Jekyll Island Club

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Jekyll Island Club Historic District
Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (21).jpg
Club House and Annex
USA Georgia location map.svg
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Location Jekyll Island, Georgia
Coordinates 31°3′38″N81°25′19″W / 31.06056°N 81.42194°W / 31.06056; -81.42194
Area240 acres (97.1 hectares)
Built1884–1930
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleQueen Anne
NRHP reference No. 72000385 [1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJanuary 20, 1972
Designated NHLDJune 2, 1978 [2]

The Jekyll Island Club was a private club on Jekyll Island, on Georgia's Atlantic coast. It was founded in 1886 when members of an incorporated hunting and recreational club purchased the island for $125,000 (about $3.1 million in 2017) from John Eugene du Bignon. The original design of the Jekyll Island Clubhouse, with its signature turret, was completed in January 1888. The club thrived through the early 20th century; its members came from many of the world's wealthiest families, most notably the Morgans, Rockefellers, and Vanderbilts. The club closed at the end of the 1942 season due to complications from World War II.

Contents

In 1947, after five years of funding a staff to keep up the lawn and cottages, the island was purchased from the club's remaining members for $675,000 (about $7.4 million in 2017) during condemnation proceedings by the state of Georgia. The state tried operating the club as a resort, but this was not financially successful, and the entire complex was closed by 1971.

The complex was designated a historic landmark in 1978.

It was restored and reopened as a luxury resort hotel in 1985. Jekyll Island Club Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. [3]

Founding

Jekyll Island Clubhouse Jekyllclubhouse.jpg
Jekyll Island Clubhouse

At the end of the plantation era of Jekyll Island, Newton Finney, suggested to Dubignon, his brother-in-law, that they might acquire the island and then sell it to Northern businessmen as a winter resort. A New York banker helped with the purchase of the entire island. By 1885, Dubignon was the sole owner of Jekyll.

In 1885, Finney and a New York associate, Oliver K. King, gathered a group of men and petitioned the Glynn county courts, becoming incorporated as the "Jekyl Island Club" on December 9, 1885. They agreed to sell 100 shares of the Jekyll Island Club stock to 50 people at $600 a share (about $15,000 in 2017).

duBignon Cottage GA Jekyll Island Club HD duBignon Cottage02.jpg
duBignon Cottage
Rockefeller Cottage GA Jekyll Island Rockefeller Cottage01.jpg
Rockefeller Cottage

Finney had no difficulty selling the shares. Six of the first seven shares went to the men who signed the charter petition: Finney, Dubignon, King, Richard L. Ogden, William B. D'Wolf, and Charles L. Schlatter. In all, Finney was able to find 53 people to join the club, including such famous names as Henry Hyde, Marshall Field, John Pierpont Morgan, Joseph Pulitzer, and William K. Vanderbilt. [4]

On February 17, 1886, Finney signed an official agreement with Dubignon, who sold Jekyll Island to Finney's Jekyll Island Club for $125,000. On April 1, 1886, a meeting was held in New York to create the constitution and by-laws, and to nominate officers for the club. The first president was Lloyd Aspinwall, vice president was Judge Henry Elias Howland, treasurer was Franklin M. Ketchum, and Richard L. Ogden became secretary. These men faced the difficult task of turning the undeveloped property into a social club for the wealthy upper class of America.

Lloyd Aspinwall served just 5 months as the club president before he died suddenly. Henry Howland then took up the position as president of the club.

Committees were formed to get the club off the ground. Charles A. Alexander of Chicago was chosen to design the clubhouse, and Horace William Shaler Cleveland, a famous landscape architect, was chosen to design and lay out the grounds.

Ground was broken on the clubhouse building in mid-August 1886. After some setbacks the clubhouse was completed on November 1. The club officially opened its doors when the executive committee arrived for the 1888 season on January 21.

Several nationally important events took place on Jekyll Island during the Club era, including the first transcontinental telephone call made by Theodore N. Vail, president of AT&T, to Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas A. Watson and President Woodrow Wilson in 1915; and the development of the Aldrich–Vreeland Act for the National Monetary Commission in 1908.

