The Karamoja sub-region, commonly known as Karamoja, is a region in Uganda. It covers an area of 27,528km and comprises the Kotido District, Kaabong District, Karenga District, Nabilatuk District, Abim District, Moroto District, Napak District, Amudat District and Nakapiripirit District. The region is projected to have a population of 1.4 millions in 2022 by UBOS. [1]
In 2011, the Karamoja sub-region was the site of an important fossil discovery. Paleontologists discovered the remains of Ugandapithecus major, a 20-million-year-old ancestor of present-day primates. "It is a highly important fossil and it will certainly put Uganda on the map in terms of the scientific world," said Martin Pickford, one of the researchers involved in the discovery. [2]
The region was ruled by the British from 1916 to 1962. [3] The famine that struck the region in 1980 was, in terms of mortality rates, one of the worst in history. 21% of the population died, including 60% of the infants.[ citation needed ]
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As pastoralism and conflict are strongly interrelated, the integrated management of natural resources, like pasture, livestock and water becomes crucial. In terms of economic activity, the region depends on cattle rearing, mining, and trading in agricultural produce with neighboring districts. In mid-2006, as first reported by Inner City Press and then by The New Vision, the United Nations Development Programme halted its disarmament programs in Karamoja in response to human rights abuses in the parallel forcible disarmament programs carried out by the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). There have been reports of atrocities and many civilian victims of the disarmament, as army forces and nomadic warriors clashed. The disarmament campaign usually involves the UPDF surrounding manyatas (villages) and evacuating people from the interior, prior to orchestrating searches for hidden weapons. In September 2007, Human Rights Watch released a 97-page report [4] detailing alleged torture and even killings of children. However, this report also acknowledged that the UPDF's high command was attempting to address discipline problems, partly by providing human rights training, which had, by the time of the publication, led to cordon-and-search operations becoming "markedly less violent."
There were a number of significant clashes between the UPDF and nomadic warriors in 2010. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, said in June 2010 that at least 19 people had been killed in two incidents on 4–7 January and 22 January, when the army used a helicopter gunship and ground forces against warrior communities, before a third incident, on 24 April, which resulted in at least 10 deaths. She claimed that the death toll from all three incidents was, most likely, even higher than the confirmed numbers she quoted. She called for the opening of an impartial inquiry into the attacks.
By early 2011, the UPDF said it was starting to scale down its military operations in Karamoja. It claimed to have largely cleared the region of illegal weapons. However, in 2011, fresh allegations of torture carried out by the army in Karamoja were recorded by journalists working on a Pulitzer Center-funded project. [5]
Human welfare, living conditions and quality of life of the people in Karamoja have declined considerably due to various factors such as environmental issues, insecurity, marginalization, illiteracy, poor health, and poor infrastructure. Moroto and Nakapiripirit have the lowest HDI of 0.183 and Kotido has 0.194 as compared to an average of 0.4491 for Uganda. [6]
The districts of Karamoja have the highest Human Poverty Indices (HPI) with Nakapiripirit and Moroto Districts having 63.5 percent and Kotido has 53.8 percent, compared to the national average of 37.5 percent, Central region of 31.5 percent, Northern region 46.1 percent, Western region 39.0 percent, and Eastern region 37.1 percent. [7] There are at least 5 regional hospitals in Karamoja, providing affordable health services to the area. The locations include Matany, Moroto, Amudat, Kotido, and Kaabong. [7]
Poverty is increasing and according to the Karimojong, the main factors responsible for poverty include persistent poor harvest as a result of dry spells and droughts, cattle rustling and insecurity, animal death, lack of water, poor farming practices, ill health and disability, high bride price for marriage, lack of skills and unemployment, limited sources of income, poor governance, and landlessness. [8]
The 1980 famine in Karamoja was, in terms of mortality rates, one of the worst in history. [9] Twenty-one percent of the population died, including 60 percent of infants. [10] [11]
Much of Karamoja remained heavily dependent on the largesse of the United Nations World Food Programme, as the region entered the second decade of the 21st century. [12]
