List of mammals of Argentina

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This is a list of the native mammal species recorded in Argentina. As of January 2020, the list contains 402 mammal species from Argentina, of which one is extinct, seven are critically endangered, seventeen are endangered, sixteen are vulnerable, and thirty are near threatened. [n 1]

Contents

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

EXEX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWEW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its historic range.
CRCR Critically endangered The species is in imminent danger of extinction in the wild.
ENEN Endangered The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNT Near threatened The species does not qualify as being at high risk of extinction but is likely to do so in the future.
LCLC Least concern The species is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild.
DDDD Data deficient There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction for this species.
NENE Not evaluated The conservation status of the species has not been studied.

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Superorder: Ameridelphia

Woolly opossum (Caluromys sp.) Woolly opossum.jpg
Woolly opossum
( Caluromys sp.)
Water opossum Schwimmbeutler-drawing2.jpg
Water opossum
White-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris, Bahia, Brazil.jpg
White-eared opossum
Agile gracile opossum Gracilinanus agilis 04.jpg
Agile gracile opossum
Tate's woolly mouse opossum Cuica - Marmosa paraguayana cropped.jpg
Tate's woolly mouse opossum
Gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica93-300b.jpg
Gray short-tailed opossum
Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum Llaca.jpg
Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)

There are six extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.

Superorder: Australidelphia

Monito del monte on bamboo Monito del Monte ps6.jpg
Monito del monte on bamboo
Order: Microbiotheria (monito del monte)

The monito del monte is the only extant member of its family and the only surviving member of an ancient order, Microbiotheria. It appears to be more closely related to Australian marsupials than to other Neotropic marsupials; this is a reflection of the South American origin of all Australasian marsupials. [1]

Infraclass: Eutheria

Superorder: Xenarthra

Nine-banded armadillo Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg
Nine-banded armadillo
Pink fairy armadillo Chlamyphorus truncatus - Naturmuseum Senckenberg - DSC02081.JPG
Pink fairy armadillo
Six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus2.jpg
Six-banded armadillo
Pichi Chubut-PeninsulaValdes-Armadillo-TatuCarreta-P2230729b.jpg
Pichi
Southern three-banded armadillo SouthernThreeBandedArmadillo065b.jpg
Southern three-banded armadillo
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. There are 21 extant species in the Americas, 19 of which are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)
Brown-throated sloth Bradypus variegatus.jpg
Brown-throated sloth
Giant anteater Tamandua-bandeira com filhote em pastagem - cropped.jpg
Giant anteater
Southern tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla qtl1-2.jpg
Southern tamandua

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.

Superorder: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates
Black-striped capuchin Macaco-prego Sapajus libidinosus 2012 28066.jpg
Black-striped capuchin
Azara's night monkey Aotus azarae.jpg
Azara's night monkey
Brown howler Brown Howler Monkey 6.jpg
Brown howler

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Brazilian porcupine Coendou prehensilis - Buffalo Zoo.jpg
Brazilian porcupine
Short-tailed chinchilla Chinchilla brevicaudata.jpg
Short-tailed chinchilla
Southern viscacha Bolivian vizcacha.jpg
Southern viscacha
Plains viscacha Lagostomus maximus - Parc National El Palmar en Argentine (Entre-Rios)b.jpg
Plains viscacha
Brazilian guinea pig Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg
Brazilian guinea pig
Patagonian mara Mara Thoiry 19803.jpg
Patagonian mara
Chacoan mara Chakoanskaia, ili chakskaia, ili malaia mara (Dolichotis salinicola), Chacoan mara, Kleiner Mara, Tierpark Berlin Friedrichsfelde, 10.2012.jpg
Chacoan mara
Capybara Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris in Brazil in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 09.jpg
Capybara
Azara's agouti Agouti Azarae.JPG
Azara's agouti
Central American agouti ZOO Ostrava Dasyprocta punctata.JPG
Central American agouti
Lowland paca Cuniculus paca (8974356586).jpg
Lowland paca
Haig's tuco-tuco Tinytuco.jpg
Haig's tuco-tuco
Tiny tuco-tuco Tuco-tuco, Tiny Tuco Tuco (Ctenomys minutus).jpg
Tiny tuco-tuco
Reig's tuco-tuco Ctenomys osvaldoreigi!.jpg
Reig's tuco-tuco
Tucuman tuco-tuco Ctenomys tucumanus.jpg
Tucuman tuco-tuco
Plains viscacha rat Tympanoctomys barrerae.jpg
Plains viscacha rat
Coypu Myocastor coypus - ragondin.jpg
Coypu

