Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda is an Indian politician who served as the 11th prime minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997. He was previously the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He presently is a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka. He is the national president of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. Born in a farming family,he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953,and remained a member until 1962. He was imprisoned during the Emergency. He became President of the state unit of Janata Dal in 1994,and was considered to be a driving force in the party's victory in Karnataka. He served as the 8th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. In the 1996 general elections,no party won enough seats to form a government. When the United Front,a coalition of regional parties,formed the central government with the support of the Congress,Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government and was elected Prime Minister. During his tenure as prime minister,he also served as Home Minister for some time. His prime ministerial tenure lasted for less than a year. After his prime ministerial tenure,he was elected to the 12th (1998),14th (2004),15th,and 16th Lok Sabha,as Member of Parliament for the Hassan Lok Sabha constituency. He lost Lok Sabha elections in 2019 from Tumkuru but has been elected to Rajya Sabha since.
The Samajwadi Party is a socialist political party in India. It was founded by formerly Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,Akhilesh Yadav. He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President of India,in their role as head of the legislature,has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha,but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and their Union Council of Ministers.
Arun Jaitley was an Indian politician and attorney. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party,Jaitley served as the Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs of the Government of India from 2014 to 2019. Jaitley previously held the cabinet portfolios of Finance,Defence,Corporate Affairs,Commerce and Industry,and Law and Justice in the Vajpayee government and Narendra Modi government.
Shankarrao Bhavrao Chavan was an Indian politician who served as the chief minister of Maharashtra twice from 1975 until 1977 and from 13 March 1986 until 26 June 1988. He was the finance minister of India from 1988 to 1989 in Rajiv Gandhi ministry. He also served as the home minister of India twice,from 31 December 1984 to 12 March 1986 in the Rajiv Gandhi cabinet,and from 21 June 1991 to 16 May 1996 in the P. V. Narasimha Rao cabinet.
Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna is an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was the 10th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008. SM Krishna had served as the Speaker of the Karnataka Vidhan Sabha from December 1989 to January 1993. He was also a member of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at various times from 1971 to 2014. In 2023,Krishna was awarded the Padma Vibhushan,the second highest civilian award of India.
Jairam Ramesh is an Indian politician belonging to Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament representing Karnataka state in the Rajya Sabha. In July 2011,Jairam was elevated to the Union Council of Ministers of India and appointed Minister of Rural Development and Minister of the new Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. However,in the cabinet reshuffle in October 2012,he was divested of the portfolio of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. He was previously the Indian Minister of State at the Ministry of Environment and Forests from May 2009 to July 2011.
Kollur Mallappa,also referred to as Malappa Lingappa Kollur was the first President of Hyderabad Pradesh Congress Committee,prior to the merger of Hyderabad state into Andhra Pradesh. He was a Member of Parliament from Raichur,now in Karnataka for several terms. He was a mentor of the late Indian Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao,several leaders like Virendra Patil,Shivraj Patil,S.B. Chavan and G. Venkataswamy,etc. He founded the Kuruba Sangham and the Kuruba hostel in Hyderabad.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Ahmedbhai Muhamedbhai Patel,also known as Ahmed Patel,was an Indian politician and Member of Parliament from the Indian National Congress. He was the political secretary to Congress President Sonia Gandhi.
Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer and politician,who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She was the second person to complete a 5-year term as the Minister of External Affairs,after Jawaharlal Nehru. A senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),Swaraj was the second woman to hold the office of Minister of External Affairs,after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977,she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.
Thawar Chand Gehlot is an Indian politician who is the current and 13th Governor of Karnataka,being the first person serving as the Governor of Karnataka from Madhya Pradesh. He assumed office of the Governor of Karnataka on July 11,2021. He also served as the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment in the Government of India from 2014 to 2021. He was also the Leader of the House in the upper house of Indian Parliament. He was a member of the Parliamentary Board and the Central Election Committee of the BJP.
Shyam Nandan Mishra was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was Member of Parliament for many years in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Initially a member of the Indian National Congress,he was later Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha as a Congress (O) leader,and then a Janata Party MP and Minister for External Affairs in Charan Singh's government. He was imprisoned both during the Quit India Movement and the Emergency.
Mukul Roy is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He has also served as a Minister of State in the Shipping Ministry and later Ministry of Railways during the second UPA government. Before the creation of Trinamool Congress,he was a member of Indian National Congress. Between 2017 and 2021,Roy left Trinamool Congress to join Bharatiya Janata Party he again left BJP and joined AITC.
Rajeev Chandrasekhar is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Electronics and Information Technology of India. He is also an entrepreneur,technocrat and a member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha from BJP representing Karnataka. He served as National Spokesperson of BJP and was vice-chairman of the Kerala faction of the BJP-led coalition National Democratic Alliance.
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.
Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge is an Indian lawyer and politician serving as the President of the Indian National Congress since 2022,and Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha since 2021. He has been a Member of Parliament,Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 2020.
M. S. Gurupadaswamy was an Indian politician. He was the Leader of House of Rajya Sabha from December 1989 to November 1990 and served twice as the Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha during March 1971 to April 1972 and 28 June 1991 to 21 July 1991.
