List of blues standards

Last updated

"Sweet Home Chicago" performed at the White House with Barack Obama joining B.B. King on the chorus Barack Obama singing in the East Room.jpg
"Sweet Home Chicago" performed at the White House with Barack Obama joining B.B. King on the chorus

Blues standards are blues songs that have attained a high level of recognition due to having been widely performed and recorded. [1] They represent the best known and most interpreted blues songs that are seen as standing the test of time. [2] Blues standards come from different eras and styles, such as ragtime-vaudeville, Delta and other early acoustic styles, and urban blues from Chicago and the West Coast. [3]

Contents

Many blues songs were developed in American folk music traditions and individual songwriters are sometimes unidentified. [1] Blues historian Gerard Herzhaft noted:

In the case of very old blues songs, there is the constant recourse to oral tradition that conveyed the tune and even the song itself while at the same time evolving for several decades. This was long before the first recording. The fact that such blues are attributed to Charlie Patton, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and Blind Blake often means that they were the first to record them. [1]

Compounding the problem is that, in the earlier days, many blues songs were not copyrighted. [1] Later, the rights were claimed by those who recorded a subsequent version or were managers or record company owners. [1] [lower-alpha 1]

Nearly one half of the blues standards listed were first recorded in the pre-World War II acoustic blues era, before music publications tracked the sales of blues records. [7] Many popular renditions, as reflected in the record charts, are more modern versions featuring electric instruments. For example, Robert Johnson and Tampa Red, who were the first to record the most blues standards on the list at four each, performed them as solo or duo acoustic performances. B.B. King and Muddy Waters, with the most standards on the charts at five each, [8] used electric blues-ensemble arrangements.

Music journalist Richie Unterberger commented on the adaptability of blues: "From its inception, the blues has always responded to developments in popular music as a whole: the use of guitar and piano in American folk and gospel, the percussive rhythms of jazz, the lyrics of Tin Pan Alley, and the widespread use of amplification and electric instruments all helped shape the evolution of the blues." [9] Blues standards that appeared on the main charts [lower-alpha 2] in the 1960s and 1970s often had been recorded by rhythm and blues, soul, and rock musicians. [10] Each song listed has been identified by five or more music writers as a blues standard. Spellings and titles may differ; the most common are used.