Recreation during the club era

The Jekyll Island Club was a unique resort, more family-oriented than the Union Club or the Chicago Club. It enjoyed great popularity among the elite classes, maintaining a highly exclusive character for 60 years. [5]

When the club started out, hunting was a major recreational activity. A gamekeeper was hired to keep the island well-stocked with pheasants, turkeys, quail and deer.

All members were to report daily what they had killed and turn it over to the club. Wild game was a common sight on the menu of the clubhouse. A taxidermist shop was located within the club compound, specifically for mounting the prize game.

As the club grew, other recreations became popular. Golf eventually took over as the club's dominant sport. The first course was located just to the north of the Club compound. Later, in the 1920s, an ocean side course was built. A portion of this historic golf course is still intact, and can be played.

Other leisure activities included carriage driving, tennis, and bicycling. [6]

Role in the history of the Federal Reserve

Jekyll Island was the location of a meeting in November 1910 in which draft legislation was written to create a central banking system for the United States. Following the Panic of 1907, banking reform became a major issue in the United States. Senator Nelson Aldrich (R-RI), chairman of the National Monetary Commission, went to Europe for almost two years to study that continent's banking systems. Upon his return, he brought together many of the country's leading financiers to Jekyll Island to discuss monetary policy and the banking system, drafting legislation which was introduced in Congress as the "Aldrich Plan". Some ideas from the Aldrich Plan were later incorporated into the Federal Reserve Act.

On the evening of November 22, 1910, Sen. Aldrich and A.P. Andrews (Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury Department), Paul Warburg (a naturalized German representing Kuhn, Loeb & Co.), Frank A. Vanderlip (president of the National City Bank of New York), Henry P. Davison (senior partner of J. P. Morgan Company), Charles D. Norton (president of the Morgan-dominated First National Bank of New York), and Benjamin Strong (representing J. P. Morgan), together representing about one quarter of the world's wealth at the time, left Hoboken, New Jersey on a train in complete secrecy, dropping their last names in favor of first names, or code names, so no one would discover who they all were. The excuse for such powerful representatives and wealth was to go on a duck hunting trip on Jekyll Island.

Forbes magazine founder Bertie Charles Forbes wrote several years later:

Picture a party of the nation's greatest bankers stealing out of New York on a private railroad car under cover of darkness, stealthily riding hundreds of miles South, embarking on a mysterious launch, sneaking onto an island deserted by all but a few servants, living there a full week under such rigid secrecy that the names of not one of them was once mentioned, lest the servants learn the identity and disclose to the world this strangest, most secret expedition in the history of American finance. I am not romancing; I am giving to the world, for the first time, the real story of how the famous Aldrich currency report, the foundation of our new currency system, was written ... The utmost secrecy was enjoined upon all. The public must not glean a hint of what was to be done. Senator Aldrich notified each one to go quietly into a private car of which the railroad had received orders to draw up on an unfrequented platform. Off the party set. New York's ubiquitous reporters had been foiled ... Nelson (Aldrich) had confided to Henry, Frank, Paul and Piatt that he was to keep them locked up at Jekyll Island, out of the rest of the world, until they had evolved and compiled a scientific currency system for the United States, the real birth of the present Federal Reserve System, the plan done on Jekyll Island in the conference with Paul, Frank and Henry ... Warburg is the link that binds the Aldrich system and the present system together. He more than any one man has made the system possible as a working reality. [7]

Decline and closure of the club

The Great Depression in 1929 caused great changes on Jekyll Island. This depression touched even the very wealthy across the country and membership in an exclusive club became an extravagance. Membership dropped slowly through the 1930s as the depression continued.

With the financial situation of the club worsening, the executive committee decided to create a new level of club membership in 1933. A more affordable level of membership, the Associate membership was designed to fit the needs, and pocketbook, of anyone. It was an attempt to draw in new and younger people as well as to draw more members back to the clubhouse. This new membership did revitalize the club membership roster, although only for a brief period.

World War II was the final blow to the life of the Jekyll Island Club. The club opened as usual for the 1942 season. However, by the beginning of March it was announced there would be an early close to the season due to the club's financial situation and the strain the war had on the labor situation. The 1942 season would turn out to be the final season for the Jekyll Island Club.

