List of shortwave radio broadcasters

Last updated

This is a List of shortwave radio broadcasters updated on Mar 21, 2024: [1] [2]

Contents

By country

StateBroadcasterFirst shortwave broadcastLast shortwave broadcastCurrently broadcasting on SWCurrently broadcasting onlineNotes
Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Radio Kabul 20112020No
Flag of Albania.svg Albania Radio Tirana 19372022NoYesRelayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) from 2017-2022. Online as Radio Tirana International.
Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Radio Algérienne 1962Yes
Flag of Angola.svg Angola Rádio Nacional de Angola 19792022No
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior 1949YesRelayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI)
Radio Nacional Arcángel San Gabriel 1979Yes
Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Public Radio of Armenia 19262018No
Dengê Kurdistanê 2012Yes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Radio Australia 19392017NoYesOperated by the public Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Continues online as ABC Radio Australia/ABC Pacific
2FC1925?1930?NoNo
3LO1925?1930?NoNo
4QG1925?1930?NoNo
6WF19251929NoNoTransmissions of shortwave parallel ceased Sep 1929 when ABC/PMG assumed control
VLR1925?1930?NoNo
VK2ME1925?1930?NoNo
VK3ME1925?1930?NoNo
VK6ME1925?1930?NoNo
Reach Beyond Australia 2003YesReligious broadcaster. Based in Kilsyth, Victoria
Radio Hobart International 2004YesBased in Hobart, Tasmania.
North Queensland Radio 2017YesBased in Innisfail, Queensland.
Shortwave Australia 2022YesBased in Bendigo, Victoria.
77400 FM 20172018NoBased in Alice Springs, Northern Territory.
Ozy Radio20172018NoBased in Perth, Western Australia.
Radio Symban20082018NoBased in Sydney, New South Wales.
Genesis Radio20162018NoBased in Sydney, New South Wales.
Station X20162018NoBased in Wee Waa, New South Wales.
Unique Radio20162018NoBased in Gunnedah, New South Wales. Relays via WINB.
Flag of Austria.svg Austria Radio Austria International 19552003No
Ö1 International 20032009No
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan İctimai Radio 20062018No
Voice of Justice1997Yes
Voice of Talyshistan2013Yes
Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Radio Bahrain 19712019No
Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Bangladesh Betar 1939Yes
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Radio Belarus 19622016No
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium RTBF International 20042009No
Flag of Benin.svg Benin Radiodiffusion et télévision du Bénin 19722009No
Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Bhutan Broadcasting Service 19912020NoLast Heard in November 2020
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia Radio Mosoj Chaski 1999YesBased in Cochabamba.
Radio Santa Ana del Yacuma1999YesBased in Santa Ana del Yacuma, Beni Department.
Radio San Miguel ?YesBased in Riberalta, Beni Department.
Radio Eco ?YesBased in Reyes, Beni Department.
Radio Fides  ?YesBased in La Paz.
Radio Panamericana 1972YesBased in La Paz.
Radio Patria Nueva  ?YesBased in La Paz.
Radio Pio XII  ?YesBased in Siglo Veinte, Oruro Department.
Radio Yura2000YesBased in Yura, Potosi Department.
Radio Santa Cruz 1975YesBased in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Department.
Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Radio Botswana 19652007No
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Rádio Nacional da Amazônia 1977YesBased in Brasília, Distrito Federal. Operated by the public EBC. Targeted to the population of Brazilian Amazon.
Radio Integração ?YesBroadcast from Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.
Radio Verdes Florestas ?YesBroadcast from Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.
Rádio Difusora do Amazonas 1948YesBroadcast from Manaus, Amazonas.
Rádio Rio Mar 19542017NoBroadcast from Manaus, Amazonas.
Rádio Brasil Central 1950YesBroadcast from Goiânia, Goiás.
Rádio Daqui  ?2017NoBroadcast from Goiânia, Goiás.
Rádio Inconfidência 1936YesBroadcast from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Operated by Empresa Mineira de Comunicação (Minas Gerais Communication Company), the public broadcasting company of the state of Minas Gerais.
Rádio Itatiaia 19522017NoBroadcast from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.
Rádio Congonhas  ?YesBroadcast from Congonhas, Minas Gerais.
Rádio Marumby 1976YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Curitiba, Paraná.
Radio Cultura Filadélfia ?YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná.
Rádio Alvorada de Londrina 2001YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Londrina, Paraná.
Rádio Difusora de Londrina 1950YesBroadcast from Londrina, Paraná.
Rádio Clube do Pará 1928YesBroadcast from Belém, Pará.
Radio Rural ?YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Santarem, Pará.
Radio Relogio ?YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro.
Rádio Gaúcha 1927YesBroadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.
Rádio Guaíba 1957YesBroadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.
Super Rede Boa Vontade 1992YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.
Rádio Trans Mundial 19702018NoReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
Radio Caiari ?NoReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Porto Velho, Rondônia.
Rádio Roraima  ?YesBroadcast from Boa Vista, Roraima.
Rádio Cultura de Cuiabá  ?YesBroadcast from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso.
Rádio Voz Missionária  ?YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Camboriú, Santa Catarina.
Rádio Nove de Julho 1953YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo.
