List of fortifications in Malta

Last updated May 24, 2023

Prehistoric fortifications

Name	Location	Built	Status
Baħrija	Rabat	Bronze Age	Scant remains^[2]
Borġ in-Nadur	Birżebbuġa	c.1450 BC	One bastion intact^[3]
Nuffara	Xagħra	Bronze Age	Scant remains^[2]
Qortin	St. Paul's Bay	Bronze Age	Scant remains^[2]
Ras il-Ġebel	Mġarr	Bronze Age	Scant remains^[3]
Wardija ta' San Ġorġ	Siġġiewi	Bronze Age	Scant remains^[3]

Walled cities

Name	Location	Built	Builder	Status
Birgu	Birgu	c.13th–18th centuries	Order of Saint John	Mostly intact, undergoing restoration
Cittadella	Victoria	Antiquity–1622^[4]	Crown of Aragon Order of Saint John	Intact. According to Ramon Muntaner (1283) a prominent Aragonite tower existed on the site in the whereabouts of the arch/remains of a Siculo-Norman style villa.^[5] A number of outer towers were places outside the Citadel.^[6]
Cottonera Lines	Cospicua Birgu	1670–18th century	Order of Saint John	Mostly intact^[7]
Floriana Lines	Floriana	1635–18th century	Order of Saint John	Mostly intact^[8]
Mdina	Mdina	Antiquity–1746	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Santa Margherita Lines	Cospicua	1638–1736	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Partially intact
Senglea	Senglea	1552–18th century	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Partially intact
Valletta	Valletta	1566–1570s	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Mostly intact, partially restored

Forts

Name	Location	Built	Builder	Status
Fort Benghisa	Birżebbuġa	1910–1912	United Kingdom	Intact, neglected
Fort Binġemma	Rabat	1875–1878	United Kingdom	Intact, illegally occupied
Fort Campbell	Mellieħa	1937–1938	United Kingdom	Ruins
Fort Chambray	Għajnsielem	1749–1760s	Order of Saint John	Intact, redeveloped^[9]
Fort Delimara	Marsaxlokk	1876–1888	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration proposed
Fort Leonardo	Żabbar	1872–1878	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration proposed
Fort Madalena	Swieqi	1878–1880	United Kingdom	Intact, used as a rescue corps headquarters and training school^[10]
Fort Manoel	Gżira	1723–1733	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Fort Mellieħa	Mellieħa	1940s	United Kingdom	Intact, restored
Fort Mosta	Mosta	1878–1880s	United Kingdom	Intact, used as an ammunition depot
Fort Pembroke	Pembroke	1875–1878	United Kingdom	Intact, used as a school
Fort Ricasoli	Kalkara	1670–1693	Order of Saint John	Intact, neglected
Fort Saint Angelo	Birgu	13th century–1690s	Order of Saint John	Intact, undergoing restoration
Fort Saint Elmo	Valletta	1552–1570s	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Fort San Lucian	Marsaxlokk	1872–1878	United Kingdom ^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Intact, used as an aquaculture research centre
Fort Saint Michael	Senglea	1552–1581	Order of Saint John	Demolished, part of the base survives
Fort Saint Rocco	Kalkara	1872–1900	United Kingdom	Intact
Fort San Salvatore	Birgu	1724	Order of Saint John	Intact, neglected
Fort Tas-Silġ	Marsaxlokk	1879–1883	United Kingdom	Intact, used as an animal sanctuary
Fort Tigné	Sliema	1793–1795	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Fort Verdala	Cospicua	1852–1856	United Kingdom	Intact, used as housing estates and a school

