The International Cricket Council (ICC) was founded at Lord's on 15 June 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference, [1] with Australia, England, and South Africa as its founding members.
In the beginning, only countries within the Commonwealth could join. [2] India, New Zealand and the West Indies joined in 1926, and Pakistan joined in 1953 after the partition of India. [3] In 1961, South Africa resigned from the Conference due to their leaving the Commonwealth, [2] but they continued to play Test cricket until their international exile in 1970. [4]
The Imperial Cricket Conference was renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, with new rules permitting countries from outside the Commonwealth to be elected into the governing body for the first time: Fiji and the USA became the first associate member nations that year. [2]
In 1981, Sri Lanka became the first associate member to be elected a full member, returning the number of Test-playing nations to seven. In 1989, the ICC was again renamed, this time to the International Cricket Council. [2] South Africa was re-elected as a full member of the ICC in 1991, with Zimbabwe elected in 1992, [3] and Bangladesh elected in 2000. [3]
On 22 June 2017, Ireland and Afghanistan were granted full member (and Test) status, bringing the number of full members to 12. [5]
As of November 2023, there are 108 ICC members, with 12 full members and 96 associate members. [6]
The membership committee will consider all future requests for membership – full and associate – against an objective set of criteria. There was previously a third level, affiliate membership, which was abolished in June 2017, with all existing affiliate members becoming associate members, [7] and introducing a two-tier hierarchy (full members and associate members): any new member elected to the ICC would be an associate member, with the possibility of promotion to full member status based on ongoing performance in international competition.
From July to October 2019, the ICC suspended Zimbabwe Cricket due to government interference, the first time this had occurred with a full member side. [8] [9] [10] From November 2023 to January 2024, the ICC suspended Sri Lanka Cricket due to government interference in the board. [11]
Full members are the governing bodies for cricket in a country or a group of associated countries representing a geographical area.
All full members have a right to send a representative team to play official Test matches, have full voting rights at meetings of the ICC, and are automatically qualified to play ODIs and T20Is. [2] The West Indies cricket team is a combined team representing 15 countries and territories from the Caribbean, while the English cricket team represents both England and Wales and the Irish cricket team represents all of the island of Ireland.
Of these 12 nations, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Ireland played as associate members before being elected as full members.
In April 2021, ICC granted permanent Women's Test status to all the full member nations. [12]
Reference: ICC Men's Rankings, ICC Women's Rankings, 23 October 2021
Associate members are countries where cricket is firmly established and organised, but do not qualify for full membership. [2] There are 96 associate members. [13]
All associates were eligible to play in the World Cricket League, a series of international one-day cricket administered by the ICC until 2019. [14] This was replaced by the ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 and ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League from 2019 onwards. [15] There are also ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier events that works as a qualification process for ICC Men's T20 World Cup: until April 2018, only the qualified teams were awarded Twenty20 International status. [16]
In April 2018, the ICC announced T20I status for all its members from 1 July 2018 for the women's game, and from 1 January 2019 for the men's game. [17]
†Denotes members that are currently suspended by the ICC.
The ICC granted men's One Day International status to its associate members based on their success in the World Cricket League; the World Cricket League was replaced in 2019 and ODI status now goes exclusively to all teams in the newly created ICC Cricket World Cup Super League and ICC Cricket World Cup League 2. [100]
The Associate teams who currently hold men's ODI status are:
Team | Governing body | ODI status since | Region | Current ODI ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | Cricket Canada | 2023 | Americas | 17 |
Namibia | Cricket Namibia | 2019 [101] | Africa | 16 |
Nepal | Cricket Association of Nepal | 2018 [2] | Asia | 15 |
Netherlands | Royal Dutch Cricket Association | 2018 [2] | Europe | 14 |
Oman | Oman Cricket | 2019 [102] | Asia | 19 |
Scotland | Cricket Scotland | 2018 [2] | Europe | 13 |
United Arab Emirates | Emirates Cricket Board | 2018 | Asia | 20 |
United States | USA Cricket | 2019 | Americas | 18 |
Netherlands ensured they would regain ODI status after the completion of the 2018 World Cup Qualifier, by winning the 2015–2017 World Cricket League. The next three highest placed associates in the qualifier (UAE, Scotland and Nepal) also gained ODI status. In June 2018, Scotland and UAE were added to the main ODI rankings list, with Nepal joining them in January 2019. [103] Netherlands were also added afterwards after playing enough games to gain a ranking.