Rádio Bandeirantes 19372017NoBroadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo.
Rádio Deus é Amor 1962YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from São Paulo, São Paulo.
Rádio Canção Nova 1980YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo.
Rádio Aparecida 1951YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Aparecida, São Paulo.
Rádio Cultura 1932YesBroadcast from Araraquara, São Paulo.
Rádio Meteorologia  ?YesBroadcast from Ibitinga, São Paulo.
Rádio Educadora 1939YesBroadcast from Limeira, São Paulo.
Rádio Novo Tempo 1989YesReligious broadcaster. Broadcast from Jacareí, São Paulo.
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Radio Bulgaria 19302012No
Radio Na Gaskiya2018YesClandestine station targeted Nigeria.
Raadiyoo Warra Wangeelaa ?YesReligious broadcaster.
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Radio Burkina 19592010No
Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Radio-Télévision nationale du Burundi 19602003No
Radio République Africaine 20012015NoClandestine station targeted Burundi.
Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Cameroon Radio Television 19872000No
FM Mont Cameroon ?2011No
Voice of the Gospel1966YesReligious broadcaster.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Radio Canada International 19452012NoYes (podcasts only)Transmitted via CKCX in Sackville, New Brunswick. Operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Known as CBC International Service until 1970. Continues as a web portal in 7 languages and produces podcasts in 5 foreign languages.
CBC Northern Service 19602012NoYesRelayed via CKCX to northern Quebec. Continues online and via AM and FM relays
CFCX 19202010NoA relay of CINW, based in Montreal, Quebec.
CFRX 1937YesA relay of CFRB, based in Toronto, Ontario.
CFVP 19312023NoBased in Calgary, Alberta.
CHNS 19552001NoBased in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
CHU 1923Yes National Research Council time signal. Based in Ottawa.
CKFX 19232007NoBased in Vancouver, British Columbia.
CKZU 19462017NoA relay of CBU, based in Vancouver, British Columbia.
CKZN 19392017NoBased in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, relay of CFGB Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Intended target is remote areas of Labrador. Silent since 2017 but license renewed in 2022 by the CRTC.
CRCX 1930 [3] 1938 [4] NoBased in Bowmanville, Ontario, originally VE9GW, founded by Gooderham and Worts as a relay of CKGW Toronto. Leased by the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission in 1933 along with CKGW, and renamed CRCX. Both stations purchased by the CBC in 1937.
Bible Voice Broadcasting 2000YesReligious broadcaster. Does not have its own transmitter but leases time on transmitters in Nauen, Tashkent, Sofia, and Yerevan [5]
Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Radio Nacional de Cabo Verde 19871989No
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Radio Maïngo 2007Yes
Flag of Chad.svg Chad Radiodiffusion et de Télévision du Tchad 19842013No
Radio Ndarson International2018YesClandestine station targeted Chad.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China, People's Republic of China Radio International 1941Yes
Voice of Jinling 1986Yes
Voice of Strait 1958Yes
Voice of Shangri-La 1986Yes
Beibu Bay Radio 1984Yes
Tibet People's Broadcasting Station 2003Yes
Inner Mongolia People's Broadcasting Station 1950Yes
Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station 1950Yes
Qinghai People's Broadcasting Station 1970Yes
Gannan People's Broadcasting Station 1960Yes
Guizhou People's Broadcasting Station 1968Yes
Sichuan Radio and Television 1960Yes
Hunan People's Broadcasting Station 1970Yes
Hulunbeir People's Broadcasting Station 1950Yes
China Huayi Broadcasting Corporations 1991Yes
Voice of Pujiang 20112013No
Flag of the Republic of China.svg China, Republic of/Taiwan Voice of Free China / Radio Taiwan International 1949Yes
Fu Hsin Broadcasting Station 1956Yes
Kwanghua Broadcasting Station 1988Yes
PCJ Radio20082020NoNo
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Voice of Croatia 19912013No
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Cadena Melodía de Colombia 19472012No
Alcaraván Radio?Yes
Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Radio Comores 19751997No
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Radio Havana Cuba 1961YesYes
Radio Progresso 1929Yes
Radio Rebelde 1958Yes
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation 19532013No
Bayrak Radio and Television Corporation 19632017No
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Radio Prague 1936YesLeases time on various transmitters. Relayed on Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2011.
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Radio Denmark 19482004No
World Music Radio1967Yes
Radio 2082019Yes
Radio OZ-Viola20182018No
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of CongoRadio Télé Candip1974No
Best Radio2001No
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of Congo Radio Congo 1945Yes
Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Radiodiffusion Television de Djibouti 19772010No
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador HCJB 1931YesInternational and regional broadcasts ended in 2009. Current shortwave broadcasts target Ecuador only.
Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Voice of the Arabs/Radio Cairo 1953Yes
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Radio Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial 19672021No
Flag of Eritrea.svg EritreaVoice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea1993YesClandestine station targeted Ethiopia.
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Ethiopian National Radio 1987Yes