Towers

Name	Location	Built	Builder	Status
Castro Interiore	Birgu	c. 1274	Angevins	Modified^[11]
Birgu Clock Tower	Birgu	Medieval-Order of St John		Modified to be used as a clock tower and then destroyed in WWII
Burmarrad Tower	Burmarrad	1494		Replaced by another tower in 1618 in the close proximity^[12]
Aħrax Tower	Mellieħa	1658	Order of Saint John	Intact, abandoned
Bengħisa Tower	Birżebbuġa	1659	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Birkirkara Tower	Birkirkara	c. 16th century		Intact
Blat Mogħża Tower	Mġarr	c. 1637	Order of Saint John	Collapsed
Captain's Tower	Naxxar	c. 1550s	Order of Saint John	Intact
Cavalier Tower	Qrendi	Unknown	Unknown	Intact
Delimara Tower	Marsaxlokk	1659	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Dwejra Tower	San Lawrenz	1652	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Garzes Tower	Għajnsielem	1605–1607	Order of Saint John	Demolished^[13]
Għajn Ħadid Tower	Mellieħa	1658	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Għajn Tuffieħa Tower	Mġarr	1637	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Għallis Tower	Naxxar	1658	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Ħamrija Tower	Qrendi	1659	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Isopu Tower	Nadur	1667	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Lippija Tower	Mġarr	1637	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Madliena Tower	Pembroke	1658	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Intact, restored
Marsalforn Tower	Xagħra	1614–1616	Order of Saint John	Collapsed, some ruins remain
Mġarr ix-Xini Tower	Għajnsielem	1661	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Nadur Tower	Rabat	1637	Order of Saint John	Intact
Orsi Tower	Kalkara	1629	Order of Saint John	Destroyed
Qawra Tower	St. Paul's Bay	1638	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a restaurant
Saint Agatha's Tower	Mellieħa	1647–1649	Order of Saint John	Intact
Saint George's Tower	St. Julian's	1638	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Intact, in the grounds of a hotel
Saint Julian's Tower	Sliema	1658	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a restaurant
Saint Lucian Tower	Marsaxlokk	1610–1611	Order of Saint John ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Intact, used as an aquaculture research centre
Saint Mark's Tower	Naxxar	1658	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Saint Mary's Tower	Għajnsielem	1618	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Santa Maria delle Grazie Tower	Xgħajra	1620	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Saint Thomas Tower	Marsaskala	1614	Order of Saint John	Intact
Sciuta Tower	Qrendi	1638	Order of Saint John	Intact, restoration planned
Torre dello Standardo	Mdina	1725-1726	Order of Saint John	Intact
Tal-Għassiewi Tower ^[14]	Zabbar ^[15]		Arab period	Ruins
Tal-Wejter Tower	Birkirkara	17th or 18th century	Order of Saint John	Intact
Triq il-Wiesgħa Tower	Żabbar	1659	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Wardija Tower	Żurrieq	1659	Order of Saint John	Intact
Wignacourt Tower	St. Paul's Bay	1610	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a museum
Xlendi Tower	Munxar	1650	Order of Saint John	Intact, undergoing restoration
Xrobb l-Għaġin Tower	Marsaxlokk	1659	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Żonqor Tower	Marsaskala	1659	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Għajn Żnuber Tower	Mellieħa	Unknown	Possible a dejma post in origins; present structure a 19th-century watch tower	Intact, partially restored and partially reconstructed
Wied Żnuber Tower	Birżebbuġa	16th century	Order of Saint John	Unknown (no longer exists)^[16]

Notes:

For privately built towers, see List of fortifications of Malta#Fortified houses and privately built towers.