List

List of blues standards, with title, first recorded by, year, charting single(s), and references
TitleFirst recorded byYearCharting single(s) by [lower-alpha 2] Refs
"Ain't Nobody's Business"Anna Meyers with the Original Memphis Five
1922
[11]
"All Your Love (I Miss Loving)" Otis Rush
1958
[12]
"Baby, Please Don't Go" Big Joe Williams
1935
[13]
"Baby What You Want Me to Do" Jimmy Reed
1960
[14]
"Blues with a Feeling" Rabon Tarrant
1947
Little Walter (1953) [15]
"Boom Boom" John Lee Hooker
1962
[16]
"Born Under a Bad Sign" Albert King
1967
[17]
"Caldonia" Louis Jordan
1945
[18]
"Catfish Blues" Robert Petway
1941
Muddy Waters (1951 as "Still a Fool") [19]
"Crosscut Saw" Tommy McClennan
1941
Albert King (1967) [20]
"Crossroads" Robert Johnson
1936
Cream (1969) [21]
"Don't You Lie to Me" Tampa Red
1940
[22]
"Driftin' Blues" Johnny Moore's Three Blazers 1945 [23]
"Dust My Broom" Robert Johnson
1936
Elmore James (1952) [24]
"Every Day I Have the Blues" Pinetop Sparks
1935
[25]
"Farther Up the Road" Bobby Bland
1957
Bobby Bland (1957) [26]
"Five Long Years" Eddie Boyd
1952
[27]
"Forty-Four" Roosevelt Sykes
1929
[28]
"Goin' Down Slow" St. Louis Jimmy Oden
1941
Bobby Bland (1974) [29]
"Good Morning Little Schoolgirl" Sonny Boy Williamson I
1937
Smokey Hogg (1950 as "Little School Girl") [30]
"Got My Mojo Working" Muddy Waters
1956
Jimmy Smith (1966) [31]
"Help Me" Sonny Boy Williamson II
1963
Sonny Boy Williamson II (1963) [32]
"Hide Away" Freddie King
1961
[33]
"Hoochie Coochie Man" Muddy Waters
1954
[34]
"How Long Blues" Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell
1928
[35]
"I Can't Quit You Baby" Otis Rush
1956
Otis Rush (1956) [36]
"I'm a Man" Bo Diddley
1955
[37]
"I'm Ready" Muddy Waters
1954
Muddy Waters (1954) [38]
"It Hurts Me Too" Tampa Red
1940
[39]
"Kansas City" Little Willie Littlefield
1952
[40]
"Key to the Highway" Charlie Segar
1940
Little Walter (1958) [41]
"Killing Floor" Howlin' Wolf
1964
[42]
"Little Red Rooster" Howlin' Wolf
1961
[43]
"Mean Old World" T-Bone Walker
1942
Little Walter (1953) [44]
"My Babe" Little Walter
1955
[45]
"Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" Bessie Smith
1929
[46]
"Reconsider Baby" Lowell Fulson
1954
Lowell Fulson (1954) [47]
"Rock Me Baby" Lil' Son Jackson
1950
B.B. King (1964) [48]
"Rollin' and Tumblin'" Hambone Willie Newbern
1929
[49]
"See See Rider" Ma Rainey
1924
[50]
"Sitting on Top of the World" Mississippi Sheiks
1930
[51]
" The Sky Is Crying " Elmore James
1960
Elmore James (1960) [52]
"Spoonful" Howlin' Wolf
1960
Etta James & Harvey Fuqua (1961) [53]
"Stormy Monday" T-Bone Walker
1948
[54]
"Sugar Mama" Tampa Red
1934
[55]
"Sweet Home Chicago" Robert Johnson
1936
Junior Parker (1958) [56]
"Sweet Little Angel" Lucille Bogan
1930
B.B. King (1956) [57]
"That's All Right" Jimmy Rogers
1950
[58]
" The Things That I Used to Do " Guitar Slim
1953
[59]
" The Thrill Is Gone " Roy Hawkins
1951
[60]
"Trouble in Mind" Bertha "Chippie" Hill
1926
[61]
"Walkin' Blues" Robert Johnson [lower-alpha 3]
1936
Muddy Waters (1948 as "I Feel Like Going Home") [64]
"Worried Life Blues" Big Maceo
1941
[65]
"You've Got to Love Her with a Feeling" Tampa Red
1938
Freddie King (1961) [66]
A dash ( — ) denotes a song that did not appear on a record chart.

See also

Footnotes

  1. For example, "Crosscut Saw" is usually attributed to Tommy McClennan, whose 1941 recording was the first to be released (Tony Hollins, who recorded a version three months earlier that was unissued until 1992, has also been mentioned). [4] In 1964, R. G. Ford, a Memphis, Tennessee, attorney, filed for the copyright in his own name after a group he represented recorded the tune. [5] Ford is listed as the songwriter on records by Albert King (who popularized the song in 1967) and most subsequent releases. Some commentators, who may be unfamiliar with the song's origins, have referred to "Crosscut Saw" as "the R. G. Ford song". [6]
  2. 1 2 The singles charts on which the standards appear are: Billboard's Race/R&B/Soul/Black and Hot 100 singles charts; Australian singles charts; Canadian RPM singles charts; and UK Singles Charts. The individual citations are included in the "Refs" column entries.
  3. A "test disc" of "Walking Blues", recorded by Son House for Paramount Records in 1930, was not discovered until 1989: [62] "[Robert] Johnson must have learned the lyrics from House's live performances ... Johnson straightened out House's somewhat idiosyncratic musical accompaniment, and in the process created a song that would, by and by, become a blues standard." [63]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slide guitar</span> Guitar technique

Slide guitar is a technique for playing the guitar that is often used in blues music. It involves playing a guitar while holding a hard object against the strings, creating the opportunity for glissando effects and deep vibratos that reflect characteristics of the human singing voice. It typically involves playing the guitar in the traditional position with the use of a slide fitted on one of the guitarist's fingers. The slide may be a metal or glass tube, such as the neck of a bottle, giving rise to the term bottleneck guitar to describe this type of playing. The strings are typically plucked while the slide is moved over the strings to change the pitch. The guitar may be placed on the player's lap and played with a hand-held bar.

