List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces

The roundel that is featured on most VPA's armed military vehicles.

During the First Indochina War (1946 –1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.

Vietnamese Army troops on Spratly Island. (2009)

Vietnam prioritises economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defence procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defence industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

A Vietnamese soldier holding the previous standard issued rifle, the IWI ACE 32. (2017)

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute. ^[4]

Personal equipment

Name	Image	Type	Origin	Notes
Night vision
Night vision		Night-vision device	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. [5]
Headgears
Type A2 Helmet		Combat helmet	Vietnam	The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill.
Vietnamese pith helmet		Helmet	Vietnam	Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training.
Utility Cover		Kepi	Vietnam	Standard issue soft cover, consisting of a four-point front panel and an elastic backstrap. The cap's camouflage print is worn matching with field fatigues during patrols.
PASGT Helmet		Combat helmet	United States   Vietnam	Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel. [6] [7]
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet		Combat helmet	United States   Vietnam	Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176. [8]
Type High Cut Helmet		Combat helmet	United States   Vietnam	Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176. [9]
SSh-68		Combat helmet	Soviet Union	Limited use.
SSh-40		Combat helmet	Soviet Union	Limited use.
M1 Helmet		Combat helmet	United States	Limited use.
Body equipment
AG K53T Body Armour		Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition. [10]
7,62 K56 Body Armour		Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition. [10]
AG K51T Body Armour		Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition. [10]
Body Armour		Body armor	Vietnam	Limited use. NIJ level III [11]
Body Armour		Body armor	Vietnam	Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry. It will be standard issue in the future. Manufactured at the Z176 factory. [12] [8]
Marom Dolphin Fusion System		Body armor	Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. [13]
Flak jacket		Body armor	United States	Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units
Combat Leather Pads		Knee Pads Elbow Pads	Vietnam	Standard Issued along with the new K20 military uniform. [14]
Camouflage patterns
K-07 Woodland		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues. [15] [16]
K-17 Woodland		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military. [17] [18] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s.
K-17 Multi-Terrain		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
K20 Pattern, K21 Field Uniform [19]		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard. [14]
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage.
Thermal imaging anti-reconnaissance clothing		Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition. [10]
Ghillie suit		Ghillie suit	Vietnam	Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition. [10]
U.S. Woodland		Camouflage pattern	United States	Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20