Somali Regional State Radio ?Yes
Voice of the Tigray Revolution ?Yes
Radio Oromiyaa  ?Yes
Amhara Regional State Radio ?Yes
Radio Fana 1994Yes
Voice of Peace and Democracy of Eritrea2005YesClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Voice of Democratic Alliance of Eritrea 1999YesClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Flag of Finland.svg Finland YLE Radio Finland 19382006NoTransmitted via Lahti radio station from 1938 to 1948, Pori shortwave station from 1948 to 1987 and finally then new Pori's shortwave center in Preiviiki district from 1987 to the end of 2006. Known before early 1970s as shortwave service of Finnish Broadcasting Company.
Scandinavian Weekend Radio 2000Yes
Flag of France.svg France Radio France Internationale 1945/1975YesYesKnown from 1945 to 1975 successively as RTF Radio Paris, RDF Radio France, and ORTF Radio Paris
Poste Colonial 19311938NoNoState-owned, aimed at French colonial empire.
Paris-Mondial 19381940NoNoState-owned, terminated by German invasion of France during WWII.
Radio-Paris Mondial19401944NoNoUsed by German occupation forces to broadcast German propaganda in French, internationally
La Voix de la France 19411944NoNoOperated by Vichy France regime with propaganda broadcasts aimed at French colonies.
Radio Eritrea International 2012YesClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Radio Adal 20162018NoClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Radio Al-Mukhtar ?2018NoReligious broadcaster. Clandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Radio Xoriyo 2000YesClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Sagalee Qeerroo Bilisummaa 2016YesClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Eye Radio 20162018NoClandestine station targeted Eritrea.
Quê Me Radio ?YesClandestine station targeted Vietnam.
Flag of French Polynesia.svg French PolynesiaRadio Tahiti1934?No
Flag of Gabon.svg GabonAfrica No 119792013NoMost powerful shortwave station in Africa
Flag of Germany.svg Germany Deutsche Welle 1953YesYesState-owned
Radio Berlin International 19591990NoNoEast German station absorbed by Deutsche Welle due to German reunification
Deutscher Kurzwellensender (German Shortwave Station)19331945NoNoNazi-era station operated by the Foreign Radio Section of the Ministry of Propaganda
Weltrundfunksender (World Radio Station)19291933NoNoShortwave station operated by the Reichspost (post office)
Deutscher Wetterdienst 1952YesWeather station
Evangelische Missions-Gemeinden  ?YesReligious broadcaster.
Radio Darc  ?Yes
Radio Gloria International19762018No
Radio Joystick 1985Yes
Hamburger Lokalradio  ?Yes
Channel 292 1975Yes
Voice of Oromo Liberation 1992YesClandestine station targeted Ethiopia.
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia Radio Georgia 19252005No
Voice of Abkhazia19922016No
Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Ghana Broadcasting Corporation 19352007No
Flag of Greece.svg Greece Voice of Greece 19382022No
Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Radio Télévision Guinéenne 19582021No
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Radiodifusão Nacional da República de Guiné-Bissau 19731987No
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Radio Budapest 19502007No
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Rikisutvarpid 19482007No
Flag of India.svg India All India Radio 1939Yes
Voice of Kashmir2002Yes
Azad Kashmir Radio?Yes
Athmik Yathra Radio 1985YesReligious broadcaster.
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Voice of Indonesia 1945Yes
Flag of Iran.svg Iran IRIB World Service 1956Yes
Voice of the Islamic Palestinian Revolution2015YesClandestine station targeted Israel.
Radio Payam-e Doost20012018NoClandestine station targeted Iran.
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Raidió Teilifís Éireann 19952004No
Flag of Israel.svg Israel Israel Radio International 19502013No
Flag of Italy.svg Italy Rai Italia Radio 19302007No
Italian Broadcasting Corporation 19792018No
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Radiodiffusion-Télévision Ivorienne 19621996No
Flag of Japan.svg Japan NHK World Radio Japan 1935Yes
Radio Nikkei 1954Yes
Shiokaze Radio 2004YesClandestine station targeted North Korea.
Furusato no Kaze Radio 2007YesClandestine station targeted North Korea.
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Kenya Broadcasting Corporation 19282006No
Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Radio Kuwait 1983Yes
Flag of Laos.svg Laos Lao National Radio 19602020No
Flag of Latvia.svg LatviaRadio Riga/Radio Latvia19252009No
Flag of Liberia.svg LiberiaRadio ELWA2000Yes
Flag of Libya.svg Libya Libyan Radio and Television Network 20112013No
Flag of Lithuania.svg LithuaniaRadio Vilnius1952?No
Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Radio Madagasikara 1960Yes
Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Malawi Broadcasting Corporation 19642002No
Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Voice of Malaysia 19632011No
Radio Klasik FM 2012Yes
Radio Free Sarawak 20102014NoClandestine station targeted Malaysia.
Flag of Mali.svg Mali Office de Radiodiffusion-Television du Mali 1983Yes
Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Radio Mauritanie 19602012No
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Radio México Internacional 19682004No
Radio Educación 1924Yes
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Voice of Mongolia 1966Yes
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Radio Mediterranee Internationale 19802017No
SNRT Radio National 19562012No
Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Radio Mozambique 19752001No
Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Myanmar Radio 1946Yes
Thazin Radio ?Yes

Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia

Namibian Broadcasting Corporation 19792004No
Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal Radio Nepal 19512019No
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Radio Netherlands Worldwide 19472013No
Philips Radio (PCJJ & PHOHI) 19271947NoNoPrivate broadcaster. PHOHI was aimed at Dutch colonies in the East and West Indies, PCJJ was an international station broadcasting in English, Spanish, German and Dutch. Service suspended in 1940 due to World War II, resumed in 1945 until 1947 when the stations were nationalized and became Radio Netherlands.
The Mighty KBC 2009YesAimed at European truckers. Broadcast via WRMI Miami since 2023. Previously used transmitters in Vilnus, Lithuania and Nauen, Germany.
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Radio New Zealand International 1948Yes
Flag of Niger.svg Niger La Voix du Sahel 19582012No
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Voice of Nigeria 1961Yes
Radio Nigeria-Kaduna 19622017No
Radio Na Gaskiya 2018YesClandestine station targeted Nigeria.
Radio Herwa International20172018NoClandestine station targeted Nigeria. Relayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2018.
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Pyongyang Broadcasting Station 1955YesJammed in South Korea.
Korean Central Broadcasting Station 1945YesJammed in South Korea.
Voice of Korea 1945Yes
Voice of Unification 2013YesClandestine station targeted to South Korea and also jammed in South Korea.
Voice of National Salvation 19702003NoClandestine station targeted to South Korea and also jammed in South Korea.
Flag of Norway.svg Norway NRK 19482002No
Voice of Tibet 1996YesClandestine station targeted China.
Democratic Voice of Burma 1992YesClandestine station targeted Myanmar.
Bergen Kringkaster 2012Yes
Flag of Oman.svg Oman Radio Sultanate of Oman 1970 ?No
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Radio Pakistan 19732016No
Voice of Jammu and Kashmir Freedom Movement 19992015NoClandestine station targeted India.
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea National Broadcasting Corporation 1973Yes
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Radio Nacional del Paraguay 19422005No

LV del Chaco Paraguayo

?YesBased in Filadelfia, Boqueron Department.

Radio P'ai Puku

?YesBased in Asuncion.
Radio Licemil?YesBased in Ypané.
Flag of Peru.svg PeruRadio La Voz Bolivar ?YesBroadcasts from Bolivar in Peru.

Reina de la Selva

 ?YesBroadcasts from Chachapoyas in Peru.
Radio Logos  ?YesBroadcasts from Chazuta in Peru.
Radio Vision ?YesBroadcasts from Chiclayo in Peru.
Radio Voz Cristiana  ?YesBroadcasts from Chilca in Peru.
Radio OAW7J ?YesBroadcasts from Cusco in Peru.
Radio OAW7I ?YesBroadcasts from Cusco in Peru.
Radio Tawantinsuyo  ?YesBroadcasts from Cusco in Peru.

La Voz de las Huarinjas

 ?YesBroadcasts from Huancabamba in Peru.
Radio Virgen del Carmen ?YesBroadcasts from Huancavelica in Peru.

Radio Huanta

 ?2017NoBroadcasts from Huanta in Peru.

Radio Cultural Amauta

 ?YesBroadcasts from Huanta in Peru.
Radio Ondas del Huallaga  ?YesBroadcasts from Huanuco in Peru.

Radio Ancash

 ?YesBroadcasts from Huaraz in Peru.

Radio Melodia

 ?2017NoBroadcasts from Hunter Aqp in Peru.
Radio OAD3A ?YesBroadcasts from Independecia in Peru.
La Voz de la Selva  ?YesBroadcasts from Iquitos in Peru.
Radio Victoria ?2017NoBroadcasts from Lima in Peru.
Radio Pacifico 1964YesBroadcasts from Lima in Peru.
Radio San Antonio de Padua19932006NoBroadcasts from Padua in Peru.
Radio Madre de Dios ?YesBroadcasts from Puerto Maldonado in Peru.

