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This article lists political parties in People's Republic of Bangladesh.
Since the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1991, Bangladesh has a fading two-party system, which means that two political parties dominates the general elections, centrist Awami League (AL) and centre-right Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of another party.
However, though the AL and BNP dominated Bangladesh politics for a long time, currently these two are heading coalitions of like-minded parties with the AL leading the left-of-centre parties and the BNP is rallying the right-of-centre parties. [1]
A party is recognised as a registered party only if it fulfils any two of the conditions listed below: [2]
- A party needs to secure at least one seat with its electoral symbol in two previous parliamentary elections.
- Securing of five percent of total votes cast in the constituencies in which its candidates took part in any of the aforesaid parliamentary elections.
- It needs to set up a functional central office, by whatever name it may be called with a central committee, having offices at least in one-third administrative districts, and offices at least in 100 upazilas or metropolitan thanas. And the party must have a minimum 200 voters as its members in each upazila.
These are all of the political parties that holds at least a seat in the Bangladeshi Parliament
Symbol or flag | Name | Founded | Ideology | Leader | MPs | Most MPs | Political position | Affiliation | Local government | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Municipalities | Cities | Villages | ||||||||||
Bangladesh Awami League বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bangladesh People's League | 1949 | Sheikh Hasina | 271 / 350 | 306 (2020); 97.7% (1973) | Centre | GA | 136 / 330 | 10 / 12 | 2,187 / 4,562 | |||
Jatiya Party (Ershad) জাতীয় পার্টি National Party (Ershad) | 1986 | GM Quader | 13 / 350 | 256 (68.4%; 1988) | Centre-right | 1 / 330 | 1 / 12 | 16 / 4,562 | ||||
Workers Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি | 1980 | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Rashed Khan Menon | 1 / 350 | 6 (1.7%; 2014) | Far-left | GA | 0 / 330 | 0 / 12 | 2 / 4,562 | ||
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal জাতীয় সমাজতান্ত্রিক দল National Socialist Party | 1972 | Socialism | Hasanul Haq Inu | 1 / 350 | 8 (2.67%; 1977) | Left-wing | GA | 1 / 330 | 0 / 12 | 2 / 4,562 | ||
Bangladesh Kalyan Party বাংলাদেশ কল্যাণ পার্টি Bangladesh Welfare Party | 2007 | Welfarism Bangladeshi nationalism Islamic democracy | Syed Muhammad Ibrahim | 1 / 350 | 1 (0.33%; 2024) | Radical centre | 0 / 330 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 4,562 | |||
Independents স্বতন্ত্র | 62 / 350 | 62 (20.6%; 2024) | 0 / 330 | 1 / 12 | 1,562 / 4,562 |
The Grand Alliance (মহাজোট) is a coalition government in Bangladesh that formed in 2008 and consisted of the Bangladesh Awami League, Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal- JASAD, Workers Party and three other parties.
The Liberal Democratic Party left the Grand Alliance before the election and contested independently. It joined the 18 Party Alliance in 2012.
The Left Democratic Alliance is an alliance of 8 Leftist Political parties including Communist Party of Bangladesh, Basad, Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh, United Communist League Of Bangladesh, Ganatantrik Biplobi Party, Bam Gonotantrik Andolon and Gonoshonghoti Andolon. [3]
The Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali : বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; English: Bangladesh People's League) is one of the two largest political parties of Bangladesh. It is the country's current governing party, after winning a majority in heavily criticized 2014 parliamentary elections where the majority of seats were uncontested. [4] The All Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded in Dhaka, the capital of the Pakistani province of East Bengal, in 1949 by Bengali nationalists Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Yar Mohammad Khan, Shamsul Huq, and later Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. In 1953, the party's council meeting voted to drop the word "Muslim" from its name in order to give it a more secular outlook, owing to the need to include the province's large Hindu population in Pakistani politics. Amongst the leaders of the Awami League, five have become the President of Bangladesh, four have become the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and one became the Prime Minister of Pakistan. His daughter and also the incumbent Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, has headed the party since 1981. |