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Brazilian squirrel Guerlinguetus aestuans.jpg
Brazilian squirrel
Bolivian squirrel Sciurus ignitus (19168910998) 1.jpg
Bolivian squirrel
Sanborn's grass mouse Abrothrix sanborni.jpg
Sanborn's grass mouse
Small vesper mouse Calomys laucha small vesper mouse.jpg
Small vesper mouse
Hairy-tailed bolo mouse Ratinho do Cerrado.jpg
Hairy-tailed bolo mouse
Long-tailed pygmy rice rat Raton colilarga.jpg
Long-tailed pygmy rice rat
Bunny rat Reithrodon Gervais.png
Bunny rat
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
Tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis1.jpg
Tapeti

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera (bats)
Lesser bulldog bat Noctilio albiventris.jpg
Lesser bulldog bat
Black myotis Myotis nigricans 1.jpg
Black myotis
Argentine brown bat Eptesicus furinalis.jpg
Argentine brown bat
Small big-eared brown bat Histiotus montanus - Gabriel Ignacio Baloriani.jpg
Small big-eared brown bat
Desert red bat Lasiurus blossevillii2.jpg
Desert red bat
Hoary bat Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
Hoary bat
Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotus.jpeg
Big free-tailed bat
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor2b.jpg
Pale spear-nosed bat
Pallas's long-tongued bat Palla's long-tongued bat.jpg
Pallas's long-tongued bat
Little yellow-shouldered bat Sturnira lilium lostuxtlas2008.jpg
Little yellow-shouldered bat
Common vampire bat Desmodusrotundus.jpg
Common vampire bat
White-winged vampire bat Dyoungi.jpg
White-winged vampire bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
Geoffroy's cat Salzkatze.jpg
Geoffroy's cat
Kodkod Leopardus guigna.jpeg
Kodkod
Andean mountain cat Gato andino.jpg
Andean mountain cat
Culpeo Pseudalopex culpaeus.jpg
Culpeo
Crab-eating fox Crab-eating Fox (cropped).JPG
Crab-eating fox
Bush dog Speothos venaticus Zoo Praha 2011-5 (cropped).jpg
Bush dog
Maned wolf Lobo Guara andando.jpg
Maned wolf
Spectacled bear Urso de oculos.jpg
Spectacled bear
Greater grison Greater grison.jpg
Greater grison
Marine otter Lfelina.jpg
Marine otter
Juvenile southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina.jpg
Juvenile southern elephant seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
Lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris (1) by JM Rosier.jpg
Lowland tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. South America once had a great diversity of ungulates of native origin, but these dwindled after the interchange with North America, and disappeared entirely following the arrival of humans. Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that these orders comprise a sister group to the perissodactyls. [13]

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)
Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri 1 - Phoenix Zoo.jpg
Chacoan peccary
Vicuna Vicunacrop2.jpg
Vicuña
Marsh deer Marsh deer.jpg
Marsh deer
Southern pudu Pudupuda hem 8 FdoVidal Villarr 08Abr06-PhotoJimenez.JPG
Southern pudú

The weight of even-toed ungulates is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)
Southern right whale Southern right whale6.jpg
Southern right whale
Blue whale Anim1754 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
Blue whale
Humpback whale Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg
Humpback whale
Sperm whales Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg
Sperm whales
Commerson's dolphin Commdolph01.jpg
Commerson's dolphin
Spinner dolphin Spinner dolphin jumping.JPG
Spinner dolphin
Hourglass dolphin Hourglas dolphin crop.jpg
Hourglass dolphin
Dusky dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus.jpg
Dusky dolphin
Risso's dolphin Risso's dolphin.jpg
Risso's dolphin
Orca Killerwhales jumping.jpg
Orca
False killer whale Pseudoorca Crassidens - False Killer Whale.jpg
False killer whale
Long-finned pilot whale LF Pilot Whale Goban Spur.jpg
Long-finned pilot whale

The infraorder Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available. The list was partially updated in February 2020.