Radio Quillabamba

 ?YesBroadcasts from Quillabamba in Peru.
Radio OAW2H ?YesBroadcasts from Santiago de Chuco in Peru.
Radio Tarma  ?YesBroadcasts from Tarma in Peru.
Chaski Radio  ?YesBroadcasts from Urubamba in Peru.
Radio San Antonio ?YesBroadcasts from Villa Atalaya in Peru.
Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Radyo Pilipinas Worldwide 1972Yes
Radio Veritas 19692018NoReligious broadcaster.
FEBC Radio 1949YesReligious broadcaster.
Flag of Poland.svg Poland Radio Polonia 19362013No
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal RDP Internacional 19352011No
Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Qatar Media Corporation 19712002No
Flag of Romania.svg Romania Radio Romania International 1927Yes
Flag of Russia.svg Russian Federation Radio Moscow / Voice of Russia 19292014No
Radiostansiya Rodina??NoTranslates to Radio Station Motherland
Radiostansiya Atlantika??NoBroadcast to the Soviet fishing fleet
Radio Mayak 1964?No
Radio Station Peace and Progress 19641991No
National Broadcasting Company of Sakha 20052018No
GTRK Kamchatka 2018Yes
GTRK "Adygea" 19922020No
Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Radio Rwanda 19612015No
Flag of Saint Helena.svg Saint Helena Radio Saint Helena 19672009No
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Radio Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe 19751988No
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Saudi Broadcasting Corporation 1962Yes
Radio Al-Azm2017YesClandestine station targeted Yemen.
Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise 19501997No
Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Radio Belgrade / International Radio of Serbia 19352015No
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation 19342002No
Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Radio Singapore International 19942007No
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Radio Slovakia International 1993YesRelayed through Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2011.
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Radio Slovenia International 19922012No
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation 1975Yes
Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Puntland TV and Radio 2013Yes
Warsan Radio 2016Yes
Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland Radio Hargeisa 2012Yes
Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Radio RSA / Channel Africa 19662019No
South African Radio League 1925Yes
Radio Sonder Grense 1937Yes
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea KBS World Radio 1953Yes
KBS Hanminjok Radio 1972YesJammed by North Korea.
Korea Radio 2005YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
North Korea Reform Radio 2007YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Voice of Wilderness 1993YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Voice of Freedom 2008YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Radio Free Chosun 2005YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Open Radio for North Korea 20052018NoTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Voice of the People 1986YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Radio Echo of Hope 1973YesTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
MND Radio 20102013NoTargeted North Korea and also jammed by North Korea.
Flag of Spain.svg Spain Radio Exterior de España 1942Yes
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Radio Ceylon 1949Yes
Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Voice of Africa 1956Yes
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Radio Apintie 1980Yes
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Radio Sweden 19382010No
IBRA Media ?YesReligious broadcaster.
Radyo Denge Welat 2012YesClandestine station targeted Turkey
Radio Ranginkaman (Rainbow Radio)2012YesClandestine station targeted lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland Swiss Radio International 19302004No
Flag of Syria.svg SyriaRadio Damascus19572013No
Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Voice of Tajik 1991Yes
Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation 19512005No
Zanzibar Broadcasting Corporation 1951Yes
Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Radio Thailand World Service 1938Yes
Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Radio Tunis Chaîne Internationale 19382015No
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Voice of Turkey 1937Yes
Flag of Togo.svg Togo Radiodiffusion-Télévision Togolaise 19732003No
Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Uganda Broadcasting Corporation 19632015No
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Radio Ukraine International 1950YesRelayed by Radio Miami International (WRMI) since 2010
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom BBC World Service 1932YesYesPreviously known as the BBC Empire Service (1932-1939), BBC Overseas Service (1939-1965)
Voice of the People of Somaliland 20172017No
Dandal Kura 2015Yes
Al-Quds TV 2009 ?No
End Times Coming Radio ?YesReligious broadcaster.
Flag of the United States.svg United States Voice of America (VOA) 1942YesYesGovernment-owned broadcaster
Radio Free Europe 1949YesGovernment-owned broadcaster originally targeting Eastern Europe during the Cold War
Radio Liberty 1953YesGovernment-owned broadcaster originally targeting the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Radio Martí 1985YesGovernment-owned broadcaster targeting Cuba
American Forces Network 1970Yes
Radio Free Asia 1951YesGovernment-owned broadcaster targeting People's Republic of China and other Communist countries in East Asia.
Radio Farda 2002YesGovernment-owned broadcaster targeting Iran
Radio Azadi 2002YesGovernment-owned broadcaster targeting Afghanistan
Radio Mashaal 2010YesGovernment-owned broadcaster targeting Pashtuns in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
KGEI 19391994NoBased in Redwood Shores, California.
KJES19922014NoBased in Vado, New Mexico.
KNLS 1983YesBased in Anchor Point, Alaska.
KYOI 19821989NoBased in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands.
KWHR 19932009NoBased in Naalehu, Hawaii.
WWRB 19772020NoBased in Manchester, Tennessee.
WWCR 1989YesBased in Nashville, Tennessee.
WTWW 20102022NoBased in Lebanon, Tennessee.
WRNO 19822011NoBased in New Orleans, Louisiana.
WRMI Radio Miami International 1994YesYesBased in Okeechobee, Florida.
WMLK 1981YesBased in Bethel, Pennsylvania. Religious broadcaster.
WINB 1962YesBased in Red Lion, Pennsylvania.
WRHI 1985YesBased in Furman, South Carolina.
WEWN 1992YesBased in Irondale, Alabama.
WBCQ 1998YesBased in Monticello, Maine.
WJHR2009YesBased in Milton, Florida. (Broadcasts in Upper Side Band)
WSHB19892004NoBased in Furman, South Carolina
The Voice of Hope 19862023NoReligious broadcaster.
Trans World Radio 1952YesReligious broadcaster.
Adventist World Radio 1971YesReligious broadcaster.
Far East Broadcasting Company 1945YesReligious broadcaster.
University Network 1975YesReligious broadcaster.
Family Radio 19592013NoReligious broadcaster.
Oromia Media Network 20162018NoBased in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Radio Tamazuj 2011YesClandestine station targeted Sudan.
Radio Dabanga 2008YesClandestine station targeted Sudan.
Radio Biafra  ?2018NoClandestine station targeted Nigeria.
KAIJ 19802018NoBased in Dallas, Texas.
KTBN 19872008NoBased in Salt Lake City, Utah.
WHRA 19852009NoBased in Greenbush, Maine.
Follow the Bible Ministries 2015YesReligious broadcaster.
Voice of Khmer M'Chas Srok 20142018NoClandestine station targeted Cambodia.
Sound of Hope 2003YesClandestine station targeted China.
Voice of China1991YesClandestine station targeted China.
Radio Republica 2005YesClandestine station targeted Cuba.
Radio Itahuka 2016YesClandestine station targeted Rwanda.
Radio Sedaye Mardom 20152017NoClandestine station targeted Sudan.
Radio Munansi2018YesClandestine station targeted Uganda.
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay

Radiodifusion Nacional Uruguay

19452015No
Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Radio Vanuatu 1980Yes
Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City Vatican Radio 1931YesYes https://www.vaticannews.va/en/short-waves.html
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Canal Internacional de Radio Nacional de Venezuela 19362010No
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Voice of Vietnam 1945Yes
Dien Bien Radio Station  ? ?NoNo Longer broadcast on shortwave.
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Western Sahara National Radio of the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic 19752011No
Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Radio Sanna 1991YesIrregular
Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation 19412022No
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation 19632012No