There was hope by the president that the Club might be reopened after the war with renewed interest. However, in 1946 the state of Georgia entered the picture. The state's revenue commissioner, Melvin E. Thompson, wanted to purchase one of Georgia's barrier islands and open it to the public as a state park. Finally, on June 2, 1947, the state purchased the island through a condemnation order for $675,000 (or approximately $5,563,416 in 2003 dollars). [8]

The club was turned into a public resort by the state, but closed by 1971, a financial failure. It was made a historic landmark in 1978 and restored and reopened as the Radisson Jekyll Island Club Hotel in 1985. Radisson ceased managing the hotel some years later, and it currently operates as the Jekyll Island Club Resort.

List of members

During the club's inception, a limit of 100 members was imposed to ensure the club's exclusiveness. During the financially difficult Great Depression period, the club began referring to its members as founders and created the new Associate Membership. This membership was purchased at a lower price, but with all of the benefits that the founders enjoyed, and limited to a total of 150.

This list includes many of the most notable members and is not exhaustive. [4] [9]

MemberBiographyYears
John J. Albright 1890–1931
Nelson W. Aldrich American politician, daughter Abby married John D. Rockefeller Jr.1912–1915
Lloyd Aspinwall Owner of Howland & Aspinwall 1886–1886
Lloyd Aspinwall Jr.Heir to Lloyd Aspinwall 1886–1892
George Fisher Baker Founder of First National Bank of the City of New York predecessor to Citibank1901–1931
Francis Bartlett1886–1911
Frances Bartow1931–1945
Anson Beard1927–1929
John Eugene du Bignon1886–1896
Cornelius Newton Bliss 1886–1911
Cornelius Newton Bliss Jr. 1912–1921
Matthew Chaloner Durfee Borden The "Calico King", owner of the American Printing Company 1892–1912
Frederick Gilbert Bourne President of the Singer Manufacturing Company between 1889 and 1905.1901–1919
Marion Bourne1919–1937
Marjorie Bourne1920–1929
Robert Elbert Bourne1926–1929
Robert BrewsterSon of Benjamin Brewster (financier) an early Standard Oil Trustee1912–1939
Charles S. Brown1924–1935
McEvers Bayard Brown1886–1926
John Claflin1886–1912, 1921–1938
Charles Richard Crane Eldest son of plumbing parts mogul, Chicago manufacturer, Richard T. Crane 1916–1924
Florence Higinbotham Crane1919–1940
Richard T. Crane Founder of R.T. Crane & Bro., a Chicago-based manufacturer of valves and pipes that would later become an aerospace and plumbing manufacturer.1911–1931
Robert Fulton Cutting1923–1934
William Bayard Cutting 1886–1912
Charles M. Daniels1924–1932
Charles Deering 1887–1902
John Eugene du Bignon1886–1896
Duncan Steuart Ellsworth1895–1908
James Ellsworth 1915–1924
Nathaniel Kellogg Fairbank 1886–1903
Walton Ferguson1887–1922
Walton Ferguson Jr.1902–1906
Marshall Field Founder of Marshall Field's department stores.1886–1906
Newton Sobieski Finney1886–1897
Michael Gavin1924–1933
Ogden Goelet New York real estate developer and director of The Chemical Bank. He had residences in 608 Fifth Ave., New York and a seasonal residence Ochre Point in Newport, Rhode Island 1886–1897
Robert Goelet New York real estate developer and director of The Chemical Bank. He had residences at 591 Fifth Avenue, New York and seasonal residences at Tuxedo Park, New York and Ochre Point in Newport, Rhode Island1886–1899
Frank H. GoodyearChairman of the board of the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad Co., Buffalo, New York and lumber business magnate.1902–1907
Josephine Goodyear1909–1915
Frank H. Goodyear Jr.1916–1930
Edwin Gould Son of railroad financier Jay Gould 1899–1933
George Jay Gould I Son of railroad financier Jay Gould 1895–1916
Edward S. Harkness Philanthropist and one of four sons of Stephen V. Harkness, a harness-maker who invested in the forerunner of Standard Oil, John D. Rockefeller's oil company1911–1923
Edmund B. Hayes 1886–1921
James J. Hill 1888–1916
Mary Hill1916–1921
Bayard C. Hoppin1925–1931
Gerard B. Hoppin1923–1938
Alanson Houghton 1919–1941
Henry Howland1886–1901
Dr. Walter James1917–1927
Walter Jennings1926–1933
Morris Ketchum Jesup 1888–1908
John Stewart Kennedy 1898–1909
Thomas W. Lamont
Charles Lanier1886–1911
Cornelius "Connie" Lee1919–1947
Pierre Lorillard IV Heir of the Lorillard Tobacco Company 1886–1886, 1888–1891
John Magee1893–1908
George MacyFounder of The Heritage Press 1902–1918
Valentine Everit Macy1909–1927
Charles Stewart Maurice1886–1924
Margaret Maurice1924–1947
Cyrus Hall McCormick Jr. 1891–1936
Gordon McKay1891–1903
J. P. Morgan Financier, created United States Steel Corporation by buying Carnegie Steel and formed General Electric 1886–1913
J. P. Morgan Jr. Philanthropist1913–1943
William Fellowes Morgan1925–1934
Richard Ogden1886–1892
Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst 1894–1909
Henry Kirke Porter 1891–1921
Bernie Prentice1928–1947
Joseph Pulitzer Today, best known for the Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer was a journalist.1886–1911
William Rockefeller American financier, was a co-founder of Standard Oil with his older brother John D. Rockefeller.1905–1922
Grant B. Schley 1903–1917
Dr. Frederick Shattuck1912–1929
George Frederick Shrady Sr. 1904–1907
Hester Shrady1908–1916
Frederick Snow 1915–1918, 1925–1929
Samuel Spencer President of the Southern Railway1898–1906
George Baker St. George1925–1933
William Strassburger1919–1924
Alexander Thayer1929–1937
Theodore Newton Vail President of American Telephone and Telegraph 1912–1920
Cornelius Vanderbilt II The first son of William Henry Vanderbilt, an American industrialist and philanthropist who built his wealth in shipping and railroads, and grandson of "The Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt.
William Kissam Vanderbilt The second son of William Henry Vanderbilt, from whom he inherited $55 million, and grandson of "The Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt,1886–1902
William Warren Vaughn1919–1931
George Whitney1928–1941