In 2011, in the wake of the severe 2011 Eastern Africa drought, food shortages were again reported in the region as well as other areas in northern and eastern Uganda. Karamoja and the Bulambuli district, in particular, were among the worst hit areas, with an estimated 1.2 million Ugandans affected. The Ugandan government also indicated that as of September 2011, acute deficits in foodstuffs were expected in 35 of the country's districts. [13] [6] Droughts and dry spells affect farmers and the population, causing economic hardship for farmers and food shortages for the population and their livestock. Droughts can be accompanied by a heat wave, causing deaths and illness. [14]
The Karimojong are part of the Karimojong Cluster of Nilotic tribes (also known as the Teso Cluster). The languages of the Jie and Dodoth are not quite the same as, but mutually intelligible with Karimojong. The ethnicity of the Ethur is not entirely certain, but they are regarded as essentially Nilotic (if mixed) and their language is regarded as a Luo dialect. The Ik and Tepeth have their own languages, but these are under great pressure from the Karimojong language (Ŋakarimojong) around them.[ citation needed ]
The Oropom were the aboriginal inhabitants of much of Karamoja in Uganda, Mt. Elgon area and West Pokot, Trans Nzoia and Turkana regions in Kenya. Their descendants were largely assimilated into various communities present in their former territories, including the Iteso, Karamojong, Pokot, Turkana and Bukusu. They are or were found in scattered pockets between the Turkwel River, Chemorongit Mountains and Mt. Elgon. One report indicates that they formerly spoke the unclassified Oropom language.
Kotido District is a district in Northern Uganda. It is named after its 'chief town', Kotido, where the district headquarters are located.
Moroto District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The town of Moroto is the site of the district headquarters.
The Karamojong or Karimojong are a Nilotic ethnic group. They are agro-pastoral herders living mainly in the north-east of Uganda. Their language is also known as ngaKarimojong and is part of the Nilotic language family. Their population is estimated at 475,000 people.
Ateker, or ŋaTekerin, is a common name for the closely related Jie, Karamojong, Turkana, Toposa, Nyangatom and Teso peoples and their languages. These ethnic groups inhabit an area across Uganda and Kenya. Itung'a and Teso have been used among ethnographers, while the term Teso-Turkana is sometimes used for the languages, which are of Eastern Nilotic stock. Ateker means 'clan' or 'tribe' in the Teso language.
Kotido is a town in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the chief municipal, administrative, and commercial center of the Kotido District and the site of the district headquarters.
Nakapiripirit is a town in the Nakapiripirit District of the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the seat of the district headquarters. As an administrative unit of the district, it is one of the eight sub-counties in the district.
Kaabong District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The district headquarters are in the similarly named town of Kaabong.
Abim District is a district in Northern Uganda. It is named after its 'chief town', Abim, where the district headquarters are located.
Abim is a town in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the chief municipal, administrative, and commercial center of Abim District. The district is named after the town.
Kaabong is a town in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the chief municipal, administrative and commercial center of the eponymous Kaabong District, and the district headquarters are located in the town.
Moroto Regional Referral Hospital, commonly known as Moroto Hospital is a hospital in the town of Moroto, in Northeastern Uganda. It is the referral hospital for the districts of Abim, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto and Nakapiripirit and Napak.
Amudat District is a district in Northern Uganda. Like most Ugandan districts, it is named after its 'chief town', Amudat, where the district headquarters are located.
Napak District is a district in Northern Uganda. It is named after Mount Napak, and its headquarters is at Lokitede.
The Kadam people inhabit Mount Kadam in Nakapiripirit District in the Karamoja sub-region, located in north-eastern Uganda.
The Jie are an ethnic group in Uganda. They belong to the Karamojong Cluster, which also includes the Karamojong and Dodoth people. Their country in northeast Uganda lies between the Dodoth to the north and the Karamojong to the south.
Losilang is a Sub-County in Kotido District of northern Uganda. It lies to the northeast of Kotido town. It has an area of 144.3 square kilometres (55.7 sq mi). Estimated population in 2009 was 17,000. Losilang was one of the early centers of the Karamojong cluster of related people. From here, the Toposa people drifted northeast and then west to settle in Kapoeta by 1830. In more recent times, Losilang has been the scene of clashes between armed warriors and Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) troops seeking illegal arms and property. On 19 May 2006 there were several hours of fighting, between 200 and 500 houses were burned down and several civilians died.