Batteries

Name	Location	Built^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Builder	Status
Aħrax Tower & Battery	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, abandoned
Arrias Battery	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a restaurant
Balbani Battery	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Buġibba Battery	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished, ditch survives
Cambridge Battery	Sliema	1878–1886	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration planned
Capuchin Convent Battery	Kalkara	1799	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Corradino Batteries	Paola	1798–1799	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Delimara Tower & Battery	Marsaxlokk	1793	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Della Grazie Battery	Xgħajra	1888–1893	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration planned
Dellia Battery	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Elminiech Battery	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Fedeau Battery	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Ferretti Battery	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a restaurant^[17]
Garden Battery	Sliema	1889–1894	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration planned
Għallis Battery	Naxxar	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Għargħar Battery	San Ġwann	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Jesuit Hill Battery	Marsa	1799	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Lascaris Battery	Valletta	1854–1856	United Kingdom	Intact
Lembi Battery	Sliema	1757	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Maħsel Battery	Marsaskala	1714	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Marsa Battery	Marsa	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Mistra Battery	Mellieħa	1761	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Pembroke Battery	Pembroke	1897–1899	United Kingdom	Partially demolished, one gun emplacement survives.
Pinto Battery	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Heavily altered
Qalet Marku Battery	Naxxar	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Qawra Tower & Battery	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a restaurant and swimming pool
Qolla l-Bajda Battery	Żebbuġ, Gozo	1716	Order of Saint John	Intact, abandoned
Ramla Left Battery	Xagħra	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Ramla Right Battery	Nadur	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Riħama Battery	Marsaskala	1714	Order of Saint John	Mostly intact, restoration planned
Rinella Battery	Kalkara	1878–1886	United Kingdom	Intact, restored
Saint Anthony's Battery	Qala	1731–1732	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Saint Julian's Tower & Battery	Sliema	1715	Order of Saint John	Battery partially intact, tower intact
Saint Lucian Tower & Battery	Marsaxlokk	1715	Order of Saint John	Battery demolished, tower intact
Saint Mary's Battery	Għajnsielem	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Saint Mary's Battery	Żebbuġ, Gozo	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Saint Paul's Battery	Marsaxlokk	1881–1886	United Kingdom	Intact, abandoned
Saint Peter's Battery	Kalkara	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
San Petronio Battery	Kalkara	1602	Order of Saint John	Destroyed, ditch survives
San Rocco Battery	Kalkara	1798–1799	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Saint Thomas Tower & Battery	Marsaskala	1715	Order of Saint John	Tower intact, battery rebuilt on modern interpretative lines.
Saluting Battery	Valletta	1560s	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Sliema Batteries	Sliema	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Sliema Point Battery	Sliema	1872–1876	United Kingdom	Intact, used as a restaurant
Spinola Battery	St. Julian's	1889–1894	United Kingdom	Demolished
Ta' Għemmuna Battery	St. Julian's	1799	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Tal-Borg Battery	Tarxien	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Tarġa Battery	Mosta St. Paul's Bay	1887–1890s	United Kingdom	Intact, restoration planned
Tas-Samra Battery	Ħamrun	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished. The church around which the battery was built still exists.
Tombrell Battery	Marsaxlokk	1722	Order of Saint John	Demolished, ditch survives
Vendôme Battery	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, dilapidated
Westreme Battery	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Blockhouse intact, gun platform destroyed
Wied Musa Battery	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Gun platform intact, blockhouse heavily altered
Wignacourt Tower & Battery	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Battery mostly intact, tower intact
Wilġa Battery	Marsaxlokk	1714	Order of Saint John	Blockhouse intact, gun platform destroyed
Wolseley Battery	Marsaxlokk	1897–1899	United Kingdom	Intact
Żabbar Batteries	Żabbar	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished
Żejtun Batteries	Żejtun	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished (one cannon remains)
Żonqor Battery	Marsaskala	1882–1886	United Kingdom	Intact, used as a farm

Notes:

Batteries located within larger fortifications are not included in the above list unless they are notable in their own right. Such batteries include:
- De Guiral Battery in Fort Saint Angelo
- Grunenburgh's Batteries in Fort Saint Angelo, Valletta and Senglea
- Low Battery in the Cittadella
- Several other batteries within the fortifications of Birgu
Anti-aircraft batteries built in World War II are also not included.