Associate Members: (This class of membership was adopted in 1933)

MemberYears
William Truman Aldrich1933-?
Lynford Biddle1928–1933
John Foster Dulles1933-?
Robert Gardner ?
David Sinton Ingalls  ?
Julian Myrick  ?
George Herbert Walker 1933-?

Presidents

Jekyll Island Club Historic District

Map of the Historic District from 1930 Jekyll Island Club 1930 map.jpg
Map of the Historic District from 1930

Jekyll Island Club Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) historic district and National Historic Landmark District in Glynn County, Georgia. Located on the west side of Jekyll Island, the 240-acre (97.1 hectares) district is roughly bordered by Riverview Drive to the west, and the long arc of Stable Road (Old Village Boulevard) to the north, east and south. It contains thirty-three contributing properties from the Jekyll Island Club, including the separately-NRHP-listed Rockefeller Cottage and Faith Chapel. Jekyll Island Club Historic District was added to the NRHP on January 20, 1972, and was designated a national historic landmark district on June 2, 1978.

From 1967 to 1968, Savannah landscape architect Clermont Huger Lee created a master development plan with the goal to restore the area known as "Millionaire's Village" to its 1910–1929 era. Though not fully implemented, Lee's plans served as a foundation in the redevelopment of today's Jekyll Island Historic District. [10]