Electric blues is blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments. The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s. Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues. By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier. Although it took a little longer, the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand-up bass by the early 1960s. Electric organs and especially keyboards later became widely used in electric blues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross Road Blues</span> 1936 blues song by Robert Johnson

"Cross Road Blues" is a song written by the American blues artist Robert Johnson. He performed it solo with his vocal and acoustic slide guitar in the Delta blues style. The song has become part of the Robert Johnson mythology as referring to the place where he sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for musical genius. This is based largely on folklore of the American South that identifies a crossroads as the site where Faustian bargains can be made, as the lyrics do not contain any references to Satan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spoonful</span> Blues standard first recorded by Howlin Wolf

"Spoonful" is a blues song written by Willie Dixon and first recorded in 1960 by Howlin' Wolf. Called "a stark and haunting work", it is one of Dixon's best known and most interpreted songs. Etta James and Harvey Fuqua had a pop and R&B record chart hit with their duet cover of "Spoonful" in 1961, and it was popularized in the late 1960s by the British rock group Cream.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baby, Please Don't Go</span> Traditional blues standard

"Baby, Please Don't Go" is a traditional blues song that was popularized by Delta blues musician Big Joe Williams in 1935. Many cover versions followed, leading to its description as "one of the most played, arranged, and rearranged pieces in blues history" by French music historian Gérard Herzhaft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dust My Broom</span> Blues standard

"Dust My Broom" is a blues song originally recorded as "I Believe I'll Dust My Broom" by American blues artist Robert Johnson in 1936. It is a solo performance in the Delta blues-style with Johnson's vocal accompanied by his acoustic guitar. As with many of his songs, it is based on earlier blues songs, the earliest of which has been identified as "I Believe I'll Make a Change", recorded by the Sparks brothers as "Pinetop and Lindberg" in 1932. Johnson's guitar work features an early use of a boogie rhythm pattern, which is seen as a major innovation, as well as a repeating triplets figure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rock Me Baby (song)</span> Blues standard popularized by B.B. King and Muddy Waters

"Rock Me Baby" is a blues standard that has become one of the most recorded blues songs of all time. It originated as "Rockin' and Rollin'", a 1951 song by Lil' Son Jackson, itself inspired by earlier blues. Renditions by Muddy Waters and B.B. King made the song well-known. When B.B. King's recording of "Rock Me Baby" was released in 1964, it became his first single to reach the Top 40 in Billboard magazine's Hot 100 chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Five Long Years</span> Blues standard written by Eddie Boyd

"Five Long Years" is a song written and recorded by blues vocalist and pianist Eddie Boyd in 1952. Called one of the "few postwar blues standards [that has] retained universal appeal", Boyd's "Five Long Years" reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart. Numerous blues and other artists have recorded interpretations of the song.

"One Way Out" is a blues song that was recorded in the early 1960s by both Sonny Boy Williamson II and Elmore James. A reworking of the song by G. L. Crockett, titled "It's a Man Down Here", appeared on the Billboard record charts in 1965. In 1971, the Allman Brothers Band recorded an updated live version of the song, which was included on their popular Eat a Peach album (1972).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trouble in Mind (song)</span> Early blues standard written by Richard M. Jones

"Trouble in Mind" is a vaudeville blues-style song written by jazz pianist Richard M. Jones. Singer Thelma La Vizzo with Jones on piano first recorded it in 1924 and in 1926, Bertha "Chippie" Hill popularized the tune with her recording with Jones and trumpeter Louis Armstrong. The song became an early blues standard, with numerous renditions by a variety of musicians in a variety of styles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Sky Is Crying (song)</span> Blues standard written by Elmore James

"The Sky Is Crying" is a blues standard written and initially recorded by Elmore James in 1959. Called "one of his most durable compositions", "The Sky Is Crying" became a R&B record chart hit and has been interpreted and recorded by numerous artists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Driftin' Blues</span> Blues standard

"Driftin' Blues" or "Drifting Blues" is a blues standard, recorded by Johnny Moore's Three Blazers in 1945. The song is a slow blues and features Charles Brown's smooth, soulful vocals and piano. It was one of the biggest blues hits of the 1940s and "helped define the burgeoning postwar West Coast blues style". "Driftin' Blues" has been interpreted and recorded by numerous artists in various styles. The Blues Foundation Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame have acknowledged the influence and lasting popularity of the song.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forty-Four</span> Blues standard written by Roosevelt Sykes

"Forty-Four" or "44 Blues" is a blues standard whose origins have been traced back to early 1920s Louisiana. However, it was Roosevelt Sykes, who provided the lyrics and first recorded it in 1929, that helped popularize the song. "Forty-Four," through numerous adaptations and recordings, remains in the blues lexicon eighty years later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Every Day I Have the Blues</span> Blues standard