Redoubts

Name	Location	Built^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Builder	Status
Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Redoubt	Naxxar	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a bar^[18]
Briconet Redoubt	Marsaskala	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a police station
Crivelli Redoubt	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Del Fango Redoubt	Marsaxlokk	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Fresnoy Redoubt	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished^[17]
Marsalforn Tower	Xagħra	1720	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Mellieħa Redoubt	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Perellos Redoubt	St. Paul's Bay	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Qalet Marku Redoubt	Naxxar	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Qortin Redoubt	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Partially intact
Ramla Redoubt	Xagħra	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Saint George Redoubt	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact^[17]
Saint Lucian Redoubt	Marsaxlokk	1799	Kingdom of Great Britain	Demolished
Saint Mary's Redoubt	Għajnsielem	1716	Order of Saint John	Demolished
San Rocco Redoubt	Kalkara	1799	Kingdom of Great Britain	Demolished
Spinola Redoubt	Birżebbuġa	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished^[17]
Tal-Bir Redoubt	Mellieħa	1715	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Vendôme Tower	Marsaxlokk	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, used as a football club headquarters
Windmill Redoubt	Żabbar	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished. The windmill around which the redoubt was built still exists.
Ximenes Redoubt	Naxxar	1715	Order of Saint John	Intact, restored
Xwejni Redoubt	Żebbuġ, Gozo	1715	Order of Saint John	Demolished
Żabbar Redoubt	Żabbar	1798	Maltese insurgents	Demolished

Entrenchments

Name	Location	Built^{[lower-alpha 3]}	Builder	Status
Bengħisa Entrenchment	Birżebbuġa	1761	Order of Saint John	Demolished^[17]
Birżebbuġa Entrenchment	Birżebbuġa	1761	Order of Saint John	Partially intact
Falca Lines	Mġarr St. Paul's Bay	1723–1732	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Għajn Tuffieħa Entrenchment	Mġarr		Order of Saint John	Partially intact
Louvier Entrenchment	Mellieħa	1761	Order of Saint John	Never completed Largely intact
Madliena Entrenchment	Naxxar		Order of Saint John	Short stretch intact
Naxxar Entrenchment	Naxxar	1722	Order of Saint John	Partially intact
Qawra Point Entrenchment	St. Paul's Bay	1761	Order of Saint John	Short stretch survives in ruins
Qbajjar Entrenchment	Żebbuġ, Gozo		Order of Saint John	Few remains survive
Ramla Entrenchment	Xagħra	1720	Order of Saint John	Few remains survive
Saint Julian's Entrenchment	St. Julian's		Order of Saint John	Short stretch intact
Saint Lucian Entrenchment	Marsaxlokk	1799	Kingdom of Great Britain	Demolished
Spinola Entrenchment	St. Julian's	1761	Order of Saint John	Partially intact
Ta' Kassisu Entrenchment	Mellieħa	1761	Order of Saint John	Never completed Largely intact
Xgħajra Entrenchment	Żabbar	1761	Order of Saint John	Short stretches intact
Xrobb l-Għaġin Entrenchment	Marsaxlokk	1761	Order of Saint John	Ruins
Żewwieqa Entrenchment	Għajnsielem	1761	Order of Saint John	Ruins

Notes:

Entrenchments were originally planned to be built around the entire coastline of the Maltese Islands. The ones listed here are those of which some remains survive, or which are definitely known to have existed.

Lines of fortification

Name	Image	Location	Built	Builder	Status
Corradino Lines		Paola	1871–1880	United Kingdom	Mostly intact
Victoria Lines		Rabat Mġarr Mosta Naxxar Għargħur	1875–1899	United Kingdom	Partially intact^[19]

Notes:

The Floriana Lines, Santa Margherita Lines and the Cottonera Lines are also lines of fortification, but they are listed with the walled cities since they are close to settlements.