References

  1. ↑ Nilsson, M. A.; Churakov, G.; Sommer, M.; Tran, N. V.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J.; Schmitz, J. (2010-07-27). Penny, D. (ed.). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology . Public Library of Science. 8 (7): e1000436. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436 . PMC   2910653 . PMID   20668664.
  2. ↑ Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Herpailurus yagouaroundi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T9948A50653167.
  3. ↑ Lucherini, M.; Eizirik, E.; de Oliveira, T.; Pereira, J.; Williams, R.S.R. (2016). "Leopardus colocolo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15309A97204446.
  4. ↑ Pereira, J.; Lucherini, M. & Trigo, T. (2015). "Leopardus geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15310A50657011.
  5. ↑ Napolitano, C.; Gálvez, N.; Bennett, M.; Acosta-Jamett, G. & Sanderson, J. (2015). "Leopardus guigna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15311A50657245.
  6. ↑ de Oliveira, T.; Trigo, T.; Tortato, M.; Paviolo, A.; Bianchi, R. & Leite-Pitman, M. R. P. (2016). "Leopardus guttulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T54010476A54010576.
  7. ↑ Villalba, L.; Lucherini, M.; Walker, S.; Lagos, N.; Cossios, D.; Bennett, M. & Huaranca, J. (2016). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15452A50657407.
  8. ↑ Paviolo, A.; Crawshaw, P.; Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C.A.; Kelly, M.; De Angelo, C. & Payan, E. (2015). "Leopardus pardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T11509A97212355.
  9. ↑ Payan, E. & de Oliveira, T. (2016). "Leopardus tigrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T54012637A50653881.
  10. ↑ de Oliveira, T.; Paviolo, A.; Schipper, J.; Bianchi, R.; Payan, E. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Leopardus wiedii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T11511A50654216.
  11. ↑ Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2015). "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T18868A97216466.
  12. ↑ Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R. & Harmsen, B. (2017). "Panthera onca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T15953A123791436.
  13. ↑ Welker, F.; Collins, M. J.; Thomas, J. A.; Wadsley, M.; Brace, S.; Cappellini, E.; Turvey, S. T.; Reguero, M.; Gelfo, J. N.; Kramarz, A.; Burger, J.; Thomas-Oates, J.; Ashford, D. A.; Ashton, P. D.; Rowsell, K.; Porter, D. M.; Kessler, B.; Fischer, R.; Baessmann, C.; Kaspar, S.; Olsen, J. V.; Kiley, P.; Elliott, J. A.; Kelstrup, C. D.; Mullin, V.; Hofreiter, M.; Willerslev, E.; Hublin, J.-J.; Orlando, L.; Barnes, I.; MacPhee, R. D. E. (2015-03-18). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. hdl: 11336/14769 . ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   25799987. S2CID   4467386.
  14. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T1681A50181949. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T1681A50181949.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  15. ↑ DPIPWE (2011) Pest Risk Assessment: Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus). Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Hobart, Tasmania.
  16. ↑ Sanchez-Rojas, G.; Gallina-Tessaro, S. (2016). "Odocoileus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42393A22162113. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42393A22162113.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  17. ↑ IUCN (2015-10-12). Cervus elaphus: Lovari, S., Lorenzini, R., Masseti, M., Pereladova, O., Carden, R.F., Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T55997072A142404453 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t55997072a142404453.en . Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  18. ↑ Masseti, M.; Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T42188A10656554. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T42188A10656554.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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