"Every Day I Have the Blues" is a blues song that has been performed in a variety of styles. An early version of the song is attributed to Pinetop Sparks and his brother Milton. It was first performed in the taverns of St. Louis by the Sparks brothers and was recorded July 28, 1935 by Pinetop with Henry Townsend on guitar. The song is a twelve-bar blues that features Pinetop's piano and falsetto vocal. The opening verse includes the line "Every day, every day I have the blues".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baby What You Want Me to Do</span> Blues standard written by Jimmy Reed

"Baby What You Want Me to Do" is a blues song that was written and recorded by Jimmy Reed in 1959. It was a record chart hit for Reed and, as with several of his songs, it has appeal across popular music genres, with numerous recordings by a variety of musical artists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crosscut Saw (song)</span> Blues standard popularized by Albert King

"Crosscut Saw", or "Cross Cut Saw Blues" as it was first called, is a hokum-style song "that must have belonged to the general repertoire of the Delta blues". Mississippi bluesman Tommy McClennan's recording of the song was released in 1941 and has since been interpreted by many blues artists. "Crosscut Saw" became an early R&B chart hit for Albert King, "who made it one of the necessary pieces of modern blues".

"Too Many Drivers" is a blues song recorded by Big Bill Broonzy in 1939. It is performed in an acoustic ensemble-style of early Chicago blues and the lyrics use double entendre often found in hokum-style blues songs. The song has been identified as one of Broonzy's more popular tunes and has been recorded over the years by a variety of artists, who often who use alternate titles, such as "Little Car Blues", "Little Side Car", "Automobile Blues", and "Let Me Ride Your Little Automobile".