Stop walls

The 'stop wall' that plugged a fortification gap in Wied Żnuber

Fortified houses and privately built towers

Name	Location	Built	Builder	Status
Sant'Angelo Tower	Birżebbuġa	1702 or 1775	Viani	Destroyed during WWII^[20]
Armoury	Siġġiewi			Intact
Bubaqra Tower	Żurrieq	c. 1579	Don Matteolo Pisani	Intact
Cardona Tower	Għarb		Cardona family	Intact. Built before 1649.^[21] Also known as tas-Sarretta Tower.^[22] Intact but machicolations removed. They appear to were still partially intact on 21 August 1933.^[23]
Castello Lanzun	San Ġwann	15th century–1713	Wenzu Lanzun	Intact
Gauci Tower	Naxxar	16th century	Francesco Gauci	Intact
Gourgion Tower	Xewkija	1690	Giovanni Gourgion	Demolished, some stonework survives
Ingraw Tower	Żejtun	1603	Clemente Tabone	Dismantled; stonework used to build farmhouses^[24]^[25]
Mamo Tower	Marsaskala	1657	Gregorio and Giorgio Mamo	Intact, restored
Mari ta’ Qerqni Tower	Birżebbuġa	Unclear		Intact, converted into a farmhouse
Sant'Antnin Tower	Żejtun			Destroyed during WWII^[25]
Santa Cecilia Tower	Għajnsielem	1613	Fra Bernardo Macedonia	Intact
Ta' Bettina Tower	Marsaxlokk	c. 1740	D'Aurel Family	Intact
Tal-Buttar Tower	Marsaskala			Intact and used as a rural building with a close by watermill.^[26]
Tal-Gardiel Tower	Marsaskala			Intact
Tal-Mozz Tower	Żejtun	1628		Intact.^[25] Also known as Tal-Kwies Tower.^[27]
Wied il-Qoton Tower	Birżebbuġa	18th century		Unprofessionally modified in 1758
Verdala Palace	Siġġiewi	1586	Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle	Intact

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 Some alterations were made by the United Kingdom
↑ The fort was built around a tower of the Order of Saint John.
1 2 3 Some dates are approximate

Related Research Articles

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Wignacourt Tower, also known as Saint Paul's Bay Tower, is a bastioned watchtower in St. Paul's Bay, Malta. It was the first of six Wignacourt towers to be built, and the first stone was laid on 10 February 1610. It replaced the role of Ta' Tabibu farmhouse which was previously known as Dejma Tower. An artillery battery was added a century later in 1715. Today the tower is a museum of fortifications around the Maltese Islands.

Saint Agatha's Tower, also known as the Red Tower, Mellieħa Tower or Fort Saint Agatha, is a large bastioned watchtower in Mellieħa, Malta. It was built between 1647 and 1649, as the sixth of the Lascaris towers. The tower's design is completely different from the rest of the Lascaris towers, but it is similar to the earlier Wignacourt towers. St. Agatha's Tower was the last large bastioned tower to be built in Malta.

This page list topics related to Malta.

Santa Maria delle Grazie Tower, also known as Delle Grazie Tower, Madonna delle Gratie Tower or Blata Bajda Tower, was a watchtower in what is now Xgħajra, Malta. It was constructed in 1620, and was the last of six Wignacourt towers to be built. The tower was demolished in the late 19th century by the British military.

Marsalforn Tower refers to two towers that stood near Marsalforn, in the limits of Xagħra, Gozo, Malta. The first one was built in 1616, as the fourth of six Wignacourt towers, and collapsed in around 1715. The second was a Tour-reduit, which was built in 1720 and demolished in 1915.

St Helen's Basilica is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church situated in Birkirkara, Malta. It is built on the baroque design by Salvu Borg and built by Mason Domenico Cachia. The design was inspired, and is similar, to the Mdina Cathedral by Lorenzo Gafa. It was built to replace the role of the main old Parish Church of St. Mary that was damaged in the 1856 earthquake. It eventually became the Collegiate Church and then a Minor Basilica. The current parish archpriest is Mons Louis Suban.

Fort Chambray or Fort Chambrai is a bastioned fort located in the precincts of Għajnsielem, on the island of Gozo, Malta. It was built in the mid-18th century by the Order of Saint John, in an area known as Ras it-Tafal, between the port of Mġarr and Xatt l-Aħmar. The fort was meant to be the citadel of a new city which was to replace the Cittadella as the island's capital, but this plan never materialized.

Saint Mary's Tower, also known as the Comino Tower, is a large bastioned watchtower on the island of Comino in Malta. It was built in 1618, the fifth of six Wignacourt towers. The tower was used by the Armed Forces of Malta until 2002, and it is now in the hands of Din l-Art Ħelwa.

