List of mayors of New York City

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The mayor of New York City is the chief executive of the Government of New York City, as stipulated by New York City's charter. The current officeholder, the 110th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Eric Adams, a member of the Democratic Party.

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During the Dutch colonial period from 1624 to 1664, New Amsterdam was governed by the Director of New Netherland. Following the 1664 creation of the British Province of New York, newly renamed New York City was run by the British military governor, Richard Nicolls. The office of Mayor of New York City was established in 1665. Holders were appointed by colonial governors, beginning with Thomas Willett. The position remained appointed until 1777. That year, during the American Revolution, a Council of Appointment was formed by the State of New York. In 1821 the New York City Council – then known as the Common Council – began appointing mayors. Since 1834, mayors have been elected by direct popular vote. [1]

The city included little beyond the island of Manhattan before 1874, when she annexed the western part of the Bronx, to be followed in 1895 by the rest of the Bronx. The 1898 consolidation created the city as it is today with five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The first mayor of the expanded city was Robert Anderson Van Wyck.

The longest-serving mayors have been Fiorello H. La Guardia (1934–1945), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954–1965), Ed Koch (1978–1989) and Michael Bloomberg (2002–2013), each of whom was in office for twelve years (three successive four-year terms). The shortest terms in office since 1834 have been those of acting mayors: William T. Collins served a single day on December 31, 1925, Samuel B. H. Vance served one month (from November 30 to December 31, 1874), and Thomas Coman served five weeks (from Monday, November 30, 1868, to Monday, January 4, 1869).

Colonial mayors (1665–1783)

Before 1680, mayors served one-year terms. From 1680, they served two-year terms. Exceptions are noted thus (*). A dagger (†) indicates mayoralties cut short by death in office. (When the same man served more than one continuous term, his name is lightly shaded purely for clarity, but the tints have no other significance.)

No. [2] NameStarting year of officeEnding year of office
1 Thomas Willett (1st term)16651666
2 Thomas Delavall (1st term)16661667
3Thomas Willett (2nd term)16671668
4 Cornelius Van Steenwyk (1st term)16681671
5Thomas Delavall (2nd term)16711672
6 Matthias Nicoll 16721673
7 John Lawrence (1st term)16731675
8 William Dervall 16751676
9 Nicholas De Mayer 16761677
10 Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1st term)16771678
11Thomas Delavall (3rd term)16781679
12 Francis Rombouts 16791680
13 William Dyre 16801682
14 Cornelius Van Steenwyk (2nd term)16821684
15 Gabriel Minvielle (*)16841685
16 Nicholas Bayard (*)16851686
17Stephanus Van Cortlandt (2nd term)16861688
18 Peter Delanoy
(only popularly-elected mayor before 1834)1
16891691
19John Lawrence (2nd term *)16911691
20 Abraham de Peyster 16911694
21 Charles Lodwik 16941695
22 William Merritt 16951698
23 Johannes de Peyster 16981699
24 David Provost 16991700
25 Isaac De Reimer 17001701
26 Thomas Noell 17011702
27 Phillip French 17021703
28 William Peartree 17031707
29 Ebenezer Wilson 17071710
30 Jacobus Van Cortlandt (1st term)17101711
31 Caleb Heathcote 17111714
32 John Johnstone 17141719
33Jacobus Van Cortlandt (2nd term)17191720
34 Robert Walters 17201725
35 Johannes Jansen 17251726
36 Robert Lurting17261735
37 Paul Richard 17351739
38 John Cruger17391744
39 Stephen Bayard 17441747
40 Edward Holland17471757
41 John Cruger Jr. 17571766
42 Whitehead Hicks 17661776
43 David Mathews 17761783

Note

  1. Peter Delanoy was the first and only directly-elected mayor of New York [3] until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion.

died in office

Pre-consolidation mayors (1784–1897)

The mayor continued to be selected by the Government of New York's Council of Appointment until 1821, when Stephen Allen became the first mayor appointed by a local Common Council. Under the Charter of 1834, mayors were elected annually by direct popular vote. Starting in 1849, mayors were elected to serve two-year terms.