Contributing properties

Key:
Separately NRHP-listed
Non-contributing properties
Demolished properties
NameImageYearLocation/
GPS Coordinates
ArchitectArchitectural
Style
MaterialNotes
Baker-Crane Carriage House Baker-Crane Carriage House, Jekyll Island Club.jpg Built c.1890101 James RoadQueen Anne RevivalBuilt for Frederic Baker, whose adjacent cottage, Solterra,
burned in 1914
Later owned by Richard Teller Crane Jr., who demolished
Solterra to build Crane Cottage
Boat Engineer's Cottage Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (30).jpg Built 191621 Pier RoadBuilt by the club to house its boat engineer, John Courier
Currently houses a gift shop, Something For Everyone
Bookkeeper's Cottage
Stephens Cottage
Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (29).jpg Built 190032 Pier Road
31°03′32″N81°25′07″W / 31.058961°N 81.418586°W / 31.058961; -81.418586 (The Cottage)
Built by the club to house its bookkeeper, Julius A. Falk
Currently houses The Cottage Gift Shop
Chauffeurs' Dormitory Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (35).jpg Built 190517 Pier Road
31°03′31″N81°25′10″W / 31.05866666°N 81.41953333°W / 31.05866666; -81.41953333 (Chauffeurs' Dormitory)
Currently houses Island House Gifts
The rear addition houses Jekyll Island U.S. Post Office
Cherokee Cottage
Shrady-James Cottage
GA Jekyll Island Club HD Cherokee01.jpg Built 1904191 Old Plantation Road
31°03′40″N81°25′20″W / 31.060983°N 81.42211°W / 31.060983; -81.42211 (Cherokee Cottage)
Carrere & Hastings Italian Renaissance Revival
Cottage of Mrs. G. F. Shrady Lanier p.60.jpg
Built for George Frederick Shrady Sr.
Later owned by Dr. Walter Belknap James
Cherokee Cottage in 1911:
Club House Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (22).jpg Built 1887371 Riverview Drive
31°03′33″N81°25′19″W / 31.059116°N 81.4220421°W / 31.059116; -81.4220421 (Jekyll Island Club Resort)
Charles A. Alexander Queen Anne Revival
Jekyll Island Club House AA&BN 8January1887.jpg
In an 1886 perspective drawing:
Club House Annex Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (23).jpg Built 1901–1903Old Plantation Road
31°03′33″N81°25′17″W / 31.059088°N 81.421478°W / 31.059088; -81.421478 (Jekyll Island Club House Annex)
Charles Alling Gifford Italian Renaissance Revival"The Annex" featured eight 4-bedroom condominium apartments
on the first and second floors, twenty guest bedrooms on the
third floor, and servant bedrooms on the fourth floor. [11]
Commissary Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (20).jpg Built c.190024 Pier Road
31°03′32″N81°25′12″W / 31.0590046°N 81.4200983°W / 31.0590046; -81.4200983 (Commissary)
Currently houses Just By Hand, a handicrafts shop
Crane Cottage 43 Jekly Island Club, Jekly Island, Georgia.jpg Built 1917–1918371 Riverview Drive
31°03′38″N81°25′21″W / 31.060596°N 81.4226187°W / 31.060596; -81.4226187 (Crane Cottage)
Adler & Dangler Mediterranean Revival stucco over brick
Ludowici tile roof
68 Jekly Island Club, Jekly Island, Georgia.jpg
Built for Richard Teller Crane Jr., on the site
of Solterra (burned 1914)

Courtyard:
DuBignon Cottage
Club Cottage
Dubignon Cottage 2021.jpg Built 1884
Relocated 1896
171 Old Plantation Road
31°03′32″N81°25′14″W / 31.0588°N 81.4206°W / 31.0588; -81.4206 (DuBignon Cottage)
Stick Style Only building that pre-dated 1886 establishment of the Club
Originally stood on site of San Souci Apartments
Relocated to present site, 1896
Faith Chapel GA Jekyll Island Faith Chapel02.jpg

Faith Chapel, Jekyll Island, GA, US (17).jpg
Built 1904
Renovated 1970
181 Old Plantation Road
31°03′38″N81°25′18″W / 31.060556°N 81.421667°W / 31.060556; -81.421667 (Faith Chapel)
Howard Constable [12] Shingle Style wood shingles
Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (06).jpg
The tower's terracotta gargoyles are based on
those of Notre-Dame de Paris:

Faith Chapel, Jekyll Island, GA, US (11).jpg

King David Window by Louis Comfort Tiffany:
Furness Cottage Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (07).jpg Built 1889–1891
Renovated 1930
Renovated 2017
101 Old Plantation Road
31°03′24″N81°25′11″W / 31.056667°N 81.419611°W / 31.056667; -81.419611 (Walter Rogers Furness Cottage)
Furness, Evans & Company Shingle Stylewood shinglesBuilt for Walter Rogers Furness
Relocated 1896 and 1930.
Served as Jekyll Island Infirmary, 1930–1942
Damaged by Hurricane Matthew, 2016
Georgia Sea Turtle Center
Jekyll Island Power Plant
Georgia Sea Turtle Center building.jpg Built c.1903
Renovated 2006
214 Stable Road
31°03′36″N81°25′10″W / 31.059926°N 81.419540°W / 31.059926; -81.419540 (Georgia Sea Turtle Center)
brickThe Georgia Sea Turtle Center opened in 2007
Goodyear Cottage Goodyear Cottage 2021.jpg Built 1903–1906
Renovated 1973
321 Riverview Drive
31°03′23″N81°25′18″W / 31.0565°N 81.4218°W / 31.0565; -81.4218 (Goodyear Cottage)
Carrere & Hastings Italian Renaissance Revival
Cottage of Mrs. F. H. Goodyear Lanier p.25.jpg
Goodyear Cottage in 1911:
Gould Casino Auditorium Gould Casino, Jekyll Island Club Historic District (Glynn County, Georgia).JPG Built 1902
Remodeled 1957
203 Old Plantation Road
31°03′44″N81°25′21″W / 31.06215°N 81.42251°W / 31.06215; -81.42251 (Gould Casino)
Walter BlairBuilt by Edwin Gould as indoor tennis courts.
Hollybourne Cottage Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (60).jpg Built 1890379 Riverview Drive
31°03′44″N81°25′23″W / 31.0622°N 81.423°W / 31.0622; -81.423 (Hollybourne Cottage)
William H. Day tabby concrete
Home of C. S. Maurice Lanier p.64.jpg
Built for Charles Stewart Maurice
Hollybourne Cottage in 1911:
Jekyll Island Authority
Administration Building
Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (66).jpg 100 James RoadBuilt as a dormitory for married servants.
Currently houses offices of the Jekyll Island Authority
Jekyll Island Authority Offices 85 Jekly Island Club, Jekly Island, Georgia.jpg James Road
31°03′35″N81°25′13″W / 31.059758°N 81.420372°W / 31.059758; -81.420372 (Jekyll Island Authority Offices)
Built as a dormitory for single servants.
Jekyll Island Museum
Club Stables
Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (26).jpg Built 1897
Renovated 2017–2019
100 Stable Road
31°03′30″N81°25′04″W / 31.058290°N 81.417889°W / 31.058290; -81.417889 (Jekyll Island Museum)
Reopened April 27, 2019, following a two-year renovation
Jekyll Island U.S. Post Office
(rear of Chauffeur's Dormitory)
Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (50).jpg 17-A Pier Road
31°03′32″N81°25′16″W / 31.0588276°N 81.4210029°W / 31.0588276; -81.4210029 (Jekyll Island U.S. Post Office)
Mistletoe Cottage
Claflin-Porter Cottage
Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (34).jpg Built 1900Riverview Drive
31°03′25″N81°25′18″W / 31.0568059°N 81.4218°W / 31.0568059; -81.4218 (Mistletoe Cottage)
Charles Alling Gifford Dutch Colonial Revival wood shinglesBuilt for Henry Kirke Porter
John Claflin purchased it in 1926
