Limacidae

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Limacidae
DSCF8715 slug curled up lg.jpg
A live individual of Limax maximus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Superfamily: Limacoidea
Family: Limacidae
Lamarck, 1801 [1]
Diversity [2] [3]
12 genera, many species (more than 56 species)

Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.

Contents

Distribution

The distribution of the family Limacidae is the western Palearctic. [4] There are 28 species of Limacidae in Russia and adjacent countries. [5]

Anatomy

Cytology

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35 (according to the values in this table). [6]

Taxonomy

2002 taxonomy

Zhiltsov & Schileyko (2002) [7] elevated the subfamily Bielziinae to family level, Bielziidae, based on the morphology of the reproductive system of Bielzia coerulans . [7]

2005 taxonomy

The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

Genera

Genera in the family Limacidae include:

subfamily Limacinae

subfamily Eumilacinae

Cladogram

A cladogram showing the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families within the limacoid clade: [4]

  limacoid clade  
  Staffordioidea  

Staffordiidae

  Dyakioidea  

Dyakiidae

  Gastrodontoidea  

Pristilomatidae

Chronidae

Euconulidae

Trochomorphidae

Gastrodontidae

Oxychilidae

  Parmacelloidea  

Trigonochlamydidae

Parmacellidae

Milacidae

  Zonitoidea  

Zonitidae

  Helicarionoidea  

Helicarionidae

Ariophantidae

Urocyclidae

  Limacoidea  

Vitrinidae

Boettgerillidae

Limacidae

Agriolimacidae

Ecology

Parasites of slugs in this family include larvae of the marsh flies Sciomyzidae, and others.

Related Research Articles

<i>Limax</i> Genus of land slug

Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.

<i>Bielzia</i> Species of gastropod

Bielzia coerulans, commonly known as the Carpathian blue slug or simply the blue slug, is a species of very large land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriolimacidae</span> Family of gastropods

Agriolimacidae is a family of small and medium-sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limacoidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

Limacoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing land slugs and snails. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parmacellidae</span> Family of gastropods

Parmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea.

<i>Lehmannia</i> Genus of slugs

Lehmannia is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. The genus is distributed in Europe and North Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trigonochlamydidae</span> Family of gastropods

Trigonochlamydidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the clade Eupulmonata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milacidae</span> Family of gastropods

Milacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea.

<i>Boettgerilla</i> Genus of gastropods

Boettgerilla is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Boettgerillidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urocyclidae</span> Family of gastropods

Urocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, semi-slugs and land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea,.

<i>Ambigolimax valentianus</i> Species of terrestrial slug

Ambigolimax valentianus is a species of terrestrial slug, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae. It has spread very widely around the world, especially in greenhouses, where it can be a pest; in warmer climates it has often then spread outdoors. Comparatively much has been learnt about its life cycle and temperature relations. Dissection is necessary to reliably distinguish it from congeners in regions where these co-occur.

<i>Boettgerilla compressa</i> Species of gastropod

Boettgerilla compressa is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Boettgerillidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Limacinae</span> Subfamily of gastropods

Limacinae are a taxonomic subfamily of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Limacidae.

<i>Ambigolimax</i> Genus of gastropods

Ambigolimax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. There is still ongoing disagreement whether it is more appropriate to consider Ambigolimax as merely a subgenus of Lehmannia; the evidence for splitting them is phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of DNA sequences.

<i>Limacus maculatus</i> Species of gastropod

Limacus maculatus, the green cellar slug or Irish yellow slug, is a species of slug native to the Caucasus and Black Sea coast. It has also been introduced to a number of northern European countries. In its introduced range the species is often synanthropic. It is most likely to be confused with Limacus flavus, which it closely resembles externally.

The name Ambigolimax nyctelius has been used to refer to several species of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae. An article published in 2022 revealed this confusion and furthermore showed that the original description applied to a slug species in a different family. The above names are therefore no longer appropriate and care is need to interpret the meaning of earlier usages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrzej Wiktor</span> Slug taxonomist

Andrzej Wiktor (1931–2018) was a Polish taxonomist of terrestrial slugs. His considerable research output includes a number of comprehensive reviews that document the slug faunas of particular countries or revise the taxonomy of whole families. He worked for almost all of his career at the Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław in Poland.

Ambigolimax waterstoni is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.

Lehmannia carpatica is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.

References

  1. (in French) Lamarck J.-B. 1801. Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'après la considération de leurs… Paris, Detreville, VIII: 1-432. Page 62, originally spelled under vernacular name "es Limaciers".
  2. (in Polish) Wiktor A. (1989). Limacoidea et Zonitoidea nuda. Slimaki pomrowioksztaltne (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Fauna Poloniae 12, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, 208 pp., page 141.
  3. "Families in Gastropoda" AnimalBase. accessed 10 September 2010.
  4. 1 2 Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379-390. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V.(published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.
  6. Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN   0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  7. 1 2 (in Russian) Zhiltsov S. S. & Schileyko A. A. (2002). "Morphology of reproductive system of Bielzia coerulans (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) and phylogenetic relations of the genus Bielzia". Ruthenica12: 73-79. abstract.
  8. (in German) Gerhardt U. (16 July 1935). "Weitere Untersuchungen zur Kopulation der Nacktschnecken". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere30(2): 297-332. Page 329.
  9. (in Russian) Likharev I. M. & Wiktor A. (after 10 November 1980). Slizni fauny SSR i sopredelnykh stran (Gastropoda terrestria nuda) [The fauna of slugs of the USSR and adjacent countries]. Fauna SSSR, Molljuskii, 3(5): 437 pp. Page 290.
  10. Wiktor A., Quintana J. & Beckmann K.-H. (2007). "Redescription of "Limax majoricensis" (Heynemann 1863) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Balearic Islands. pp. 187-197. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN   978-3-939767-05-3.
  11. Marshall, B. (2015). Ambigolimax Pollonera, 1887. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=819989 on 2015-04-15