#PortraitMayorTerm startTerm endTerms Party
44 James Duane - John Trumbull.jpg James Duane January 1, 178417895 None
45 RichardVarick.jpg Richard Varick 1789180111 Federalist
46 Edward Livingston MET DP110365.jpg Edward Livingston 180118032 Democratic-Republican
47 Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg DeWitt Clinton (1st term)180318074Democratic-Republican
48 Marinus Willett MET DT2936.jpg Marinus Willett 180718081Democratic-Republican [4]
49 Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg DeWitt Clinton (2nd term)180818102Democratic-Republican
50 Jacob Radcliff.jpg Jacob Radcliff (1st term)181018111Federalist
51 Rembrandt Peale's portrait of DeWitt Clinton 1812 cropped.jpg DeWitt Clinton (3rd term)181118154Democratic-Republican
52 John Ferguson (New York City Mayor).jpg John Ferguson 1815181512Democratic-Republican
53 Jacob Radcliff.jpg Jacob Radcliff (2nd term)February 13, 181518183Federalist
54 Cadwallader David Colden, Mayor of New York City MET DP837770 (cropped).jpg Cadwallader D. Colden 181818213Federalist
55 Stephen Allen.jpg Stephen Allen 182118243Federalist
56 William Paulding, Jr..jpg William Paulding Jr. (1st term)182518261Democratic-Republican
57 Philip Hone by John Wesley Jarvis 1809.jpeg Philip Hone 182618271 National Republican
58 William Paulding, Jr..jpg William Paulding Jr. (2nd term)182718292Democratic-Republican
59 Walter Bowne.jpg Walter Bowne 182918323 Democratic
60 Gideon Lee.jpg Gideon Lee 183318341Democratic
61 Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence.jpg Cornelius Lawrence 183418373Democratic
62 Aaron Clark.jpg Aaron Clark 183718392 Whig
63 Isaac L. Varian.jpg Isaac L. Varian 183918412Democratic
64 Robert H. Morris.jpg Robert H. Morris 184118443Democratic
65 James-Harper old.jpg James Harper 184418451 American Republican
66 William Frederick Havemeyer.jpg William F. Havemeyer (1st term)184518461Democratic
67 Andrew H. Mickle by Edward Ludlow Mooney.jpg Andrew H. Mickle 184618471Democratic
68 William V. Brady.jpg William V. Brady 184718481Whig
69 William Frederick Havemeyer.jpg William F. Havemeyer (2nd term)184818491Democratic
70 Caleb Smith Woodhull.jpg Caleb S. Woodhull 184918511Whig
71 Ambrose C. Kingsland.jpg Ambrose Kingsland 185118531Whig
72 Jacob Aaron Westervelt.jpg Jacob A. Westervelt 185318551Democratic
73 Fernando Wood - Brady-Handy.jpg Fernando Wood (1st term)185518582Democratic
74 Daniel Fawcett Tiemann.jpg Daniel F. Tiemann 185818601Independent Party [5] [6] [7]
75 Fernando Wood - Brady-Handy.jpg Fernando Wood (2nd term)186018621Democratic
76 George Opdyke - Brady-Handy.jpg George Opdyke 186218641 Republican
77 Charles Gunther 2.jpg Charles G. Gunther 186418661Democratic
78 John T Hoffman.png John T. Hoffman 11866November 30, 1868less than 1Democratic
Acting Thomas Coman.jpg Thomas Coman 1November 30, 1868January 4, 18695 weeksDemocratic
79 A Oakey Hall, Cabinet Photo, c1870.jpg Abraham Oakey Hall 2January 4, 1869December 31, 18721Democratic
80 Wfh (cropped).jpg William F. Havemeyer 3(3rd term)January 1, 1873November 30, 1874less than 1Republican
Acting S. B. H. Vance.jpg Samuel B. H. Vance 3November 30, 1874December 31, 18741 monthRepublican
81 William H. Wickham 2.jpg William H. Wickham January 1, 1875December 31, 18761 Democratic (Reform)
82 Smith Ely Jr. - Brady-Handy.jpg Smith Ely Jr. 187718781Democratic
83 Edward Cooper.jpg Edward Cooper 187918801Democratic (Reform)
84 William Russell Grace.jpg William R. Grace (1st term)188118821Democratic (Reform)
85 Franklin Edson.jpg Franklin Edson 188318841Democratic
86 William Russell Grace.jpg William R. Grace (2nd term)188518862None
87 Abram Stevens Hewitt 1.jpg Abram Hewitt 188718881Democratic
88 Hugh J. Grant.jpg Hugh J. Grant 188918922Democratic
89 Thomas Francis Gilroy.jpg Thomas F. Gilroy 189318941Democratic
90 William L. Strong.jpg William L. Strong 4January 1, 1895December 31, 18971
(3 years)
Republican

