Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Established | 1957 |
| Disbanded | 2019 |
| Seats | 36 (28 Elected + 8 Nominated) |
| Elections | |
| Proportional representation, First past the post and Nominations | |
| Meeting place | |
| Jammu (winter), Srinagar (summer) | |
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council (also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Parishad) was the upper house of the legislature of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. [1]
The first Legislature was established by the government of the then-Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh, in 1934. [2] On 17.11.1956, a new constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly and called as the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. Articles 46 and 50 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir provided for Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council, which provisions were made effective from 26.1.1957. [1] [2]
In August 2019, an act was passed the Indian Parliament, which reorganised the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh on 31 October 2019. The new union territory of Jammu and Kashmir will elect a unicameral legislature from this date onwards. The Legislative Council of Jammu and Kashmir was formally abolished on 31 October 2019 on implementation of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 as per its Section 57. [3] [4]
The council was governed according to the Indian Constitution and acts of the Indian Parliament. The eligibility criteria for membership in the Legislative Council is given below:
Members of the Legislative Councils served staggered six-year terms, with one-third of the members are eligible for re-election every two years. Unlike the lower house, the composition of the council was not determined by direct popular vote. [6]
The Council's membership was strictly limited to 40 seats. However, as per section 50 of the then state constitution, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council was composed of 36 seats. [6] [7]
Legislative Council consisted of 36 members, chosen in the following manner:
The Legislative Council had two regular sessions — Budget and Monsoon sessions. But these sessions could be convened at any time by the state governor. "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</ref> The Council lacks many of the powers and responsibilities that are bestowed to the Legislative Assembly. [6] While the members of the Legislative Council could introduce any form of legislation except bills concerning financial appropriations, in practice the lower house was the source of most legislation and bills passed by the Assembly were only sent to the Legislative Council for final approval. [6]
The Council was required to decide on any appropriation bill sent by the Assembly within 14 days. [6] [7] Legislation not concerning appropriations may be decided upon within three months. [6] [7] Whether a bill was an ordinary bill or a money bill was decided by the Speaker of the Vidhan Sabha.
Nevertheless, the Vidhan Parishad had some influence over the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The main powers of the council were:
The Legislative Council was headed by a Chairman and Deputy Chairman elected by the members of the Council. The Leader of the House was the leader of the party (or coalition) holding the most number of seats in the council. The Leader of the Opposition represents the second-largest party or coalition.
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group. As of 2022, roughly 40% of world's national legislatures are bicameral, while unicameralism represents 60% nationally and much more at the subnational level.
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Chowdhary Zulfkar Ali is an Indian politician and former cabinet minister of Jammu and Kashmir. He is an Advocate by profession and was part of the 11th and 12th Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly from Darhal constituency. He is a second-generation politician whose father Chowdhary Mohmmad Hussain was a renowned politician in the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir. Zulfkar has also served as Cabinet Minister under the Chief Ministership of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and Mehbooba Mufti 2015 to 2018. He was associated with Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party and served as district chief of the party for district Rajouri 2003 to 2013. He resigned from the PDP and became one of the founding member of Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party. Presently Vice President of the party. Ali has been Honoured with Best Legislature 2012. As a Cabinet Minister, Ali headed various portfolios. Zulfkar also implemented the national food security act (NFSA) in the state and launched a food for poor scheme (MMSFES).
