The Etz Chaim still exists in a manuscript which formerly belonged to Johann Christoph Wagenseil and is now in the Rathsbibliothek in Leipzig. The work is of interest as the chief literary production of an English Jew before the Edict of Expulsion of 1290, and gives an account of the ritual followed by the Jews of England at that date.[1]
A partial edition was published by Hermann Adler in Leipzig, 1896.[2]
Eleazar of Worms, or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach from the title of his Book of the Perfumer —where the numerical value of "Perfumer" is equal to Eleazar, was a leading Talmudist and Kabbalist, and the last major member of the Hasidei Ashkenaz, a group of German Jewish pietists.
Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities. Since 1911, through a capitulation by Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel, Israel has had two chief rabbis, one Ashkenazi and one Sephardi.
Manoel Dias Soeiro, better known by his Hebrew name Menasseh ben Israel, also known as Menasheh ben Yossef ben Yisrael, also known with the Hebrew acronym, MB"Y or MBI, was a Portuguese rabbi, kabbalist, writer, diplomat, printer, publisher, and founder of the first Hebrew printing press in Amsterdam in 1626.
Jewish writers in England during the pre-expulsion period of the eleventh through the thirteenth centuries produced different kinds of writing in Hebrew. Many were Tosafists; others wrote legal material, and some wrote liturgical poetry and literary texts.
Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg, also called Yehuda HeHasid or 'Judah the Pious' in Hebrew, was a leader of the Chassidei Ashkenaz, a movement of Jewish mysticism in Germany considered different from the 18th-century Hasidic movement founded by the Baal Shem Tov.
Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, also called Isaac Or Zarua or the Riaz, is considered to be one of the prominent rabbis of the Middle Ages. He was probably born in Bohemia and lived between 1200 and 1270. He attained his fame in Vienna and his major work, the halachic guide known as the Or Zarua a compilation of halachic decisions and legal rulings, was very popular among Ashkenazic Jewry. He was a member of the Chassidei Ashkenaz and studied under many scholars, including the Ra'avyah, Rabbi Yehudah HaChasid, the Sar mi'Kutzi and Rabbi Elazar Rokeach. He was among the teachers of Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg.
Hayyim ben Joseph Vital was a rabbi in Safed and the foremost disciple of Isaac Luria. He recorded much of his master's teachings. After Vital's death, his writings began to spread and led to a "powerful impact on various circles throughout the Jewish world."
Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen was an Italian Rabbi, the son of Rabbi Meir Katzenellenbogen.
The Great Synagogue of London was, for centuries, the centre of Ashkenazi synagogue and Jewish life in London. Built north of Aldgate in the 17th century, it was destroyed during World War II, in the Blitz.
Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon (1166–1224) was a French tosafist born in Paris.
Jacob Saphir was a 19th-century writer, ethnographer, researcher of Hebrew manuscripts, a traveler and emissary of the rabbis of Eastern European Jewish descent who settled in Jerusalem during his early life.
Judah ben Barzillai (Albargeloni) was a Catalan Talmudist of the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century. Almost nothing is known of his life. He came of a very distinguished family, on account of which he was not seldom called "ha-Nasi" (the prince), a title of honor borne also by his descendants in Barcelona.
Abraham Pereira Mendes was a Jamaican rabbi and educator. He served in Jamaica, England, and the USA.
Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise was a French rabbi, a tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. His French name was Sir Morel, by which he is often designated in rabbinical literature. "Kadesh Urchatz", the now ubiquitous poem at the beginning of the traditional Haggadah, is attributed to him.
Ephraim of Bonn, also known as Ephraim ben Jacob, was a rabbi and writer, known for documenting the massacre of the Jews in the city of York in 1190.
A meshulach, also known as a shaliach or SHaDaR, was an emissary sent to the Diaspora to raise funds (ḥalukka) for the Jewish communities of the Land of Israel. In recent times, the term has come to mean any charity collector for a Jewish organization.
The literature of England is literature written in what is now England, or by English writers. It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages.
Berechiah de Nicole also known as Benedict fil Mosse,, was a thirteenth-century English Tosafist who lived at Lincoln.
Moses ben Isaac Edrehi Moroccan-born cabalist and teacher of modern and Oriental languages. He resided mainly in Amsterdam and in England.
Löb ben Moses Minden, also known as Judah ben Moses Selichower, was a ḥazzan and poet.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Joseph Jacobs (1901–1906). "Jacob ben Judah Ḥazzan of London". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography: H. Adler, in Papers of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, p. 276, London, 1888; idem, in Steinschneider Festschrift, pp. 241–242; D. Kaufmann, as above and in J. Q. R. v. 353–374.