Notes

  1. John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term. [8] Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office. [9]
  2. When Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation, the Acting Mayor of New York City was John Cochrane, the President of the New York City Council.
  3. William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office.
  4. William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.

died in office

Post-consolidation mayors (since 1897)

The 1898–1901 term was for four years. The City Charter was changed to make the mayor's term a two-year one beginning in 1902, but after two such terms was changed back to resume four-year terms in 1906. George B. McClellan Jr. thus served one two-year term from 1904 to 1905, during which he was elected to a four-year term from 1906 to 1909.

The party of the mayor reflects party registration, as opposed to the party lines run under during the general election.

# [2] PortraitNameTerm in officeLength of serviceParty affiliationPrevious office
91 Robert Anderson Van Wyck.gif Robert A. Van Wyck 1
(1849–1918; aged 69)
January 1, 1898

December 31, 1901
4 years  Democratic Chief Justice of the City Court of New York [10]
92 Seth Low.jpg Seth Low 2
(1850–1916; aged 66)
January 1, 1902

December 31, 1903
2 years  Republican 11th President of Columbia University
(1890–1901)
93 Picture of George B. McClellan, Jr..jpg George B. McClellan Jr.
(1865–1940; aged 75)
January 1, 1904

December 31, 1909
6 years Democratic U.S. Representative for New York
(1895–1903)
94 Portrait of William Jay Gaynor.jpg William Jay Gaynor 3
(1849–1913; aged 64)
January 1, 1910

September 10, 1913
3 years, 253 days Democratic Judge of the New York Supreme Court
(1893–1909)
Acting3 Ardolph Kline close-up.png Ardolph L. Kline
(1858–1930; aged 72)
September 10, 1913

December 31, 1913
113 days RepublicanPresident of the Board of Aldermen
95 Portrait of John Purroy Mitchel.jpg John P. Mitchel
(1879–1918; aged 38)
January 1, 1914

December 31, 1917
4 years RepublicanU.S. Customs Collector of the Port of New York;
President of the Board of Aldermen
96 Hylan.gif John F. Hylan 4, [11]
(1868–1936; aged 67)
January 1, 1918

December 31, 1925
8 years DemocraticCounty Judge in Brooklyn [12]
Acting4 William T. Collins (New York City mayor and judge).jpg William T. Collins
(1886-1961; aged 75)
December 31, 1925 [11] 1 day DemocraticPresident of the Board of Aldermen [11]
97 James Walker NYWTS crop.jpg Jimmy Walker 5
(1881–1946; aged 65)
January 1, 1926

September 1, 1932
6 years, 244 days
(6 years, 8 months)
 Democratic New York State Senator
(1919–1925)
Acting5 Mayor Joseph V McKee.jpg Joseph V. McKee
(1889–1956; aged 66)
September 1, 1932

January 1, 1933
121 days
(4 months)
 DemocraticPresident of the Board of Aldermen
98 John P. O'Brien 1920.png John P. O'Brien
(1873–1951; aged 78)
January 1, 1933