Infantry weapons and weapon attachments

Model	Image	Type	Caliber	Origin	Notes
Accessories
ITL MARS		Red dot sight		Israel	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor.
Meprolight m21		Red dot sight		Israel	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE
NL-91, NL-92		Night vision sight		Vietnam	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE. [20]
Aimpoint PRO		Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on STV Rifles. [21]
Aimpoint CompM4		Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on AKM-1, limited uses. [22]
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight		Telescopic sight		United States	Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team. [23]
Pistols
K14VN		Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Vietnam	Standard issue service pistol alongside the K54. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds. [24] [25]
TT-33		Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union
Type 54/K54		Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	China   Vietnam	Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN.
IWI Jericho 941		Semi-automatic pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	Israel	Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory. [26] [27] [28]
Makarov pistol		Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59. [29]
Type 59/K59		Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	China
Browning Hi-Power		Semi-automatic pistol	9×19mm Parabellum	Belgium	Stored in reserves for shooting ranges.
CZ-82		Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	Czechoslovak Socialist Republic	Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. [29]
CZ P-07 Duty		Semi-automatic pistol	9x19 Parabellum	Czech Republic	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. [30]
Glock 19		Semi-automatic pistol	9x19 Parabellum	Austria	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.
Glock 34		Semi-automatic pistol	9x19 Parabellum	Austria	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.
M1911A1		Semi-automatic pistol	.45 ACP 7.62×25mm Tokarev	United States   Vietnam	Local copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev and captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during Vietnam War.
CornerShot		Weapon accessory		Israel	Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force. [31] [26]
Assault rifles
STV-215		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Vietnam	Standard issue rifle. Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215 mm. [32] [33]
STV-380
Galil ACE		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Israel   Vietnam	Manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380. The majority of them may have been transferred to Laos and since then rarely spotted in Vietnamese service. [34] [35] [36]
AKM		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Still being refurbished, old models are being converted to domestic AKM-1/AKn plasticized refurbishment. Succeeded and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380. [37] [38]
AKn		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail [39]
AKM-1		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail [40]
Type 56		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	China   Vietnam	Limited use. Refurbished to become AKn-equivalent and being replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-380/STV-215.
AMD-65		Assault rifle	7.62x39mm	Hungarian People's Republic
Type 58		Assault rifle	7.62x39mm	North Korea	Limited use. Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War.
CAR-15		Carbine	5.56×45mm NATO	United States   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, naval infantry and coast guard. Converted locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory, locally produced version of the XM177E2
IWI Tavor TAR-21		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and naval infantry. [34] [35]
vz. 58		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Czechoslovakia	Limited use. [41]
CZ 805 BREN		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Czech Republic	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
Special Operations Assault Rifle		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	United States	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[ citation needed ]
Tara TM4 Assault rifle		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Montenegro	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[ citation needed ]
FN FNC		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Belgium	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M16A1		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	United States   Vietnam	M16A1 and XM16E1 is used by militia forces in southern provinces. M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers.
M16A2E		Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	Vietnam   United States	Upgraded and manufactured locally as the M16A2VN base on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail [42]
SKS		Semi-automatic rifle	7.62×39mm M43	Soviet Union	Used by honour guards and militia forces.[ citation needed ]
Type 63		Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	China
M14		Battle rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	United States	Stored in reserves.
4MK4		Bolt-action rifle	.303 British	Vietnam   British Empire	Limited used by Militia Forces. [43]
Submachine guns
PP-19 Bizon		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Russia   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm. [44] [45]
Micro Uzi		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Israel   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory. [46]
Uzi Pro		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [46]
Škorpion		Submachine gun	.32 ACP	Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