The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (Bengali : বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দল, transliterated: Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Dôl), often abbreviated as BNP was founded on 1 September 1978 by Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman, politician and physician A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, human rights activist and lawyer Moudud Ahmed and leftist politician Mashiur Rahman as the key people. BNP has won the second, fifth, sixth and eighth national elections and two presidential elections, in 1978 and 1981 respectively. The party also holds the record of being the largest opposition in the history of parliamentary elections of the country with 116 seats in the seventh national election of 1996. [5] The party does not have any representation in the parliament after its boycott of the national election of 2014 which the party had termed a scandalous farce and was marked by a very low turnout. [6] |
The Jatiya Party (Ershad) (Bengali : জাতীয় পার্টি; English: National Party (Ershad)) was established by President Hussain Mohammad Ershad on 1 January 1986. The Army Chief Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad had usurped the state power by a coup d'état on 24 March 1982, and ruled the country as chief martial law administrator till December 1983. Political parties and activity had been prohibited during the state of emergency, when Justice A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury was appointed President of Bangladesh. The Jatiya Party had a rift in leadership and an internal wrangle in 2000. The three factions were headed by General Ershad, Anwar Hossain Manju and Naziur Rahman Manju. In the general elections of 2001, the Ershad group of the Jatiya Party won 14 seats, and the Anwar Hossain group won one seat. |
These are all the parties that are currently registered under Election Commission. [7]
Name | Founded | Ideology | Leader | Political position | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AL | Bangladesh Awami League বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ | 1949 | Sheikh Hasina | Centre | ||
BNP | Bangladesh Nationalist Party বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দল | 1978 | Khaleda Zia | Centre-right | ||
JP-E | Jatiya Party (Ershad) জাতীয় পার্টি | 1986 | GM Quader | Centre-right | ||
CPB | Communist Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের কমিউনিস্ট পার্টি | 1948 | Shah Alam | Far-left | ||
SPB | Socialist Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের সমাজতান্ত্রিক দল | 1980 | Comrade Bazlur Rashid Firoz | Left | ||
WPB | Workers Party of Bangladesh বাংলাদেশের ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি | 1980 | Rashed Khan Menon | Far-left | ||
JASAD | Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal জাতীয় সমাজতান্ত্রিক দল (জাসদ) | 1972 | Socialism | Hasanul Haque Inu | Left-wing | |
BDB | Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh বিকল্পধারা বাংলাদেশ | 2004 | A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury | Centre | ||
GF | Gano Forum গণফোরাম | 1992 | Secularism | Kamal Hossain | Centre | |
JP-M | Jatiya Party (Manju) জাতীয় পার্টি - জেপি | 2014 | Anwar Hossain Manju | Centre-right | ||
BTF | Bangladesh Tarikat Federation বাংলাদেশ তরিকত ফেডারেশন | 2005 | Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari | Right-wing | ||
LDP | Liberal Democratic Party লিবারেল ডেমোক্রেটিক পার্টি | 2006 | Economic Liberalisation | Oli Ahmed | Centre | |
BSD-ML | Bangladesh Samyabadi Dal বাংলাদেশের সাম্যবাদী দল (এম.এল) | Dilip Barua | Left to Far-left | |||
KSJL | Krishak Sramik Janata League কৃষক শ্রমিক জনতা লীগ | 1999 | Bangabir Kader Siddique | Centre left | ||
GP | Ganatantri Party গণতন্ত্রী পার্টি | Secularism | Md Arash Ali | |||
NAP | National Awami Party ন্যাশনাল আওয়ামী পার্টি | 1967 | Socialism | Amina Ahmed | ||
JSD | Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD জাতীয় সমাজতান্ত্রিক দল-জেএসডি | 2002 | Socialism | A.S.M Abdur Rab | Left | |
ZP | Zaker Party জাকের পার্টি | Khaja Babaism | Mustafa Amir Faisal | Right wing | ||
BJP | Bangladesh Jatiya Party বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় পার্টি-বিজেপি | 2001 | Nationalism | Barrister Andaleeve Rahman Partho | Centre | |
BKF | Khilafat Andolan বাংলাদেশ খেলাফত আন্দোলন | 1981 | Islamic democracy | Mawlana Ataullah | Right | |
BML | Bangladesh Muslim League বাংলাদেশ মুসলিম লীগ | 1906 | Muslim nationalism | Jubeda Kader Chaudhuri | ||
NPP | National People's Party ন্যাশনাল পিপলস্ পার্টি (এনপিপি) | Sheikh Salauddin Salu | ||||
JUI | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam জমিয়তে উলামায়ে ইসলাম বাংলাদেশ | Islamic democracy | Sheikh Zia Uddin | |||
GF | Gano Front গণফ্রন্ট | 1995 | Secularism | Jakir Hossain | Left wing | |
BDNAP | Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP বাংলাদেশ ন্যাশনাল আওয়ামী পার্টি-বাংলাদেশ ন্যাপ | 1971 | Socialism | Jobel Rahman Gani | ||
BJP | Bangladesh Jatiya Party বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় পার্টি | M. A. Mukit | ||||