December 31, 1933
1 year DemocraticSurrogate of New York County [13]
99 Fiorello LaGuardia 140x190.jpg Fiorello H. La Guardia
(1882–1947; aged 64)
January 1, 1934

December 31, 1945
12 years Republican [14] U.S. Representative for New York
(1922–1933)
100 William O'Dwyer.jpg William O'Dwyer 6
(1890–1964; aged 74)
January 1, 1946

August 31, 1950
4 years, 243 days
(4 years, 8 months)
 Democratic Brooklyn District Attorney
(1939–1945)
Acting7 Impelliteri and BG crop.jpg Vincent R. Impellitteri 6
(1900–1987; aged 86)
August 31, 1950

November 14, 1950
75 days Democratic
(as acting mayor)
President of the City Council
(1945–1949)
101November 14, 1950

December 31, 1953
3 years, 48 days Experience Party
(as elected mayor)
Acting Mayor
102 RobertFWagner.png Robert F. Wagner Jr.
(1910–1991; aged 80)
January 1, 1954

December 31, 1965
12 years Democratic17th Borough President of Manhattan
(1950–1953)
103 John Lindsay NYWTS 1 (cropped).jpg John Lindsay
(1921–2000; aged 79)
January 1, 1966

December 31, 1973
8 years Republican 8 U.S. Representative for New York
(1959–1965)
 Democratic
104 Abraham D. Beame.jpg Abraham Beame
(1906–2001; aged 94)
January 1, 1974

December 31, 1977
4 years Democratic36th and 38th New York City Comptroller
(1962-1965, 1970–1973)
105 Ed Koch 1978.jpg Ed Koch
(1924–2013; aged 88)
January 1, 1978

December 31, 1989
12 years Democratic U.S. Representative for New York
(1969–1977)
106 David dinkins.jpg David Dinkins
(1927–2020; aged 93)
January 1, 1990

December 31, 1993
4 years Democratic 23rd Borough President of Manhattan
(1986–1989)
107 Rudy Giuliani 2000 (cropped).jpg Rudy Giuliani
(born 1944; age 79)
January 1, 1994

December 31, 2001
8 years Republican United States Attorney for
the Southern District of New York

(1983–1989)
108 Mike Bloomberg Headshot.jpg Michael Bloomberg
(born 1942; age 82)
January 1, 2002

December 31, 2013
12 years Republican 9 CEO of Bloomberg L.P.
(1981–2001)
 None
109 Bill de Blasio by Gage Skidmore.jpg Bill de Blasio
(born 1961; age 62)
January 1, 2014

December 31, 2021
8 years Democratic3rd New York City Public Advocate
(2010–2013)
110 Nancy Pelosi and Eric Adams at the Speaker's Balcony (cropped).jpg Eric Adams
(born 1960; age 63)
January 1, 2022

Incumbent
2 years, 99 days Democratic18th Borough President of Brooklyn
(2014–2022)

Notes

  1. Randolph Gugghenheimer I (born 1846) served as acting mayor in 1900 while Robert A. Van Wyck was away. [15] [16]
  2. Seth Low previously served as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885.
  3. William Jay Gaynor died September 10, 1913. Ardolph L. Kline, the unelected President of the Board of Aldermen, succeeded as acting mayor upon Gaynor's death, but then sought re-election as an alderman (successfully) rather than election as mayor. Kline has thus been the only mayor since 1834 never to win a citywide election (having been appointed Vice President of the Board of Aldermen by his colleagues and then succeeding to the presidency mid-term, rather than winning it by popular election at large).
  4. John Hylan and Police Commissioner Richard Enright resigned December 30, 1925 to ensure that they received their city pensions, which they may not have been entitled to keep had they stayed in office for one more day. William T. Collins became acting Mayor for one day, prior to the inauguration of Jimmy Walker [11]
  5. Jimmy Walker resigned September 1, 1932 and went to Europe, amid allegations of corruption in his administration. Joseph V. McKee, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became acting mayor in Walker's place, but was then defeated in a special election by John P. O'Brien.
  6. William O'Dwyer resigned August 31, 1950, during a police corruption scandal, after which he was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Harry S. Truman.
  7. Vincent R. Impellitteri, President of the New York City Council, became acting mayor when O'Dwyer resigned on August 31, 1950, and was then elected to the office in a special election held on November 7, 1950. He was inaugurated on November 14.
  8. John Lindsay switched party affiliation from Republican to Democrat in 1971 and ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for president in 1972. [17]
  9. Michael Bloomberg was a lifelong Democrat before registering as a Republican in 2001 and running for mayor. He then registered as an Independent in 2007, and re-registered as a Democrat in 2018 in preparation for his unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020. [18]