CZ Scorpion Evo 3		Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	Czech Republic	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
PM-63		Machine pistol/Submachine gun	9×18mm Makarov	Polish People's Republic	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and guard police.[ citation needed ]
STV-022		Submachine gun / Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Vietnam	Derivative of the STV rifle. Used by bodyguard unit under the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army and other units.
Shotguns
Remington Model 870		Shotgun	12 Gauge	United States
Armsel Striker		Combat shotgun	12 Gauge	South Africa	Limited use [47]
Sniper rifles
Dragunov SVD		Designated marksman rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union
CZ 750 S1M2		Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	Czech Republic	Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.
PSR-90		Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	West Germany   Pakistan	Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.
PSL		Designated marksman rifle	7.62×54mmR	Socialist Republic of Romania	[ citation needed ]
IWI Galatz		Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	Israel   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Marine Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [46]
Orsis Т-5000M		Sniper rifle	.338LM	Russia	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces
OSV-96		Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm	Russia   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [48]
SBT-12M1 [49]
KSVK		Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm	Russia   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [46]
WKW Wilk		Anti-materiel rifle	.50 BMG	Poland	+50 examples were bought. [50]
Machine guns
TUL-1		Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	Vietnam	Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of Chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30-round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40-round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself.
PKM		General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [51] New ĐL7N copies are made with a modern plastic stock and grip, and includes a picatinny rail for a sight on top.
ĐL7N
RPK		Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
KPV		Heavy machine gun	14.5×114mm	Soviet Union
IWI Negev		Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO	Israel   Vietnam	Limited use. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory
RPD		Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
Type 67		General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	China	Limited use.
M240B		General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	United States	Limited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M60		General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	United States	Limited use.
Uk vz. 59		General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Czechoslovakia
FN Minimi Mk3		Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO	Belgium	Limited use in People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Military Marksman Demonstration Team. [52]
NSV		Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. [53] [54]
DShK		Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.
Mk 21 Mod 0		Medium machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO	United States	Limited use.
Grenade-based weapons
AGS-17		Automatic grenade launcher	30mm Grenade	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Standard issue. Manufactured locally.
M203		Grenade launcher	40mm Grenade	United States   Vietnam	Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21. [45]
OPL40M SPL40		Grenade launcher	40mm Grenade	Vietnam	Standard issue grenade launcher accompanying the STV-380 rifles.
M79		Grenade launcher	40mm Grenade	United States   Vietnam	Standard issue. Manufactured locally. [55]
Milkor MGL		Grenade launcher	40mm Grenade	South Africa   Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1. [56]
Mortars
STA-50		Light mortar	50mm Mortar	Vietnam	Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory. [57]
M1 mortar		Infantry mortar	81mm Mortar	United States
M2 mortar		Infantry mortar	60mm Mortar	United States
M29 mortar		Infantry mortar	81mm Mortar	United States
82-PM-41		Mortar	82mm Mortar	Soviet Union
M1938		Mortar	107mm Mortar	Soviet Union
PM-43		Mortar	120mm Mortar	Soviet Union
M1943		Mortar	160mm Mortar	Soviet Union
Portable anti-materiel weapons
SPG-9		Anti-tank recoilless rifle	73mm HEAT	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally as SPG-9T2.
RPG-7V		Rocket-propelled grenade	40mm HEAT	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally as RPG7V-VN or SCT-7. Internally codenamed B-41.
RPG-29		Rocket-propelled grenade	105mm HEAT	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29. [58] [59]
9K38 Igla		Man-portable air-defense system	72mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally under license. [60]
9K338 Igla-S
9K32 Strela-2		Man-portable air-defense system	72mm	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally. [61]
B-10		Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82mm HEAT	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally.
B-11		Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82mm HEAT	Soviet Union	Weapon at reserve
M-40		Anti-tank recoilless rifle	105mm HEAT	United States	Weapon at reserve
M72 LAW		Anti-tank weapon	66mm HEAT	United States
9K111 Fagot		Guided anti-tank missile	120mm HEAT	Soviet Union
9M14 Malyutka		Guided anti-tank missile	125mm HEAT	Soviet Union   Vietnam	Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance.
9M113 Konkurs		Guided anti-tank missile	135mm HEAT	Soviet Union
RPO-A Shmel		Thermobaric rocket-propelled	93mm FAE	Russia	Only for chemical forces.