By frequency

Frequency (MHz)ProgramTransmitter siteTime, UTCDaysLanguagePower (kW)AzRemarks
3.965Radio France Internationale (DRM) Flag of France.svg Issoudun01:00-00:571234567French (Digital)1ND Flag of France.svg RFI
3.9756160 Shortwave AM Radio Flag of Germany.svg Winsen16:00-18:00.234567English1ND Flag of Germany.svg
3.985SRF Schweizer Radio Flag of Germany.svg Kall-Krekel16:00-17:001234567German1ND Flag of Germany.svg
3.995HCJB Deutsch Flag of Germany.svg Weenermoor05:30-15:301234567German1.5ND Flag of Germany.svg HCJ
4.026Laser Hot Hits ?00:00-00:001234567English ? ? Flag of Ireland.svg
4.625UVB-76 Flag of Russia.svg Kerro00:00-00:00 ?Russian ? ? Flag of Russia.svg
4.996RWM Etalon Vremeni Flag of Russia.svg Taldom ? ?Russian5 ? Flag of Russia.svg RC3
5.000IAM Segnale Orario Flag of Italy.svg Rome ? ?Italian ? ? Flag of Italy.svg EUR
5.140Charleston Radio InternationalBozen00:00-24:001234567English1ND
5.825Radio OZ-Viola Flag of Denmark (state).svg Hillerod ? ?Danish0.15 ? Flag of Denmark (state).svg
5.830Dniprovs'ka Khvylia Flag of Ukraine.svg Zaporizhzhia 04:00-07:00.....67Ukrainian0.25 ? Flag of Ukraine.svg
5.840World Music Radio Flag of Denmark.svg Karup00:00-00:001234567Danish0.1ND-
5.895LKB/LLE Flag of Norway.svg Bergen Kringkaster04:30-23:001234567Norwegian1ND Flag of Norway.svg E-3
5.900BIBLE VOICE BCN/ Radio Dardasha7 Flag of Bulgaria.svg Kostinbrod (Sofia)18:15-18:301234567Arabic50126 Flag of Bulgaria.svg BVBN
5.905Deutscher Wetterdienst Flag of Germany.svg Pinneberg16:00-16:301234567German10ND Flag of Germany.svg
5.920HCJB Deutsch Flag of Germany.svg Weenermoor05:30-15:301234567German1145 Flag of Germany.svg HCJ
5.970China Radio International Flag of Albania.svg Cerrik16:00-18:001234567German150330 Flag of Albania.svg
5.980Scandinavian Weekend Radio Flag of Finland.svg Virrat00:01-00:00.....6.Finnish0.1ND
6.000Radio Rossii Adygeya Flag of Russia.svg TbilisskayaRussian1000
6.005BBC Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Woofferton05:00-06:001234567English250184 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
6.005Schweizer Radio SRF Flag of Germany.svg Kall-Krekei10:30-11:00.23456.German110 Flag of Germany.svg
6.070Radio Channel 292 Flag of Germany.svg Rohrbach Waal05:25-19:001234567German, Dutch, English25ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.085Radio MiAmigo Flag of Germany.svg Kall-Krekei09:00-14:001234567English20ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.090Caribbean Beacon (University Network) Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Anguilla22:00-10:001234567English100320 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg CBB
6.150Radio Marabu Flag of Germany.svg Dattteln06:00-16:001234567German0.15ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.150Europa 24 Flag of Germany.svg Dattteln16:00-18:001234567German0.15ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.155Ö1 Flag of Austria.svg MoosbrunnDeutsch300
6.1606160 AM Shortwave Radio Flag of Germany.svg Winsen10:00-12:00.234567English1ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.170Scandinavian Weekend Radio Flag of Finland.svg Virrat00:01-00:00.....6.Finnish0.1ND
6.170Radio Onda Flag of the Netherlands.svg Margraten00:00-24:001234567Portuguese-English0.35RON
6.175Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun09:00-12:001234567French100153,267 Flag of France.svg
6.180Deutscher Wetterdienst Flag of Germany.svg Pinneberg16:00-16:301234567German10ND Flag of Germany.svg
6.205Laser Hot HitsEnglish
6.990Radio Voronezh Flag of Russia.svg 12:00-15:001234567Russian1ND ?
7.285China Radio International Flag of Albania.svg Cerrik09:00-09:571234567Romanian150ND Flag of Albania.svg
7.330Radio Joystick Flag of Austria.svg Moosbrunn10:00-11:001......English100283 Flag of Austria.svg MVB/MBR
7.345BBC Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Woofferton05:00-06:001234567English250170 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
7.365HCJB Deutsch Flag of Germany.svg Weenermoor06:00-16:001234567German2145 Flag of Germany.svg
7.440Radio Channel 292 Flag of Germany.svg Rohrbach Waal
7.450ERT3 102FM Flag of Greece.svg AthensGreek100
9.275 WMLK Radio Flag of the United States.svg Pennsylvania17:00-22:00123456English30053 Flag of the United States.svg
9.420ERA I Foni tis Elladas Flag of Greece.svg Athens05:00-22:551234567Greek250323 Flag of Greece.svg ERT
9.50Golos And Flag of Germany.svg Nauen15:30-16:30Russian Flag of Germany.svg
9.545BBC Flag of Bulgaria.svg Kostinbrod-Sofia17:30-17:49.23456.Amharic200156 Flag of Bulgaria.svg
9.565China Radio International Flag of Albania.svg Cerrik15:00-15:571234567Turkish150ND Flag of Albania.svg
9.640VATICAN RADIO Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg Santa Maria di Galeria16:40-17:001234567Ukrainian10054 Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg
9.645VATICAN RADIO Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg Santa Maria di Galeria06:05-07:001.....Ukrainian25026 Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg
9.830Adventist World Radio Flag of Germany.svg Nauen16:00-16:301234567Bulgarian100135 Flag of Germany.svg
9.935ERA I Foni tis Elladas/ERT3 102 FM Flag of Greece.svg Athens13:00-04:551234567Greek100285 Flag of Greece.svg
9.996RWM Etalon Vremeni Flag of Russia.svg Taldom ? ?Russian8 ? Flag of Russia.svg
11.530Voice of Welt (Radyo Denge Welat) Flag of France.svg Issoudun15:00-21:001234567Kurdish25090 Flag of France.svg MEZ
11.645ERA I Foni tis Elladas Flag of Greece.svg Athens ?1234567Greek100 ? Flag of Greece.svg
11.700VATICAN RADIO Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg Santa Maria di Galeria16:40-17:001234567Ukrainian10058 Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg
11.740VATICAN RADIO Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg Santa Maria di Galeria06:05-07:001......Ukrainian25062 Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg
11.920China Radio International Flag of Albania.svg Cerrik14:00-15:571234567French150240 Flag of Albania.svg
11.955Adventist World Radio Flag of Austria.svg Moosbrunn15:00-15:301234567Turkish300115 Flag of Austria.svg
11.980Dniprovs'ka Khvylia Flag of Ukraine.svg ZaporizhzhiaUkrainian0.25 Flag of Ukraine.svg
12.005Radio Farda Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Woofferton13:00-18:001234567Persian30090 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
12.160TWR India Flag of Maryland.svg Kishinev-Grigoriopol14:45-15:45.23456.Panjabi30098 Flag of Maryland.svg
13.565S06 Spy Numbers Flag of Russia.svg 09:10-09:151234567 ? ? ? Flag of Russia.svg
13.690Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun16:00-17:001234567Hausa500170 Flag of France.svg
13.800Golos And Flag of Germany.svg Nauen15:30-16:30Russian Flag of Germany.svg
14.996RWM Etalon Vremeni Flag of Russia.svg Taldom ? ?Russian8 ? Flag of Russia.svg
15.150 WMLK Radio Flag of the United States.svg Pennsylvania04:00-09:00123456English30053 Flag of the United States.svg
15.390Radio Exterior de Espana Flag of Spain.svg Noblejas18:00-22:001234567Spanish200161 Flag of Spain.svg
15.520Radio Exterior de Espana Flag of Spain.svg Noblejas14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:001.....7, 1234567Spanish200110 Flag of Spain.svg
15.785bit eXpress Flag of Germany.svg Erlangen00:00-00:001234567German0.1ND Flag of Germany.svg
17.605Adventist World Radio Flag of Austria.svg Moosbrunn14:30-15:001234567Afar300140 Flag of Austria.svg
17.620Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun18:00-19:001234567French500175 Flag of France.svg
17.640Radio Free Asia Flag of Germany.svg Lampertheim11:00-12:001234567Tibetan10077 Flag of Germany.svg
17.715Radio Exterior de Espana Flag of Spain.svg Noblejas14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:001.....7, 1234567Spanish200230 Flag of Spain.svg
17.770Radio Xoriyo Ogaden Flag of France.svg Issoudun16:00-16:30.2...6.Somali500130 Flag of France.svg OGM
17.830Radio Farda Flag of Germany.svg Biblis08:30-15:301234567Persian10085 Flag of Germany.svg
17.850Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun18:00-19:001234567French500155 Flag of France.svg
17.855Radio Exterior de Espana Flag of Spain.svg Noblejas14:00-18:00, 18:00-22:001.....7, 1234567Spanish200290 Flag of Spain.svg
21.580Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun08:00-09:001234567French500150 Flag of France.svg
21.620Radio Exterior de Espana Flag of Spain.svg Noblejas14:00-18:001.....7Spanish200161 Flag of Spain.svg
21.690Radio France Internationale Flag of France.svg Issoudun16:00-17:001234567French500185 Flag of France.svg RFI
25.000MIKES Aikamerkki Flag of Finland.svg Espoo ? ?Finnish-- Flag of Finland.svg
25.900Zeleniy Glaz Flag of Russia.svg Moscow ? ?Russian ? ? Flag of Russia.svg
26.060Railway Roma (DRM) Flag of Italy.svg Rome ? ?Italian (Digital) ? ? Flag of Italy.svg