Morgan Tennis Court Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (48).jpg Built 1930151 Old Plantation Road
31°03′29″N81°25′14″W / 31.058049°N 81.420588°W / 31.058049; -81.420588 (Morgan Tennis Court)
Named for Club president J. P. Morgan Jr.
Moss Cottage Jekyll Island Club Historic District, GA, US (43).jpg Built 1896341 Riverview Drive
31°03′21″N81°25′18″W / 31.055843°N 81.421647°W / 31.055843; -81.421647 (Moss Cottage)
Dutch Colonial Revivalwood shingles
Phaeton in front of Struthers House Lanier p.27.jpg
Built for William Struthers Jr.
Later owned by George Henry Macy
Moss Cottage in 1911:
Pump House Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (51).jpg Built c.1925south of Morgan Tennis Court
Rockefeller Cottage
Indian Mound Cottage
GA Jekyll Island Rockefeller Cottage01.jpg Built 1892
Expanded c.1910
361 Riverview Drive
31°03′27″N81°25′19″W / 31.0575°N 81.421944°W / 31.0575; -81.421944 (Rockefeller Cottage)
Shingle Stylewood shingles
Cottage of William Rockfeller Lanier p.17.jpg
Rockefeller Cottage in 1911:
Built for Gordon McKay
Bought by William Rockefeller, 1905.
San Souci Apartments San Souci house on Jekyll Island, Georgia, US.jpg Built 1896365 Pier Road
31°03′29″N81°25′17″W / 31.05815°N 81.42144°W / 31.05815; -81.42144 (San Souci)
Charles Alling Gifford Shingle Stylewood shinglesBuilt by Henry Baldwin Hyde as a 6-unit condominium
J. P. Morgan owned one of the apartments
San Souci Boiler House Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (12).jpg Built 1896150 Old Plantation Road
31°03′29″N81°25′16″W / 31.0579269°N 81.4209922°W / 31.0579269; -81.4209922 (Island Sweets Shoppe)
Birds Eye View of Vegetable Garden Lanier p.76.jpg
Visible at far right in a 1911 photograph:
Built to provide heat and hot water for San
Souci Apartments
Currently houses the Island Sweets Shoppe
Solterra Dovecote Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (68).jpg Built c.1890
Restored 2016 [13]
Old Plantation Road
From Club House Looking North Lanier p.47.jpg
Visible just left of center in a 1911 photograph:
Built for Frederic Baker
Survived 1914 burning of Solterra Cottage
Staff Dining Hall Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (40).jpg c.191013 Pier Road
31°03′31″N81°25′13″W / 31.0586831°N 81.4202132°W / 31.0586831; -81.4202132 (Remember When)
Currently houses Remember When
Villa Marianna 109 Jekll Island Club, Jekll Island, Goergia.jpg Built 1929201 Old Plantation Road
31°03′43″N81°25′20″W / 31.062011°N 81.4223338°W / 31.062011; -81.4223338 (Villa Marianna)
Mogens TvedeMediterranean RevivalBuilt for Frank Miller Gould, named for his daughter
Villa Opso 72 Jekly Island Club, Jekly Island, Georgia.jpg Built 1927381 Riverview Drive
31°03′46″N81°25′24″W / 31.062855°N 81.423218°W / 31.062855; -81.423218 (Villa Opso)
John Russell Pope Mediterranean RevivalBuilt for Walter Jennings
Takes its name from the Guale name for Jekyll Island
Wharf
Jekyll Landing Wharf
The Wharf at an angle.jpg 1 Pier Road
31°03′30″N81°25′27″W / 31.0582°N 81.4242°W / 31.0582; -81.4242 (Jekyll Landing Wharf)
Wharf Lanier p.116.jpg
Wharf in 1911:

Non-contributing and demolished properties

NameImageYearLocation/
GPS Coordinates
ArchitectArchitectural
Style
MaterialNotes
Brown Cottage1888
Demolished c.1944
North Riverview Drive
31°04′08″N81°25′34″W / 31.0689°N 81.42598°W / 31.0689; -81.42598 (Brown Cottage Chimney)
William Burnet Tuthill Queen Anne RevivalBuilt for McEvers Bayard Brown
Chichota Cottage Cottage of Edwin Gould Lanier p.60.jpg Built 1897
Demolished 1941
375 Riverview Drive
31°03′41″N81°25′24″W / 31.06128333°N 81.42325°W / 31.06128333; -81.42325 (Chichota Ruins)
Beaux-Arts
Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (70).jpg
Built for David H. King Jr.
Entrance through a courtyard with swimming pool
Edwin Gould purchased the cottage in 1900

Chichota's entrance steps, flanked by lions,
and its swimming pool survive
Dairy BarnBuilt 1910North Riverview Drive
31°04′42″N81°25′25″W / 31.078317°N 81.423733°W / 31.078317; -81.423733 (Dairy Silo)
Remnants of the dairy barn's concrete grain silo survive
Doc's Snack Shop Doc's Snack Shop, Jekyll Island Club.jpg
James Memorial Swimming Pool James Memorial Swimming Pool, Jekyll Island State Park, near Brunswick and St. Simons Island, Ga. (8368127668).jpg 1927west of Club HouseNamed for Club president Dr. Walter Belknap James
Jekyll Island Amphitheater Abandoned Amphitheater, Jekyll Island, GA - panoramio.jpg Built 1973North Stable Road
31°03′53″N81°25′12″W / 31.064822°N 81.420033°W / 31.064822; -81.420033 (Jekyll Island Amphitheater)
Public Restroom Jekyll Island Club Historic Dist., GA, US (111).jpg behind Faith Chapel
Pulitzer-Albright Cottage Cottage of J. Pulitzer Lanier p.31.jpg Built 1897–1898 [14]
Expanded 1899, 1904
Burned 1950s
Riverview Drive
31°03′20″N81°25′16″W / 31.0555°N 81.4212°W / 31.0555; -81.4212 (Pulitzer-Albright Cottage)
Charles Alling GiffordItalian Renaissance RevivalBuilt for Joseph Pulitzer
Pulitzer relocated the Furness Cottage to his building plot, 1896,
and lived in it while his cottage was under construction
Later owned by John J. Albright
Red RowNorth Stable Road
31°03′53″N81°25′12″W / 31.064822°N 81.420033°W / 31.064822; -81.420033 (Jekyll Island Amphitheater)
Ten houses built by the Club for African-American employees
The workers were displaced in 1947, when Georgia purchased
the island
Jekyll Island Amphitheater was built on the site in 1973
Schoolhouse School House Lanier p.58.jpg Built 1901Schoolhouse LaneChildren of white employees were taught at the schoolhouse.
A schoolhouse for black children was later built.
Skeet House The Skeet House, Jekyll Island Club.jpg Built 1930s
Relocated 2014
Pier Road
31°03′32″N81°25′12″W / 31.059005°N 81.420098°W / 31.059005; -81.420098 (Skeet House)
Relocated about 1 mi (1.6 km) from former shooting range
Currently stands beside DuBignon Cottage
Solterra
Baker Cottage
Cottage of Frederic Baker Lanier p.53.jpg Built 1890–1891
Burned 1914
Riverview Drive
31°03′38″N81°25′23″W / 31.06064°N 81.42298°W / 31.06064; -81.42298 (Solterra)
Queen Anne RevivalBuilt for Frederic Baker
Crane Cottage (1918) was built on Solterras's site
Solterra Dovecote and the Baker-Crane Carriage House survive
Union ChapelBuilt 1898
Relocated c.1904
North Stable RoadAfrican-American church, near Red Row
Water Tower/Windmill Club House & Apartment House Lanier p.11.jpg Built 1891
Destroyed 1898
Rebuilt 1898
Destroyed 1928
Old Plantation RoadLocated just east of the Club House
Both water towers/windmills were destroyed by hurricanes

See also

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References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Jekyll Island". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  3. "Jekyll Island Club Hotel". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  4. 1 2 Hutto, Richard Jay (2006). Their Gilded Cage: The Jekyll Island Club Members. Macon, Georgia: Henchard Press, Ltd. ISBN   978-0-9770912-2-5.
  5. Konolige, Kit & Frederica (1978). The power of their glory : America's ruling class, the Episcopalians (1st ed.). New York: Wyden Books. p.  79. ISBN   0883261553.
  6. McCash, William Barton and June Hall McCash (1989). The Jekyll Island Club: Southern Haven for America's Millionaires . University of Georgia Press. ISBN   0-8203-1070-0.
  7. Griffin, G. Edward (1998). The Creature from Jekyll Island  : A Second Look at the Federal Reserve. American Media. ISBN   0-912986-21-2.
  8. Bagwell, Tyler E. (2001). Jekyll Island, A State Park. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 6–8. ISBN   0-7385-0572-2.
  9. Bagwell, Tyler E. (1998). The Jekyll Island Club. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   978-0-7385-1796-4.
  10. Ced Dolder. "WHO WAS CLERMONT LEE AND WHY SHOULD ANYONE CARE?" (PDF). La Letter. XXVII (1). Georgia Chapter American Society of Landscape Architects: 18–19. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  11. The National Register of Historic Places Supplement 1974 (National Park Service, 1972), p. 120.
  12. McCash, June Hall (1998). The Jekyll Island Cottage Colony. University of Georgia Press. p. 57. ISBN   9780820319285.
  13. Solterra Dove Cote, from Hidden Jekyll via YouTube.
  14. Real Estate Record and Builders Guide, vol. 59, no. 1,525 (June 5, 1897), New York, C. W. Sweet, p. 970.