The Wignacourt Aqueduct is a 17th-century aqueduct in Malta, which was built by the Order of Saint John to carry water from springs in Dingli and Rabat to the newly built capital city Valletta. The aqueduct carried water through underground pipes and over arched viaducts across depressions in the ground.

Garzes Tower, also known as Saint Martin's Tower, was a watchtower built in Mġarr, Gozo by the Order of Saint John in 1605. It was named after Martin Garzez, the Grand Master who financed its construction, even though it was eventually built after his death during the Magistry of Alof de Wignacourt. The tower was demolished in the 19th century, some remains were reused for the building of a bridge, and the site was developed with a hotel.

Saint Julian's Tower, originally known as Torre di San Giuliano and also known as Sliema Tower, is a small watchtower in Sliema, Malta. It was completed in 1658 as the fifth of the De Redin towers. An artillery battery was built around the tower in 1715. Today, the tower and the remains of the battery are a restaurant.

Triq il-Wiesgħa Tower, originally known as Torre della Giddida and also called Mwejġel Tower, is a small watchtower near Żabbar, Malta. It was built in 1659 as the ninth of the De Redin towers. The tower suffered extensive damage in the 20th century, with parts of the structure being demolished, but it was restored between 2008 and 2009 and it is now in good condition.

The fortifications of Malta consist of a number of walled cities, citadels, forts, towers, batteries, redoubts, entrenchments and pillboxes. The fortifications were built over thousands of years, from around 1450 BC to the mid-20th century, and they are a result of the Maltese islands' strategic position and natural harbours, which have made them very desirable for various powers.

Marsa Battery was an artillery battery in Marsa, Malta, built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798–1800. It was part of a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour.

Vendôme Tower is a tour-reduit in Marsaxlokk, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1715 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the coasts of the Maltese Islands. It is the only surviving tour-reduit in Malta. Today, Vendôme Tower houses the headquarters of Marsaxlokk F.C.

Santa Cecilia Tower is a tower in Għajnsielem, Gozo, Malta. It was built in 1613 by a member of the Order of St. John, and it could relay messages across the island. Today, the tower is in good condition and it is a private residence.

Clemente Tabone was a Maltese landowner and militia member who is known for his courage in the Raid on Żejtun, the last major Ottoman attack on Malta, in 1614. He built a tower and a chapel on some of his lands on the outskirts of Żejtun. The tower no longer exists, but St. Clement's Chapel remains intact and is still in use today.

References

↑ Castagna, P. P. (1865). Malta bil chzejer tehne u li ghadda min ghaliha (in Maltese). Vol. 1. pp. 166–168.
1 2 3 "Maltese fortifcations" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
1 2 3 "Bugeja" (PDF). www.viatransfer.viastoria.ch. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ Cassar, George (2014). "Defending a Mediterranean island outpost of the Spanish Empire – the case of Malta". Sacra Militia (13): 59–68.
↑ Attard, Anton F (2012). "Il-Castrum Terre Gaudisii u l-Origini tal-Matrici tal-Assunta f'Ghawdex". Festa Santa Marija. Leone Philharmonic Society (9): 70–77.
↑ https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/15356/1/Barumbari%20Giren%20and%20Mgiebah%20-%20Vernacular%20gems%20in%20oblivion.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
↑ "Data" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Info" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Forzi" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Fortizza" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ Vella, John (2016). "The Rock-cut Church of Bormla: Origins and Developments" (PDF). Journal of Maltese History. University of Malta. 5 (1): 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2018.
↑ Guillaumier, Alfie (2002). Bliet u Rhula Maltin. Vol. 1. Klabb Kotba Maltin. p. 129. ISBN 99932-39-15-1.
↑ "It-Torri ta' GarΩes" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "thinksite.eu" (PDF). www.thinksite.eu.
↑ "Lehan" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Fortifikazzjonijiet f'Birżebbuġa". 19 August 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 "Batterji" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Data" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Victoria lines" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "300 Sena ilu nbniet Il-Kappella ta' Sant'Anġlu ta' Ħal Far". sanpietru.wordpress.com.
↑ "page 98" (PDF).
↑ "Old Photos Catalogue" (PDF). National Archives, Malta: Gozo Collection. Planning Authority: 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2020.
↑ "It-Torri ta' Cardona, Gharb, Road Rabat, Gozo". Europeana. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020.
↑ Bugeja, Anton (2014). "Clemente Tabone: The man, his family and the early years of St Clement's Chapel" (PDF). The Turkish Raid of 1614: 42–57. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018.
1 2 3 Abela, Joe; Brincat, Anthony M. "Santa Maria ta' Ħal Tmin ~ Żejtun ~". Kappelli Maltin (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 20 June 2017.
↑ Independent, Malta (2006-06-18). "Irrational With Marsascala: shocking building proposals for scheduled properties". The Malta Independent. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
↑ "Tal-Kwies Tower – PLAKKASTORJA". Plakkastorja.home.blog. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