See also

Related Research Articles

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Shortwave radio is radio transmission using radio frequencies in the shortwave bands (SW). There is no official definition of the band range, but it always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz ; above the medium frequency band (MF), to the bottom of the VHF band.

International broadcasting, in a limited extent, began during World War I, when German and British stations broadcast press communiqués using Morse code. With the severing of Germany's undersea cables, the wireless telegraph station in Nauen was the country's sole means of long-distance communication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longwave</span> Radio transmission using wavelengths above 1000 m

In radio, longwave, long wave or long-wave, and commonly abbreviated LW, refers to parts of the radio spectrum with wavelengths longer than what was originally called the medium-wave broadcasting band. The term is historic, dating from the early 20th century, when the radio spectrum was considered to consist of longwave (LW), medium-wave (MW), and short-wave (SW) radio bands. Most modern radio systems and devices use wavelengths which would then have been considered 'ultra-short'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio broadcasting</span> Transmission by radio waves intended to reach a wide audience

Radio broadcasting is the broadcasting of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radio station, while in satellite radio the radio waves are broadcast by a satellite in Earth orbit. To receive the content the listener must have a broadcast radio receiver (radio). Stations are often affiliated with a radio network that provides content in a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast, or both. Radio stations broadcast with several different types of modulation: AM radio stations transmit in AM, FM radio stations transmit in FM, which are older analog audio standards, while newer digital radio stations transmit in several digital audio standards: DAB, HD radio, DRM.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skywave</span> Propagation of radio waves beyond the radio horizon.