Vehicles

Vehicle	Image	Type	Origin	Quantity	Notes
Tanks
T-90S/SK		Main battle tank	Russia	64 [62]
T-62		Main battle tank	Soviet Union	70 [63]
T-54M/55M		Main battle tank	Soviet Union	850 [64]	Currently around 310 T-54/55 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israeli T-54M modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 110 tanks have been upgraded to the T-54M standard.
Type-59		Main battle tank	China	350 [64]	Type 59-I
T-34		Medium tank	Soviet Union	45 [65]	Used only for training and coastal defense
Type-63		Amphibious Light tank	China	150 [66]	Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85mm gun, similar to the PT-76
PT-76		Amphibious Light tank	Soviet Union	300 [64]
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1		Infantry fighting vehicle	Soviet Union	300 [67]
BMP-2		Infantry fighting vehicle	Soviet Union
Armoured personnel carriers
M113		Armoured personnel carrier	United States	200 [64]	Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture
M106 mortar carrier		Mortar carrier	United States	Unknown	Self-propelled 107 mm mortars сaptured in the Vietnam War.
Type 63		Armoured personnel carrier	China	80 [64]
MT-LB		Armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	Unknown	Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games. [68]
BTR-40		Armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	100 [69]	Not sure( may be removed).
BTR-50PK		Armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	280 [70]
BTR-60PB		Wheeled armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	400 [71]	Used by both Army and Naval Marines.
GAZ-59037A		Armoured personnel carrier	Russia	Unknown	Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions. [72]
BTR-152		Wheeled armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	160 [71]	Being upgraded with new diesel engine. [73] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan
Armoured cars
Dongfeng EQ2050		Military light utility vehicle	China	Unknown	Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei. [74]
BRDM-2		Armoured scout car	Soviet Union	50 [75]
Cadillac V-100		Armoured scout car	United States	Unknown	Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons. [76] [77] Acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War. [78]
Artillery
SS-1 Scud B/C/D		Tactical ballistic missile	Soviet Union	24 [79]
Hwasong-6		Tactical ballistic missile	DPRK	100 missiles
BM-14		140mm multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union	<100 [80]	BM-14MM and BM-14-17M variant. [81] [82] 100 launchers exported from the USSR in 1965-1966 period. [80]
BM-21		122mm multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union	350 [64]
(M-46)/Type 59		130mm field gun	Soviet Union   China	Unknown	While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 519 pieces of the M-46 from 1968 - 1973. [83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.
ASU-85		85mm assault gun	Soviet Union	Unknown
2S1 Gvozdika		122mm self-propelled artillery	Soviet Union	Unknown
2S3 Akatsiya		152mm self-propelled artillery	Soviet Union	30 [71]
M101		105mm towed howitzer	United States	Unknown
M114		155mm towed howitzer	United States	Unknown
M-30 [84]		122mm towed howitzer	Soviet Union	Unknown	While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 450 pieces of the M-30 from 1964 - 1969. [83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.
D-20		152mm towed gun-howitzer	Soviet Union	Unknown	While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 500 pieces of the D-20 from 1966 - 1970. [83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.
D-30		122mm towed howitzer	Soviet Union	Unknown	While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 50 pieces of the D-30 in 1974. [83] Some may have been taken out of service over the years.
D-44		85 mm field gun	Soviet Union	Unknown
D-74 [85]		122mm field gun	Soviet Union	Unknown	While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 200 pieces of the D-74 from 1970 - 1971 and China provided 100 pieces of the Type-60 (Chinese made version of D-74) in 1974. [83] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.
Engineering vehicles
BTS-4		Armoured recovery vehicle	Soviet Union	Unknown
IMR-2		Armoured engineering vehicle	Soviet Union	2	Based on T-72 chassis
BREM-1M		Armoured recovery vehicle	Russia	Unknown	Based on T-90 chassis [86]
BMK-150		Motor canoe	Soviet Union		Equipped for pontoon bridge units
VSN-1500		Motor canoe	Vietnam		Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe [87]
PTS		Tracked amphibious transport	Soviet Union	Unknown
GSP-55		Self-propelled amphibious ferry	Soviet Union	3	Operated by 575th Engineer Brigade [88]
PMP Floating Bridge		Pontoon bridge	Soviet Union	>1	At least one equipped for 414th Engineer Brigade [89]
TMM-3M		Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	Russia	Unknown
MS-20 Daglezja		Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	Poland	4 [90]
MT-LB		Artillery reconnaissance	Soviet Union
AT-L		Artillery tractor	Soviet Union
ATS-59G		Artillery tractor	Soviet Union	Unknown
M548		Artillery tractor	United States	Unknown
M578		Armored recovery vehicle	United States
KrAZ-255		Military excavator	Soviet Union
PZM-2			Soviet Union
Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF)		Rescue vehicle	Germany
Logistic vehicles
Zil-130		Military truck	Soviet Union
Zil-131		Military truck	Soviet Union
Zil-157		Military truck	Soviet Union
Gaz-66		Military truck	Soviet Union
Ural-375		Military truck	Soviet Union
Kraz-255B		Military truck	Soviet Union
Ford Transit		Van	GER (design)   THA   Vietnam (Manufacturing place)		Used by Army's communication force [91]
Isuzu F-Series		Truck	Japan
Hyundai HD170		Truck	South Korea
MAZ-537		Artillery tractor	Soviet Union
KZKT-74281-012-chassis			Russia
KamaZ-43253		Military truck	Russia	Unknown	Replacing older Ural trucks [92]
KamAZ 43118		Military truck	Russia	Unknown	Replacing older Ural trucks [92]
KamAZ 65224		Military truck	Russia	Unknown	Replacing older Ural trucks [92]
MAN HX58		Tactical military truck	Germany	Unknown
Renault ME160		Truck	France	Unknown	Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade [93]
Light utility vehicles
Toyota Innova		Light utility vehicles	Japan (design)   IDN   THA (Manufacturing place)		Used by Army officers.
Toyota Hilux		Pickup truck	Japan (design)   THA   Vietnam (Manufacturing place)		Used by Military control force.
Mitsubishi Pajero		Utility Vehicle	Japan   THA   AUT (Manufacturing place)		Used by Army's communication force [94]
UAZ-469		Military light utility vehicle	Soviet Union

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Aircraft	Image	Type	Origin	Notes
IAI Heron		Reconnaissance	Israel	3 [95]
Orbiter 2		Reconnaissance	Israel	[96]
ITAD M-400		Reconnaissance	Vietnam
UAV Shikra		Reconnaissance	Vietnam	Produced and developed by Viettel [97]
HS-6L		Reconnaissance	Vietnam
VT-Patrol		Reconnaissance	Vietnam	Produced and developed by Viettel
VT-Pigeon		Reconnaissance	Vietnam	Produced and developed by Viettel
VT-Swift		Reconnaissance	Vietnam	Produced and developed by Viettel

Procurement

In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organisation of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam. ^[98] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernise and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armour, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armour and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities. ^[98] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force. ^[98] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.

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