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Herzhaft 1992, p. 435.
  2. Barrett & Garcia 2010, p. 73.
  3. Herzhaft 1992, pp. 436, 440, 442.
  4. O'Neal & van Singel 2002, p. 208
  5. Olsson 1970, p. 112
  6. Pendragon, Jana. "Corey Stevens & Texas Flood: Blue Drops of Rain Review". AllMusic . Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  7. Whitburn 1988, p. 14.
  8. Whitburn 1988, pp. 239, 435.
  9. Unterberger 1996, p. 381.
  10. Whitburn 1988 , pp. 59, 60, 101, 158, 295, 391, 453; "Them – Singles". Official Charts . Retrieved February 21, 2023.; "Cream: Chart history – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard . Retrieved February 21, 2023; Russo & Hinman 2001 , p. 45; "Rolling Stones – Singles". Official Charts . Retrieved February 21, 2023.; Russo 1994 , p. 21; Billboard 1969 , p. 96; Billboard 1966 , p. 24
  11. Alexander 2003 , p. 63; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Booker 2022 , p. 107; Erlewine 2003 , p. 71; Hal Leonard 2013 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 436; Oliver 1968 , p. 16; Simmons n.d. , Review; Sullivan 2017 , p. 198; Talevski 2010 , p. 728; Whitburn 1988 , p. 465; "H20 featuring Billie – Singles". Official Charts . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  12. Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 436; Huxley 1995 , eBook; McHugh 2003 , p. 272; Obrecht 2000 , p. 9; Sammon 2015 , eBook
  13. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Bienstock 2020 , p. 176; Eagle & LeBlanc 2013 , p. 111; Erlewine 2003 , p. 712; Guralnick 1982 , p. 1965; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 437; Komara 2005 , p. 39; Milward 2013 , p. 64; Perone 2019 , p. 176; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whitburn 1988 , p. 469; Whitburn 2008 , p. 438; "Them – Singles". Official Charts . Retrieved February 21, 2023.; Walker 2011 , p. 148
  14. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; BSN 1999 , p. 28; Boyd 2012 , eBook; Cummings-Yeates 2014 , eBook; Friedland 2004 , p. 80; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 437; Sing Out 1993 , p. 81; Whitburn 1988 , p. 469
  15. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 440; McMullen, Steve. "Steve Hackett: Blues With a Feeling – Review". AllMusic . Retrieved January 11, 2018.; Sokolow 2014 , eBook; Whitburn 1988 , p. 472
  16. Amicone 2001 , p. YE-29; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Blues Revue 2005 , p. 82; Edmondson 2013 , p. 564; Morris 2001 , p. 70; Wise 2010 , eBook; Whitburn 1988 , p. 473; Billboard 1964 , p. 26
  17. Cadence 1992 , p. 100; Evans & Kingsbury 2009 , p. 210; Gee 2013 , p. 194, fn 1; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Hildebrand 1994 , p. 13; Jet 1993 , p. 649; Kemp 2004 , p. 40; Kingwell 2020 , eBook; Klein 2001 , p. 48; Life 2009 , eBook; Murray 1991 , p. 141; Perone 2019 , p. 22; Santelli 2001 , p. 107; Shapiro 1992 , p. 89; Stang 1998 , p. 4; Swenson 1999 , p. 649; Whiteley 2003 , p. 10; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , p. 473; "RPM 100". RPM . Vol. 12, no. 15. November 29, 1969. p. 7. ISSN   0315-5994.
  18. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 441; Leggett, Steve. "Various Artists: Blues Story[Shout! Factory] – Review". AllMusic . Retrieved January 27, 2018.; Marcus 2011 , p. 65; Whitburn 1988 , p. 474
  19. Bokelman & Evans 2022 , eBook fn 14; BSN 1999 , p. 28; Cotner 2001 , p. 201; Cummings-Yeates 2014 , eBook; Danchin 2001 , p. 275; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 441; Moseley 1996 , p. 83; Moskowitz 2010 , p. 114; Simmons n.d. , Review; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Whitburn 1988 , p. 553
  20. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Goldberg 1969 , p. 32; Grazian 2003 , p. 4; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 443; Komara 2005 , p. 568; Murray 1991 , p. 141; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whitburn 1988 , p. 479
  21. Barnet, Nemerov & Taylor 2004 , p. 99; Conforth & Wardlow 2019 , p. 265; Erlewine 2003 , p. 64; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1936; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 443; Manheim 2019 , p. 56; Mark & Vaughan 2004 , p. 239; Noad 2002 , p. 125; Pellegrino 2012 , p. 73; Santelli 2001 , p. 107; Scott 2015 , eBook; Swenson 1999 , p. 574; Verna 1995 , p. 152; "Cream: Chart history – The Hot 100". Billboard . Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  22. Cadence 1977 , p. 22; Encyclopaedia Universalis 2019 , eBook; Guralnick 1982 , p. 66; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 445; Larkin 2013 , p. 334