Lorengecora is a settlement in the Northern Region of Uganda. It is the headquarters of Lorengecora Parish, in Iriri sub-county, in Bokora County, in Napak District, in the Karamoja sub-region.
Rose Lilly Akello is a Ugandan politician and social worker representing Karenga District as the district woman member of parliament in the eleventh parliament of Uganda. In the ninth and tenth parliament, she served as the district woman member of parliament representing Kaabong District. Rose opted to represent Karenga District instead of Kaabong district because Karenga was carved out of Kaabong on 1 July 2019. She became the Kaabong District Woman MP after winning a by-election in 2017 against Ms Christine Tubo Nakwang. She is affiliated to the ruling political party, NRM.
Iriama Rose is a Ugandan politician. She was the Member of Parliament in the eighth and ninth Parliament of Uganda representing Nakapiripirit District as an Independent candidate.
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(August 2011) |
Karamoja Microfinance Committee (KMFC): Karamoja Microfinance Strategy, AMFIU Working Paper No. 4, Kampala, 2006.
Katalemwa M. / Mbabazi, J.: Microfinance Outreach: AMFIU backstops Karamoja DPC, partners to develop Microfinance strategy for the region, in: Supplement to The New Vision, The Daily Monitor, 6. December 2005.
Knighton, Ben
2011: 'Disarmament: The end or fulfilment of cattle-raiding' Nomadic Peoples 14/2:123–46
2007c: 'Globalizing Trends or Identities through Time? The Longue Durée in Karamojong[1] Ethnography' Journal of East African Studies 1/3:466–83
2007a: 'Of War-Leaders and Fire-Makers: A rejoinder' History in Africa 34:411–20
2006c: 'Belief in Guns and Warlords: Freeing Karamojong identity from Africanist theory' African Identities 4/2:269–86
2006b: 'Orality in the Service of Karamojong Autonomy: Polity and performance' Journal of African Cultural Studies 18/1:137–52 Special Issue 'Language, Power, and Society: Orality and literacy in the Horn of Africa'
2006a: 'Multireligious Responses to Globalization in East Africa: Karamojong and Agĩkũyũ Compared' Transformation 23/2:71–85
2005: The Vitality of Karamojong Religion: Dying tradition or living faith? Aldershot: Ashgate http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=4401&edition_id=4620 This 366-page monograph includes a full bibliography. Launched at the 'Militarization, Violence, and livelihoods' Workshop, St Antony's College, University of Oxford 3.5.06
2003b: 'The State as Raider among the Karamojong: 'Where there are no guns, they use the threat of guns' Africa 73/3:427–55
2003a: Entry on 'the Karamojong, Uganda' in Hughes, Lotte The No-Nonsense Guide to Indigenous Peoples London: Verso pp. 67f.
2002: 'School for Progress: The re-routing of BCMS missionaries into education for the end of empire in Karamoja, Uganda' International Review of Mission 91/361: 256–77
2001d: 'Globalization: Implications of violence, the global economy, and the role of the state for Africa and Christian mission' Transformation 18/4:204–19
2001b: 'Forgiveness or Disengagement in a Traditional African Cycle of Revenge' Exchange 30/1:18–32; an earlier and unproofed version is published in Africa Theological Journal 24/1:53–72
2000: 'Other Religions and The Meaning of God in an African Traditional Religion: The encounter in Karamoja, Uganda' Asia Journal of Theology 14/2: 399–430 October. Also published as 'Other Religions and the Meaning of God' Dharma Deepika 4/2:35–50 July to December
1999b: 'The Meaning of God in an African Traditional Religion and the Meaninglesness of Well-Meaning Mission: The experience of Christian enculturation in Karamoja, Uganda' Transformation 16/4:120–127
Schmidt, O. (2006): Do Microfinance Development Strategies care about the consumer? – Assessing Microfinance trends and drivers upon the case of Uganda, in: ded-info-CD financial sector development, Bonn (ded, department P12).