Four additional teams gained ODI status after the conclusion of the World Cricket League Division Two tournament in April 2019. [100] These teams were Namibia, Oman, Papua New Guinea and USA. [100]
In April 2021, ICC granted permanent Women's One Day International status to all the full-member teams. [104] On 25 May 2022, five Associate teams were granted Women's ODI status by the International Cricket Council. [105]
Team | Governing body | ODI status since | Region | Current ODI ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
Netherlands | Royal Dutch Cricket Association | 2022 | Europe | 12 |
Papua New Guinea | Cricket PNG | 2022 | East Asia-Pacific | - |
Scotland | Cricket Scotland | 2022 | Europe | - |
Thailand | Cricket Association of Thailand | 2022 | Asia | 9 |
United States | USA Cricket | 2022 | Americas | - |
In April 2018, the ICC announced T20I status for all members from 1 January 2019. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between ICC members since 1 January 2019 have been eligible for full T20I status. [106] [17]
There are six countries who were associate and/or affiliate members of the International Cricket Council, but were expelled from the ICC:
Country | Region | ICC membership period |
---|---|---|
Brunei | Asia | 2002–2015 [107] |
Cuba | Americas | 2002–2013 |
Morocco | Africa | 1999–2019 [108] [109] |
Russia | Europe | 2012–2022 [27] |
Tonga | East Asia-Pacific | 2000–2014 [110] |
Zambia | Africa | 2003–2021 [64] |
There were two combined teams who were associate members of the International Cricket Council, but were subsequently dissolved.
Regional bodies aim to organise, promote and develop the game of cricket in their respective ICC regions.
These are the current bodies:
The regional body for Europe was disestablished following which ICC took over operations:
Two further regional bodies were dissolved following the creation of the African Cricket Association:
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England, and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and adopted its current name in 1987. The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
The Sri Lanka men's national cricket team, nicknamed The Lions, represents Sri Lanka in men's international cricket. It is a full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One-Day International (ODI) and T20 International (T20I) status. The team first played international cricket in 1926–27 and became an associate member of the ICC in 1965. They were awarded the Test status in 1981, which made Sri Lanka the eighth Test cricket-playing nation. The team is administered by Sri Lanka Cricket.
The Bangladesh men's national cricket team, popularly known as The Tigers, is administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB). It is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One-Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. It played its first Test match in November 2000 against India with a 9 wicket win in Dhaka, becoming the tenth Test-playing nation. It became an associate member of the ICC in 1977, and competed in six ICC Trophies but performed inconsistently until 1997, which marked the year of their first major victory, winning the 1997 ICC Trophy held in Malaysia. This set Bangladesh on its way of becoming a Test-playing nation, a journey which ended with success in the year 2000.
The United States men's national cricket team is the team that represents the United States in international cricket. The team was formerly organized by the United States of America Cricket Association (USACA), which became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1965. In June 2017, the USACA was expelled by the ICC due to governance and financing issues, with the U.S. team being temporarily overseen by ICC Americas until a new sanctioning body was established. In January 2019, associate membership was officially granted to USA Cricket.
The Scotland national cricket team represents the country of Scotland. They play their home matches at The Grange, Edinburgh, and also some other venues.
Women's One Day International (ODI) is the limited overs form of women's cricket. Matches are scheduled for 50 overs, equivalent to the men's game. The first women's ODIs were played in 1973, as part of the first Women's World Cup which was held in England; the first ODI, scheduled for 20 June 1973 between New Zealand and Jamaica, rather ignominously had to be abandoned without a ball being bowled, owing to rain.
The Netherlands men's national cricket team, usually referred as "The Flying Dutchmen " is a team that represents the Netherlands in men's international cricket and is administered by the Royal Dutch Cricket Association.
The Ireland men's cricket team represents all of Ireland in international cricket. The Irish Cricket Union, operating under the brand Cricket Ireland, is the sport's governing body in Ireland, and they organise the international team.