died in office

Appendices

Mayoral terms and term limits in New York City since 1834

Direct elections to the mayoralty of the unconsolidated City of New York began in 1834 for a term of one year, extended to two years after 1849. The 1897 Charter of the consolidated City stipulated that the mayor was to be elected for a single four-year term. In 1901, the term halved to two years, with no restrictions on reelection. In 1905, the term was extended to four years once again. (Mayors Fiorello La Guardia, Robert F. Wagner Jr. and Ed Koch were later able to serve for twelve years each.) [19] In 1993, the voters approved a two-term (eight-year) limit, and reconfirmed this limit when the issue was submitted to referendum in 1996. In 2008, the New York City Council voted to change the two-term limit to three terms (without submitting the issue to the voters). [20] Legal challenges to the Council's action were rejected by Federal courts in January and April 2009. [21] However, in 2010, yet another referendum, reverting the limit to two terms, passed overwhelmingly. [22]

YearTermTerm
limit
YearsMayor(s) affected
Unconsolidated City
18341 year(no limit)(unlimited)all from Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence to Caleb S. Woodhull
18492 years(no limit)(unlimited)all from Ambrose Kingsland to William L. Strong 1
Greater New York (The Five Boroughs)
18974 years
1 term
4 years
Robert A. Van Wyck
19012 years(no limit)(unlimited) Seth Low and George B. McClellan Jr. 2
19054 years(no limit)(unlimited)all from George B. McClellan Jr. 2to David Dinkins 3
19934 years
2 terms
8 years
Rudolph Giuliani 4
20084 years
3 terms
12 years
Michael Bloomberg only 4, 5
20104 years
2 terms
8 years
Bill de Blasio and his successors 6

Principal source: The Encyclopedia of New York City [23] especially the entries for "charter" and "mayoralty".

  1. Mayor Strong, elected in 1894, served an extra year because no municipal election was held in 1896, in anticipation of the consolidated City's switch to odd-year elections.
  2. George B. McClellan Jr. was elected to one two-year term (1904–1906) and one four-year term (1906-1910).
  3. David Dinkins was not affected by the term limit enacted in 1993 because he had served only one term by 1993 and failed to win re-election.
  4. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan coincided with the primary elections for a successor to Mayor Giuliani, who was completing his second and final term of office. Many were so impressed by both the urgency of the situation and Giuliani's response that they wanted to keep him in office beyond December 31, 2001, either by removing the term limit or by extending his service for a few months. [24] However, neither happened, the primary elections (with the same candidates) were re-run on September 25, the general election was held as scheduled on November 6, and Michael Bloomberg took office on the regularly appointed date of January 1, 2002.
  5. On October 2, 2008, Michael Bloomberg announced that he would ask the city council to extend the limit for mayor, council and other officers from two terms to three, and that, should such an extended limit prevail, he himself would seek re-election as mayor. [25] On October 23, the New York City Council voted 29–22 to extend the two-term limit to three terms. (A proposed amendment to submit the vote to a public referendum had failed earlier the same day by a vote of 22–28 with one abstention.) [20]
  6. In November 2010, yet another popular referendum, limiting mayoral terms to two, passed overwhelmingly. [22]