IFB | Islamic Front Bangladesh ইসলামিক ফ্রন্ট বাংলাদেশ | Mujaddedism | Bahadur Shah Mujaddedi | |||
BKP | Bangladesh Kallyan Party বাংলাদেশ কল্যাণ পার্টি | Welfarism | Sayad Muhammad Ibrahim | |||
IOJ | Islami Oikya Jote ইসলামী ঐক্যজোট | Islamic democracy | Abul Hasnat Amini | |||
BKM | Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish বাংলাদেশ খেলাফত মজলিস | 1989 | Islamic democracy | Habibur Rahman | ||
IAB | Islami Andolan Bangladesh ইসলামী আন্দোলন বাংলাদেশ | Mawlana Sayad Md.Rezaul Karim (Chormonai Pir) | Islami Shariah | |||
BIF | Bangladesh Islami Front বাংলাদেশ ইসলামী ফ্রন্ট | 1990 | Sunni Sufism | M.A. Matin | ||
BBWP | Bangladesher Biplobi Workers Party বাংলাদেশের বিপ্লবী ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি | 2004 | Saiful Haq | |||
KM | Khelafat Majlish খেলাফত মজলিস | 1989 | Islamic democracy | Mawlana Mohammad Ishaq | ||
BML | Bangladesh Muslim League-BML বাংলাদেশ মুসলিম লীগ-বিএমএল | Muslim nationalism | A.H.M. Kamruzzaman | |||
BSM | Bangladesh Sanskritik Muktijot বাংলাদেশ সাংস্কৃতিক মুক্তিজোট (মুক্তিজোট) | Secularism | Abdur Razzak Mullah | |||
BNF | Bangladesh Nationalist Front বাংলাদেশ ন্যাশনালিস্ট ফ্রন্ট-বিএনএফ | 2012 | Secularism | M.A. Abul Kalam Azad | ||
NDM | Jatiotabadi Ganatantric Andolon জাতীয়তাবাদী গণতান্ত্রিক আন্দোলন-এনডিএম | 2017 | Bobby Hajjaj | |||
BC | Bangladesh Congress বাংলাদেশ কংগ্রেস | 2013 | Secularism | Kazi Rezaul Hossen | ||
Grassroots BNP | Grassroots Bangladesh Nationalist Party তৃণমূল বিএনপি | 2015 | Secularism | Nazmul Huda | ||
Insaniyat | Humanity Revolution Bangladesh ইনসানিয়াত বিপ্লব, বাংলাদেশ [8] [9] | 2010 | Humanitarian | Allama Imam Hayat | ||
Bangladesh JASAD | Bangladesh National Socialist Party- Bangladesh JASAD বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সমাজতান্ত্রীক দল- বাংলাদেশ জাসদ | Socialism Scientific socialism | Sarif Nurul Ambia | Left to Far-left |
Name | Founded | Ideology | Leader | Political position | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCJSS | Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম জনসংহতি সমিতি | 1972 | Autonomy of the indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts | Shantu Larma | Syncretism (socially far-right, economically left-wing) | |
UPDF | United People's Democratic Front ইউনাইটেড পিপলস ডেমোক্রেটিক ফ্রন্ট | 1998 | Autonomy of the indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts | Prasit Bikash Khisa | Syncretism (socially far-right, economically left-wing) |
Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments.
The Bangladesh Nationalist Party is a major political party in Bangladesh. Founded on 1 September 1978 by the late Bangladeshi president Ziaur Rahman, with a view of uniting people with a nationalist ideology, BNP later came out as one of the two most dominant parties in Bangladesh, along with its archrival Awami League. Initially being a big tent centrist party, it moved towards more right-wing politics later.
The prime minister of Bangladesh, officially prime minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the chief executive of the government of Bangladesh. The prime minister and the cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The prime minister is ceremonially appointed by the president of Bangladesh.
Hussain Muhammad Ershad was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the president of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990, heading a military dictatorship.
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The Jatiya Party is a centre-right, conservative, nationalist political party in Bangladesh and is currently the main opposition in the Jatiya Sangsad, against the Awami League. The current chairman of the party is Begum Rowshan Ershad. On 3 January 2019, the party announced its decision to join the Bangladesh Awami League-led Grand Alliance after having been in opposition for the previous parliamentary term. However, the party backtracked the next day and announced that it intended to remain part of the opposition. Currently, it holds Rangpur out of Bangladesh's 12 city corporations.
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Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party is a communist party in Bangladesh. The party played a role in the independence struggle of the country. In the early 1970s it engaged in armed struggle supporting the new Bangladeshi state. Since then its political fortunes have dwindled, having suffered from several waves of internal divisions. The group remains active, and still carries out attacks against its opponents.
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The Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal is a political party in Bangladesh. The party was founded by Serajul Alam Khan. The party was very dominant during 1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency.
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