The Afghanistan men's national cricket team represents Afghanistan in international cricket. Cricket has been played in Afghanistan since the mid-19th century, but it was only in the early 21st century that the national team began to enjoy success. The Afghanistan Cricket Board was formed in 1995, becoming an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2001 and a member of the cricket confederation, Asian Cricket Council (ACC) in 2003. After nearly a decade of playing international cricket, on 22 June 2017 full ICC membership was granted to Afghanistan. Alongside Ireland, this took the number of Test cricket playing nations to twelve. Afghanistan is the first country to achieve Full Member status after holding Affiliate Membership of the ICC. In view of the persistent conflict and insecurity in Afghanistan, following this status, the team moved to a new home ground in Dehradun, in India. The current home ground of the Afghanistan Men's Cricket team is the Sharjah Cricket Stadium in the UAE.
The Oman men's national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Oman in international matches and is governed by Oman Cricket, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000, and gained associate status in 2014. The national side has played matches at the Twenty20 International level. On 24 April 2019, Oman achieved One-Day International status for the first time until 2023, after they beat tournament hosts Namibia by four wickets in 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two.
The Papua New Guinea men's national cricket team, nicknamed the Barramundis, is the team that represents the country of Papua New Guinea in international cricket. The team is organised by Cricket PNG, which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1973. Papua New Guinea previously had One-Day International (ODI) status, which it gained by finishing fourth in 2014 World Cup Qualifier. Papua New Guinea lost both their ODI and T20I status in March 2018 after losing a playoff match against Nepal during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier, a result that earned ODI and T20I status for their opponents. On 26 April 2019, Papua New Guinea defeated Oman to secure a top-four finish in the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two and reclaim their ODI status.
The Botswana national cricket team is the men's team that represents Botswana in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 2005, after previously being an affiliate member since 2001 and an associate member in 2017. They are in Division Five of the World Cricket League and are ranked at joint 29th in the world by the International Cricket Council (ICC). They are the 5th-highest ranked non-Test team in the African region. The team's coach is former Kenyan ODI player Joseph Angara, who was appointed in July 2015.
The Thailand women's national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Thailand in international women's cricket matches. Thailand is one of the strongest associate teams in women's international cricket and has been ranked as high as tenth in the ICC Women's T20I rankings.
The Namibia men's national cricket team, nicknamed the Eagles, is the men's team that represents the Republic of Namibia in international cricket. It is organised by Cricket Namibia, which became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1992.
Women's Twenty20 international (WT20I) is the shortest form of women's international cricket. A women's Twenty20 international is a 20 overs-per-side cricket match between two of the International Cricket Council (ICC) members. The first Twenty20 International match was held in August 2004 between England and New Zealand, six months before the first Twenty20 International match was played between two men's teams. The ICC Women's World Twenty20, the highest-level event in the format, was first held in 2009.
Merwe Gerhard Erasmus is a Namibian cricketer, and the current captain of the Namibia cricket team.
The 2018 international cricket season was from May 2018 to September 2018. 16 Test matches, 27 One-day Internationals (ODIs) and 33 Twenty20 International (T20Is), as well as 14 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 81 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period.
The 2018–19 international cricket season was from September 2018 to April 2019. 34 Test matches, 92 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 74 Twenty20 International (T20Is), as well as 28 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 130 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. In October 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) introduced separate rankings for women's ODIs and T20Is for the first time, with Australia women leading both tables.
The 2019 international cricket season was from May 2019 to September 2019. The 2019 Cricket World Cup in England and Wales took place during this time, starting on 30 May 2019. 10 Test matches, 78 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 109 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), as well as 1 Women's Test, 9 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 130 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were played during this period. Additionally, a number of other T20I/WT20I matches were also scheduled to be played in minor series involving associate nations. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. On 3 May, the International Cricket Council (ICC) expanded the men's T20I rankings to include all current Full Member and Associate members of the ICC, featuring 80 teams. In the women's rankings, Australia women lead both the WODI and WT20I tables.
The 2019–20 international cricket season was from September 2019 to April 2020. 29 Test matches, 78 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 145 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), as well as 23 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and 61 Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is), were scheduled to be played during this period. Additionally, a number of other T20I/WT20I matches were also scheduled to be played in minor series involving associate nations. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, England leading the ODI rankings and Pakistan leading the Twenty20 rankings. In the women's rankings, Australia women lead both the WODI and WT20I tables. The 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia took place during this time, starting on 21 February 2020, with hosts Australia winning the tournament for the fifth time.