Interrupted terms

Mayors John T. Hoffman (1866–1868, elected Governor 1868), William Havemeyer (1845–1846, 1848–1849, and 1873–1874), William Jay Gaynor (1910–1913), John Francis Hylan (1918–1925), Jimmy Walker (1926–1932), and William O'Dwyer (1946–1950) failed to complete the final terms to which they were elected. The uncompleted mayoral terms of Hoffman, Walker, and O'Dwyer were added to the other offices elected in (respectively) 1868, 1932, and 1950 [those three elections are listed as "special" in the table below because they occurred before the next regularly scheduled mayoral election; the "regular" mayoral elections of 1874 and 1913, on the other hand, were held on the same day that they would have happened had the mayoralty not become vacant.]

Interrupted terms of New York City's elected mayors since 1834
Elected mayor
Last elected
End of service
Interim successor1, 2
Election
Elected successor3
Dec. 1867
resigned November 30, 1868
Dec. 1868 (special) A. Oakey Hall (D)
Nov. 1872
died November 30, 1874
Nov. 1874 (regular) William H. Wickham (D)
died September 10, 1913
Nov. 1913 (regular) John P. Mitchel (Fusion)
Nov. 1921
resigned December 30, 1925
Nov. 1925 (regular) Jimmy Walker (D)
resigned September 1, 1932
Nov. 1932 (special) John P. O'Brien (D)
resigned August 31, 1950
Nov. 1950 (special) Vincent Impellitteri
(Experience)

† Became acting mayor as the president of the board of aldermen or (in 1950) city council.

(D) = (Democratic)

(R) = (Republican)

  1. Mayor Havemeyer was a Democrat who ran as a Republican against the Democratic Tweed Ring in 1872.
  2. Acting Mayors Coman, Vance, Kline and Collins did not seek election as mayor.
  3. Acting Mayors McKee and Impellitteri were Democrats who lost the Democratic primary to succeed themselves, but still ran in the general election as independents.
  4. Elected Mayor Oakey Hall won re-election, while Mayor Wickham did not seek it. Mayors Mitchel and O'Brien lost attempts at re-election, while Mayor Impellitteri did not run for a full term in the 1953 regular general election after losing the Democratic primary.

Mayors of the City of Brooklyn, 1834–1897

Brooklyn elected a mayor from 1834 until consolidation in 1898 into the City of Greater New York, whose own second mayor (1902–1903), Seth Low, had been Mayor of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885. Since 1898, Brooklyn has, in place of a separate mayor, elected a Borough President.

Mayors of the City of Brooklyn [26]
Mayor PartyStart yearEnd year
George Hall Democratic-Republican 18341834
Jonathan Trotter Democratic 18351836
Jeremiah Johnson Whig 18371838
Cyrus P. Smith Whig 18391841
Henry C. Murphy Democratic 18421842
Joseph Sprague Democratic 18431844
Thomas G. Talmage Democratic 18451845
Francis B. Stryker Whig 18461848
Edward Copland Whig 18491849
Samuel Smith Democratic 18501850
Conklin Brush Whig 18511852
Edward A. Lambert Democratic 18531854
George Hall Know Nothing 18551856
Samuel S. Powell Democratic 18571860
Martin Kalbfleisch Democratic 18611863
Alfred M. Wood Republican 18641865
Samuel Booth Republican 18661867
Martin Kalbfleisch Democratic 18681871
Samuel S. Powell Democratic 18721873
John W. Hunter Democratic 18741875
Frederick A. Schroeder Republican 18761877
James Howell Democratic 18781881
Seth Low Republican 18821885
Daniel D. Whitney Democratic 18861887
Alfred C. Chapin Democratic 18881891
David A. Boody Democratic 18921893
Charles A. Schieren Republican 18941895
Frederick W. Wurster Republican 18961897

Mayors of Long Island City, 1870–1897

Long Island City, now within the Borough of Queens, was incorporated as a city in its own right on May 4, 1870 and (like the City of Brooklyn) consolidated into the present Greater New York City on January 1, 1898.