  23. Evans 2005 , p. 104; Evans & Kingsbury 2009 , p. 210; Farley 2011 , p. 137; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 445; Life 2009 , eBook; Perone 2019 , p. 33; Whitburn 1988 , p. 485
  24. Barnet, Nemerov & Taylor 2004 , p. 99; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; BSN 2002 , p. 40; Conforth & Wardlow 2019 , p. 265; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1936; Komara 2005 , p. 21; Grazian 2003 , p. 214; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 446; Living Blues 2008 , p. 56; Manheim 2019 , p. 56; Milward 2013 , p. xiii; Mark & Vaughan 2004 , p. 239; Palmer 1981 , p. 128; Pegg 2013 , p. 164; Scott 2015 , eBook; Segrest & Hoffman 2004 , p. 241; Simmons n.d. , Review; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Talevski 2010 , p. 719; Unterberger & Hicks 1999 , p. 196; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , p. 485
  25. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Buffett 1998 , p. 10; Driggs & Haddix 2006 , p. 224; Grazian 2003 , p. 159; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 447; Mansfield 1998 , p. 116; Rothwell 2001 , p. 158; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , p. 487
  26. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Big City Blues 1999 , p. 55; Erlewine 2001 , p. 218; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Oklahoma Today 1999 , p. 48; Whitburn 1988 , p. 488
  27. Blues Foundation 2011; Erlewine 2003 , p. 64; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 448; Komara 2005 , pp. 1014–1015; Larkin 2013 , p. lx; Murray 2013 , p. 236; Santelli 2001 , p. 61; Steinberg 2012 , p. XIII; Wyman & Havers 2001 , p. 300; Whitburn 1988 , p. 489
  28. Evans 1982 , p. 340; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 448; Living Blues 1983 , p. 12; Rogers 2022 , p. 107; Segrest & Hoffman 2004 , eBook; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Szatmary 2000 , p. 183
  29. Blues Foundation 2002; Glover, Dirks & Gaines 2002 , eBook; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 449; JAF 1973 , p. 423; Komara 2005 , p. 732; Rees & Crampton 1999 , p. 105; Simmons n.d. , Review; Sullivan 2017 , p. 170; Weissman 2005 , p. 155; Whitburn 1988 , p. 494
  30. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Erlewine 2002 , p. 482; Evans 2005 , p. 197; Field 2000 , p. 166; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 449; Komara 2005 , p. 670; Living Blues 2005 , p. 67; Milward 2013 , eBook; Palmer 1981 , p. 145; Perone 2019 , p. 178; Skinner Sawyers 1991 , p. 295; Sullivan 2017 , p. 132; Whitburn 1988 , p. 523
  31. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Cadence 1998 , p. 22; Ford 1979 , p. 63; GPI 2007 , p. 7; Hawkins 2016 , p. 248; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 449; Living Blues 2008 , p. 61; Marks & McIntyre 2010 , p. 278; O'Neal 1984; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Whiteis 2019 , eBook; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , p. 495
  32. George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1959; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 450; Living Blues 1991 , p. 52; Michelsen & Tygstrup 2015 , p. 187; Szatmary 2000 , p. 183; Unterberger & Hicks 1999 , p. 249; Whitburn 1988 , p. 498
  33. Corcoran 2017 , p. 106; DeCurtis, Henke & George-Warren 1992 , p. 398; Emerson 2004 , p. 39; Erlewine 2003 , p. 304; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 451; Smith 2013 , p. 46; Sokolow 1998 , eB; Swenson 1999 , p. 67; Whitburn 1988 , p. 499; Whitburn 2008 , p. 451
  34. Archard 2005 , p. 10; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Chambers 2005 , p. 286, fn 8; Dann 2019 , p. 11; Erlewine 2003 , p. 214; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 452; Milward 2013 , p. 14; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Talevski 2010 , pp. 134–135; Tolinski & di Perna 2016 , eBook; Urban & Evdokimov 2004 , p. 160; Wise 2011 , eBook; Whitburn 1988 , p. 511
  35. Burrows 2020 , eBook; Danchin 2005 , p. 62; Elledge 2018 , eBook; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Hardy & Laing 1995 , p. 150; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 453; Hoffmann 2005 , p. 62; Living Blues 2005 , p. 67; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Talevski 2010 , p. 72; Tracy 2015 , p. 119; Weissman 2005 , p. 36; Williamson 2007b , p. 100;Wirt 2014 , p. 12; Wyman & Havers 2001 , p. 162
  36. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Erlewine 2001 , p. 520; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; McHugh 2003 , p. 272; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 453; Hoffmann 2005 , p. 62; McParland 2019 , p. 31; Schinder & Schwartz 2008 , p. 385; Sokolow 1998 , eBook; Spitz 2021 , p. 31; Williamson 2007a , p. 43; Whitburn 1988 , p. 502