In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. Since it is not limited by the curvature of the Earth, skywave propagation can be used to communicate beyond the horizon, at intercontinental distances. It is mostly used in the shortwave frequency bands.

Radio Canada International (RCI) is the international broadcasting service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Prior to 1970, RCI was known as the CBC International Service. The broadcasting service was also previously referred to as the Voice of Canada, broadcasting on shortwave from powerful transmitters in Sackville, New Brunswick. "In its heyday", said Radio World magazine, "Radio Canada International was one of the world's most listened-to international shortwave broadcasters". However, as the result of an 80 percent budget cut, shortwave services were terminated in June 2012, and RCI became accessible exclusively via the Internet. It also reduced its services to five languages and ended production of its own news service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shortwave listening</span> Hobby of listening to shortwave radio

Shortwave listening, or SWLing, is the hobby of listening to shortwave radio broadcasts located on frequencies between 1700 kHz and 30 MHz (30 000 kHz). Listeners range from casual users seeking international news and entertainment programming, to hobbyists immersed in the technical aspects of long-distance radio reception and sending and collecting official confirmations that document their reception of remote broadcasts (DXing). In some developing countries, shortwave listening enables remote communities to obtain regional programming traditionally provided by local medium wave AM broadcasters. In 2002, the number of households that were capable of shortwave listening was estimated to be in the hundreds of millions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skelton Transmitting Station</span> Transmitter in Cumbria, tallest in the UK

The Skelton Transmitting Station is a radio transmitter site at grid reference NY433376 near Skelton, Cumbria, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Penrith, run by Babcock International and owned by the Ministry of Defence. Since the Belmont Mast in Lincolnshire was shortened in 2010, the mast at Skelton has been the tallest structure in the United Kingdom.

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Shortwave broadcasting in the United States allows private ownership of commercial and non-commercial shortwave stations that are not relays of existing AM/MW or FM radio stations, as are common in Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania except Australia and Latin America. In addition to private broadcasters, the United States also has government broadcasters and relay stations for international public broadcasters. Most privately owned shortwave stations have been religious broadcasters, either wholly owned and programmed by Roman Catholic and evangelical Protestant charities or offering brokered programming consisting primarily of religious broadcasters. To better reach other continents of the world, several stations are located in far-flung US territories. Shortwave stations in the US are not permitted to operate exclusively for a domestic audience; they are subject to antenna and power requirements to reach an international audience.

Shortwave bands are frequency allocations for use within the shortwave radio spectrum. Radio waves in these frequency ranges can be used for very long distance (transcontinental) communication because they can reflect off layers of charged particles in the ionosphere and return to Earth beyond the horizon, a mechanism called skywave or “skip” propagation. They are allocated by the ITU for radio services such as maritime communications, international shortwave broadcasting and worldwide amateur radio. The bands are conventionally named by their wavelength in metres, for example the ‘20 meter band’. Radio propagation and possible communication distances vary depending on the time of day, the season and the level of solar activity.

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Radio Poland is the official international broadcasting station of Poland and is a part of Poland’s public radio network, Polish Radio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woofferton transmitting station</span>

The Woofferton transmitting station is owned and operated by Encompass Digital Media, as one of the BBC's assets which were handed over as part of the privatization of World Service distribution and transmission in 1997. It is the last remaining UK shortwave broadcasting site, located at Woofferton, south of Ludlow, Shropshire, England. The large site spreads across into neighbouring Herefordshire.

WRNO is a commercial shortwave radio station which began international broadcasting on February 18, 1982 and continued regular broadcasting through the early 1990s from Metairie, Louisiana, with a continuation of periodic broadcasts starting in 2009. These call letters are still in use by the New Orleans station WRNO-FM; both were founded and originally owned by Joseph Costello III.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio Romania International</span> International broadcasting service of Romania

Radio Romania International is a Romanian radio station owned by the Romanian public radio broadcaster Societatea Română de Radiodifuziune that broadcasts abroad. It was created in 1927 and was known as Radio Bucharest before 1989.

The British DX Club is an association of radio hobbyists and enthusiasts, based in the United Kingdom. It caters for DXers and others with an interest in listening to the short wave, medium wave (AM), long wave and FM radio bands, and studying current and historical topics relating to radio broadcasting.

PCJJ was a pioneering shortwave radio station in the Netherlands operated by Philips Radio on behalf of Philips Laboratories, a division of Philips Electronics. It was the first shortwave radio station in Europe, and the first dedicated shortwave radio station in the world - previous stations had simulcast AM/medium wave broadcasts.

Radio Georgia was the international broadcasting service of Georgian Radio, now known as Georgian Public Broadcaster, the public broadcaster in Georgia. It was closed in 2005.

References

  1. WRTH 2017. WRTH Publications Limited. 2017. ISBN   978-0955548192.
  2. "Article Index". British DX Club. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  3. World Radio 1932 worldradiohistory.com [ dead link ]
  4. "The early shortwave stations : A broadcasting history through 1945 9781476604749, 1476604746".
  5. https://www.short-wave.info/