No.NameStarting year of officeEnding year of office
1 Abram D. Ditmars (1st term)18701872
2 Henry S. DeBevoise (1st term)18721873 Sept.
(-) George H. Hunter (acting)1873 Sept.1874 April
2 Henry S. DeBevoise (1st term resumed)1874 April1875
3Abram D. Ditmars (2nd term)1875
(-)John Quinn (acting)1876
4Henry S. DeBevoise (2nd term)18761883
5 George Petry 18831886
6 Patrick J. Gleason (1st term)18871889
Patrick J. Gleason (2nd term)18901892
7 Horatio S. Sanford 18931895
8 Patrick J. Gleason (3rd term)18951897
Sources: James Bradley for The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, ISBN   0-300-05536-6); (p. 690, 3rd Column, under "Long Island City");
James Nevlus, Long Island City's Forgotten History (Curbed New York, November 16, 2018) https://ny.curbed.com/2018/11/16/18097555/amazon-hq2-long-island-city-nyc-history

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York City Council</span> City council; lawmaking body of New York City, U.S.

The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of New York City in the United States. It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs.

The borough president are the chief executives of the five boroughs of New York City. For most of the city's history, the office exercised significant executive powers within each borough, and the five borough presidents also sat on the New York City Board of Estimate. Since 1990, the borough presidents have been stripped of a majority of their powers in the government of New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey</span> Political office in Jersey City, NJ, USA

The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of the government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint deputy mayors, department heads, and aides; and approve or veto ordinances passed by the City Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four-year term without term limits, although the current term is a four-and-a-half-year term, due to a change in election dates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Frederick Havemeyer</span> American politician and businessman (1804–1874)

William Frederick Havemeyer was an American businessman and politician who served three times as mayor of New York City during the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Murray Hulbert</span> American judge

George Murray Hulbert was a United States representative from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1917 New York City mayoral election</span> American election

The 1917 New York City mayoral election replaced sitting mayor John P. Mitchel, a reform Democrat running on the Fusion Party ticket, with John F. Hylan, the regular Democrat supported by Tammany Hall and William Randolph Hearst.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York County District Attorney</span> Elected district attorney for Manhattan

The New York County District Attorney, also known as the Manhattan District Attorney, is the elected district attorney for New York County (Manhattan), New York. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws. The current district attorney is Alvin Bragg. He was elected in 2021 to succeed Cyrus Vance Jr.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queens County District Attorney</span>

The District Attorney of Queens County is the elected district attorney for Queens County in New York State, coterminous with the New York City borough of Queens. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws.. The current Queens County District Attorney is Melinda Katz, who assumed the duties of the office on January 1, 2020. There was an inauguration on January 6, 2020 at her alma mater, St. Johns University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bronx County District Attorney</span>

The Bronx County District Attorney is the elected district attorney for Bronx County, which is coterminous with the Borough of the Bronx, in New York City. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws.. The current Bronx County District Attorney is Darcel Clark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brooklyn District Attorney</span>

The Kings County District Attorney's Office, also known as the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, is the district attorney's office for Kings County, coterminous with the Borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of the laws of New York.. The current district attorney is Eric Gonzalez.