  37. Charlesworth & Hanel 2010 , eBook; Clapton 2007 , p. 49; Ford 1979 , p. 63; Gregory 2019 , eBook, fn 15; Grazian 2003 , p. 54; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Hall, Grindstaff & Lo 2010 , eBook; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 454; Living Blues 1987 , p. 19; Marshall 2008 , p. 10; McIntyre 2006 , p. 55; Millard 2004 , p. 153; Murphy 2008 , p. 72; Shapiro, Heatley & Mayer 2009 , p. 53; Wheatley 2013 , eBook; Whitburn 1988 , pp. 509, 529; Russo & Hinman 2001 , p. 45
  38. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Bienstock 2020 , p. 176; Dann 2019 , p. 11; Erlewine 2003 , p. 421; Grazian 2003 , p. 159; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 454; Hoffmann 2005 , p. 62; Whitburn 1988 , p. 511
  39. AHS 1977 , p. 103; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; BSN 2002 , p. 40; Encyclopaedia Universalis 2019 , eBook; Guralnick 1982 , p. 1905; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 455; JAF 1978 , p. 742; Larkin 2013 , p. 1932; Obrecht 2000 , p. 4; Scott 2015 , eBook; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whitburn 1988 , p. 515
  40. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Brown 2009 , eBook; Buffett 1998 , p. 10; Goldberg 1969 , p. 32; Hal Leonard 2013 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 456; Living Blues 2005 , p. 67; Marsh 1999 , p. 125; Weissman 2005 , p. 103; Whitburn 1988 , p. 518; "Hot 100". Billboard . Vol. 71, no. 20. May 18, 1959. p. 41. ISSN   0006-2510.; "Hot 100". Billboard . Vol. 76, no. 1. January 4, 1964. p. 18. ISSN   0006-2510.
  41. Blues Foundation 2010; Blues Revue 2005 , p. 88; Erlewine 2003 , p. 214; Glover, Dirks & Gaines 2002 , p. 184; Hal Leonard 2013 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 457; Komara 2005 , p. 563; Living Blues 1991 , p. 78; Simmons n.d. , Review; Weissman 2005 , p. 29; Whitburn 1988 , p. 519
  42. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Devi 2012 , p. xv; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 457; Komara 2005 , p. 472; Moskowitz 2010 , p. 112; Perone 2019 , p. 22; Shapiro, Heatley & Mayer 2009 , p. 53; Sokolow 1998 , eBook; Talevski 1998 , p. 180
  43. Brackett 2004 , p. 836; Erlewine 2001 , p. 520; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 467; Hoffmann 2005 , p. 62; Komara 2005 , p. 21; Marshall 2008 , p. 10; Perone 2019 , p. 41; Rees & Crampton 1999; Talevski 2010 , pp. 134–135; Whitburn 1988 , p. 523; "Rolling Stones – Singles". Official Charts . Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  44. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Glover, Dirks & Gaines 2002 , eBook; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 461; Komara 2005 , pp. 1014–1015; Living Blues 2008 , p. 56; Pegg 2013 , p. 164; Sokolow 1998 , eBook; Whitburn 1988 , p. 529
  45. AHA 1994 , p. 85; BM 1982; Erlewine 2003 , p. 421; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Hay 2005 , p. 75; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 463; Talevski 2010 , pp. 134–135; Whitburn 1988 , p. 532; Whitburn 2008 , p. 466
  46. Clark Hine 2005 , p. 150; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 464; Hischak 2002 , p. 267; Hjort 2007 , p. 314; Luhrssen & Larson 2017 , p. 93; Morris 2003 , p. 5; Perone 2021 , p. 139; Rodriguez 2010 , p. 164; Sandage 2009 , p. 268; Whitburn 1988 , p. 535
  47. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Collis 1998 , p. 153; Farley 2011 , p. 127; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1867; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Hardy & Laing 1995 , p. 345; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 467; Larkin 2013 , p. 1825; Living Blues 2008 , p. 56; O'Neal 1993; Whitburn 1988 , p. 543
  48. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Doggett 2012 , eBook; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1967; Hjort 2007 , p. 212; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , pp. 467–468; Komara 2005 , p. 21; Living Blues 2008 , p. 56; Murray 1991 , p. 145; Obrecht 2018 , p. 98; Palmer 1981 , p. 206; Whitburn 1988 , p. 544
  49. Brackett 2004 , p. 58; Dann 2019 , p. 11; Eagle & LeBlanc 2013 , p. 240; Erlewine 2001 , p. 531; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 468; Komara 2005 , p. 722; Obrecht 2018 , p. 117; Palmer 1981 , p. 128; Santelli 2001 , p. 107; Simmons n.d. , Review; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Szatmary 2000 , p. 183; Russo 1994 , p. 21; Williamson 2007b , p. 30; Billboard 1969 , p. 96