External links

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[uk-9] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Some alterations were made by the United Kingdom

[12] The fort was built around a tower of the Order of Saint John.

[date-19] 1 2 3 Some dates are approximate

[1] Castagna, P. P. (1865). Malta bil chzejer tehne u li ghadda min ghaliha (in Maltese). Vol. 1. pp. 166–168.

[Maltese-2] 1 2 3 "Maltese fortifcations" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[melitensia-3] 1 2 3 "Bugeja" (PDF). www.viatransfer.viastoria.ch. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[4] Cassar, George (2014). "Defending a Mediterranean island outpost of the Spanish Empire – the case of Malta". Sacra Militia (13): 59–68.

[5] Attard, Anton F (2012). "Il-Castrum Terre Gaudisii u l-Origini tal-Matrici tal-Assunta f'Ghawdex". Festa Santa Marija. Leone Philharmonic Society (9): 70–77.

[6] ttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/15356/1/Barumbari%20Giren%20and%20Mgiebah%20-%20Vernacular%20gems%20in%20oblivion.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}

[7] "Data" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[8] "Info" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[10] "Forzi" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[11] "Fortizza" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[13] Vella, John (2016). "The Rock-cut Church of Bormla: Origins and Developments" (PDF). Journal of Maltese History. University of Malta. 5 (1): 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2018.

[Guillaumier,_Alfie_2005-14] Guillaumier, Alfie (2002). Bliet u Rhula Maltin. Vol. 1. Klabb Kotba Maltin. p. 129. ISBN 99932-39-15-1.

[15] "It-Torri ta' GarΩes" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[16] "thinksite.eu" (PDF). www.thinksite.eu.

[17] "Lehan" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[18] "Fortifikazzjonijiet f'Birżebbuġa". 19 August 2011.

[birzeb-20] 1 2 3 4 5 "Batterji" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[21] "Data" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[22] "Victoria lines" (PDF). www.um.edu.mt. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[23] "300 Sena ilu nbniet Il-Kappella ta' Sant'Anġlu ta' Ħal Far". sanpietru.wordpress.com.

[24] "page 98" (PDF).

[25] "Old Photos Catalogue" (PDF). National Archives, Malta: Gozo Collection. Planning Authority: 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2020.

[26] "It-Torri ta' Cardona, Gharb, Road Rabat, Gozo". Europeana. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020.

[27] Bugeja, Anton (2014). "Clemente Tabone: The man, his family and the early years of St Clement's Chapel" (PDF). The Turkish Raid of 1614: 42–57. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018.

[ciantar-28] 1 2 3 Abela, Joe; Brincat, Anthony M. "Santa Maria ta' Ħal Tmin ~ Żejtun ~". Kappelli Maltin (in Maltese). Archived from the original on 20 June 2017.

[29] Independent, Malta (2006-06-18). "Irrational With Marsascala: shocking building proposals for scheduled properties". The Malta Independent. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

[30] "Tal-Kwies Tower – PLAKKASTORJA". Plakkastorja.home.blog. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

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List of fortifications in Malta

Contents

Prehistoric fortifications

Walled cities

Forts

Towers

Batteries

Redoubts

Entrenchments

Lines of fortification

Stop walls

Fortified houses and privately built towers

Notes

Related Research Articles

References

External links