References

  1. Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). The Constitutional History of New York: From the Beginning of the Colonial Period to the Year 1905, Showing the Origin, Development, and Judicial Construction of the Constitution – Volume 2. Rochester, N.Y.: The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company. p. 6. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  2. 1 2 "The Green Book: Mayors of the City of New York" Archived March 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine on the official NYC website. When a former mayor serves again after a break in office, a new number is assigned to his resumed service. However, the six acting mayoralties are unnumbered.
  3. Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-195-11634-8. pp.99–100
  4. Caldwell, John; Rogue, Oswaldo Rodriguez; Johnson, Dale T. (March 1, 1994). American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 256.
  5. Mooney, James E. "Tiemann, Daniel F(awcett)" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 1314–15. ISBN   978-0-300-11465-2.
  6. Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 . New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 850–51. ISBN   0-195-11634-8.
  7. Trager, James (2003), The New York Chronology, New York: HarperCollins, p. 113, ISBN   0-06-074062-0
  8. Staff (November 17, 1868). "Local Intelligence — Board of Aldermen — Resignation of the Mayor". The New York Times . p. 2. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  9. Staff (January 5, 1869). "Municipal Affairs — Organization of the Common Council — The Mayor's Message — The City Budget for 1869 — Comparison of Taxation in 1868 and 1869". The New York Times . p. 2. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  10. Staff (November 7, 1897). "Robert A. Van Wyck". The New York Times Magazine . p. 2. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Staff (December 31, 1925). "Hylan And Enright Out With Pensions; Last-Hour Shifts In Police Department; Walker Fills Important City Posts — Collins Mayor for a Day — Leach is the Active Head of the Police Force for the Last Day of 1925 — Hylan to Get $4,205 A Year — Retirement Voted by Board of Estimate, He Quits to Assure Pension — Enright to Draw $5,000 — Approval of His Retirement as Commissioner One of Hylan's Last Official Acts". The New York Times . p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  12. Staff (November 7, 1917). "How Hylan Reached The Mayor's Chair — Came Here from the Farm and First Worked as a Tracklayer — To School After Marriage — Long Active in Civic Affairs in Brooklyn — Mayoralty Said to Have Been His Ambition". The New York Times . p. 5. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  13. Staff (November 10, 1932). "O'Brien Will Stay on Bench Till Jan. 1 — Mayor-Elect Says, However, He Will Devote Spare Time to Study of City's Problems — Renews Economy Pledge — Silent on Protest Vote — McKee Among Thousands Who Send Congratulatory Messages". The New York Times . p. 5. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  14. Staff (November 5, 1933). "List of Candidates Who Will Be on Ballots in Municipal Election Nov. 7". The New York Times . p. N2. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  15. "Acting Mayor Boomed Long Branch Property by Buying Drexel Cottage". The New York Times . August 20, 1900. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  16. "Randolph Gugghenheimer". Jewish Encyclopedia. Guggenheimer acted as mayor of New York city during the absence of the incumbent.
  17. "Lindsay the Democrat". The New York Times . August 12, 1971. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  18. Wise, Justin (October 10, 2018). "Bloomberg re-registers as Democrat". The Hill . Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  19. For further details, see Third Term No Charm, Historians Say by Sewell Chan, The New York Times "City Room", published and retrieved on October 1, 2008.
  20. 1 2 Sewell Chan and Jonathan P. Hicks, Council Votes, 29 to 22, to Extend Term Limits, The New York Times , published on-line and retrieved on October 23, 2008.
  21. Fernanda Santos: The Future of Term Limits Is in Court, The New York Times , New York edition, October 24, 2008, page A24 (retrieved on October 24, 2008), Judge Rejects Suit Over Term Limits, The New York Times, New York edition, January 14, 2009, page A26, and Appeals Court Upholds Term Limits Revision, The New York Times City Room Blog, April 28, 2009 (both retrieved on July 6, 2009). The original January decision by Judge Charles Sifton of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Long Island, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island) was upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (Vermont, Connecticut and New York state).
  22. 1 2 Hernandez, Javier C. (November 3, 2010). "Term Limits in New York City Are Approved Again". The New York Times.
  23. “The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, ISBN   0-300-05536-6 )
  24. See, for example, these stories from The New York Times: "In Crisis Giuliani’s Popularity Overflows City", by Jennifer Steinhauer, September 20, 2001, "A Shift in the Ritual, and Meaning, of Voting", by Mirta Ojito, September 26, 2001 and "Giuliani Explores A Term Extension Of 2 Or 3 Months", by Jennifer Steinhauer with Michael Cooper, September 27, 2001.
  25. Sewell Chan, Bloomberg Says He Wants a Third Term as Mayor, The New York Times , published and retrieved on October 2, 2008.
  26. “The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995, ISBN   0-300-05536-6 ); (p. 149, 3rd Column.)