  50. BSN 2002 , p. 40; Danchin 2005 , p. 62; Edmondson 2013 , p. 938; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1959; Hal Leonard 2013 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 469; Hoffmann 2005 , p. 280; Komara 2005 , p. 190; Luhrssen & Larson 2017 , p. 333; Marsh 1999 , p. 168; Perone 2019 , p. 130; Santelli 2001 , p. 522; Talevski 1998 , p. 62; Wyman & Havers 2001 , p. 290; Whitburn 1988 , pp. 474, 546; Billboard 1966 , p. 24
  51. Friedwald 2010 , p. 786; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 470; Kemp 2004 , p. 40; Oliver 2001 , pp. 186–187; Palmer 1981 , p. 110; Scott 2015 , eBook; Shapiro 1992 , p. 89; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whiteley 2003 , p. 30; Whiteis 2013 , p. 86
  52. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 471; McKittrick 2020 , eBook; Perone 2019 , pp. 81–82; Primo 1977 , p. 45; Talevski 1998 , p. 191; Wynne 2007 , p. 140; Whitburn 1988 , p. 549
  53. Archard 2005 , p. 10; Brackett 2004 , p. 836; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Blues Revue 2005 , p. 88; Bukszpan 2019 , p. 148; Erlewine 2001 , p. 520; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , pp. 471–472; Perone 2019 , p. 41; Santelli 2001 , p. 107; Whitburn 1988 , p. 552
  54. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Buffett 1998 , p. 10; Evans 2005 , p. 104; Ford 1979 , p. 63; Gussow 2007 , p. 95; Hal Leonard 2013 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , pp. 472–473; Murray 1991 , p. 145; Southern 1997 , p. 509; Stang 1998 , p. 2; Talevski 2010 , p. 390; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , pp. 474, 554
  55. Encyclopaedia Universalis 2019 , eBook; Evans 1982 , p. 197; Garon 2003 , p. 87; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 473; Perone 2019 , p. 179; Field 2000 , p. 166; Moseley 1996 , p. 83; Simmons n.d. , Review; Skinner Sawyers 1991 , p. 295
  56. Barnet, Nemerov & Taylor 2004 , p. 99; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; BSN 2002 , p. 40; Conforth & Wardlow 2019 , p. 265; Danchin 2001 , p. 272; Devi 2012 , p. 141; Erlewine 2003 , p. 64; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1936; Grazian 2003 , p. 151; Hal Leonard 2005 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 473; Manheim 2019 , p. 56; Mark & Vaughan 2004 , p. 239; Milward 2013 , p. xiii; New York 2000 , p. 74; Scott 2015 , eBook; Yamin 2018 , p. 172; Whitburn 1988 , p. 556
  57. AHS 1977 , p. 103; Barlow 1983 , p. 326; Doggett 2012 , eBook; Encyclopaedia Universalis 2019 , eBook; Guralnick 1982 , p. 1905; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 473; Larkin 2013 , p. 334; Living Blues 1996 , p. 92; Obrecht 2000 , p. 4; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whitburn 1988 , p. 556
  58. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Blues Foundation 2016; Darwen 1989 , p. 1; Malvinni 2013 , p. 8; Nadel 1988 , p. 166; Palmer 1981 , p. 181; Perone 2019 , p. 84
  59. Arnett Ervin 1999 , p. 184; Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; BSN 1999 , p. 28; Eagle & LeBlanc 2013 , p. 98; George-Warren & Pareles 1995 , p. 1989; Herzhaft 1992 , pp. 474–475; JAF 1973 , p. 423; Malvinni 2013 , p. 8; Perone 2019 , p. 57; Rothwell 2001 , p. 110; Sokolow 1998 , eBook; Tracy 1999 , p. 449; Whitburn 1988 , p. 560
  60. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Big City Blues 2001 , p. 48; Finkelman 2009 , p. 96; Gussow 2007 , p. 95; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 475; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; New York 2000 , p. 74; Whiteis 2019 , eBook; Wiley 1993 , p. 275; Wynne 2009 , p. 96; Whitburn 1988 , p. 561
  61. Driggs & Haddix 2006 , p. 220; Friedwald 2010 , p. 669; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 476; Morris 2003 , p. 5; Oliver 2001 , p. 205; Perone 2019 , p. 56; Riesman 2011 , p. 212; Simmons n.d. , Review; Weissman 2005 , p. 221; Whitburn 1988 , p. 563
  62. Beaumont 2011, pp. 70–72.
  63. Beaumont 2011, p. 91.
  64. Barrett & Garcia 2010 , p. 74; Beaumont 2011 , p. 91; Hal Leonard 1996 , Song list; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 477; Manheim 2019 , p. 56; Parrish 2001 , p. 13; Tamarkin 2003 , p. 275; UC Davis 2006 , p. 766; Williamson 2007b , p. 137; Whitburn 1988 , p. 504
  65. AHS 1977 , p. 103; BSN 2002 , p. 40; Charone 2022 , eBook; Erlewine 2003 , p. 398; Guralnick 1982 , p. 1906; Komara 2005 , p. 305; Oliver 1964 , p. 29; Riesman 2011 , p. 142; Rothwell 2001 , p. 89; Simmons n.d. , Review; Whitburn 1988 , pp. 560, 573
  66. Blues Unlimited 1988 , p. 40;Corcoran 2017 , p. 106; Guralnick 1982 , p. 66; Herzhaft 1992 , p. 459; Larkin 2013 , p. 1932; JAF 1978 , p. 742; Obrecht 2000 , p. 4; Spitz 1991 , eBook; "Freddy King: Chart History – Billboard Hot 100". Billboard . Retrieved May 6, 2019.

Bibliography