Elizabeth II held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms. Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation.
Styles of Queen Elizabeth II | |
---|---|
Reference style | Her Majesty |
Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she was asked by her Private Secretary what her regnal name would be, to which she responded, "My own, of course—what else?" [4] Until 1953, her official style was by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith . [5] She was proclaimed as queen using that title in Canada and South Africa, [6] [7] whereas, in Australia, [8] New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, [9] she was proclaimed as Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
A decision was reached by Elizabeth's prime ministers at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference of 1952, whereby the Queen would accord herself different styles and titles in each of her realms, reflecting that in each state she acted as monarch of that particular country, [10] regardless of her other roles. Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. [11] However, as Australia wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles, [12] the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, separate reference to the other Commonwealth realms. Thereafter, separate but parallel royal styles and titles acts were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, granting Elizabeth a distinct but similarly constituted title in each state, [10] meaning that when Elizabeth was crowned in the same year, she held seven separate titles.
With further evolution of the Commonwealth since that time, Elizabeth held at the time of her death 15 different regnal titles, one for each of the current Commonwealth realms. In all realms other than Canada and Grenada, the reference to the United Kingdom has been removed; Australia doing so in 1973, [13] in contrast to the Australian government's position 20 years earlier. Traditionally, the Queen's titles are listed in the order in which the realms other than the United Kingdom (the original realm) first became Dominions—namely, Canada (1867), Australia (1901), and New Zealand (1907)—followed by the rest in the order in which the former colony became an independent realm: Jamaica (1962), The Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Papua New Guinea (1975), the Solomon Islands (1978), Tuvalu (1978), Saint Lucia (1979), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979), Belize (1981), Antigua and Barbuda (1981) and Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983).
Owing to her status, Elizabeth II was usually just known as "The Queen" across the world. [14] [15] [16] [17]
The Queen's British styles and titles were read out at her funeral by David White, Garter Principal King of Arms, as follows:
Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life unto His Divine Mercy the late Most High, Most Mighty, and Most Excellent Monarch, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, and Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. [18]
The Queen's New Zealand styles and titles were read out at the State Memorial Service at the Wellington Cathedral on 26 September by Phillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary, as follows:
The Royal style and titles of Her Late Majesty, for use in relation to New Zealand and all other territories for whose foreign relations
Her Government in New Zealand is responsible, were—
Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
Sovereign of The Order of New Zealand, Sovereign of The New Zealand Order of Merit, and Sovereign of The Queen's Service Order.
Now, it is upon His Majesty King Charles III, King of New Zealand, that these styles, titles and honours have devolved.
God save the King! [19]
Though the situation was the same in every one of the Queen's realms beyond the United Kingdom, only within Scotland did the title Elizabeth II cause controversy as there had never been an Elizabeth I in Scotland. In an act of sabotage, new Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, bearing the royal cypher EIIR, were vandalised, after which, to avoid further problems, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland bore only the Crown of Scotland. A legal case, MacCormick v. Lord Advocate (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself Elizabeth II within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of the Act of Union. The case, however, was lost on the grounds that the pursuers had not title to sue the Crown and the numbering of monarchs was part of the royal prerogative, and thus not governed by the Act of Union. Winston Churchill suggested that future British monarchs should be numbered according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher. [20]
At the opening ceremony of the devolved Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh in 1999, attended by the Queen, the Presiding Officer Lord Steel said at the close of his opening address: "It is good that today, once again, we the elected representatives of the people are able to welcome your majesty, not only as Queen of the United Kingdom, but seated as you are among us, to greet you in the historic and constitutionally correct manner, with warmth and affection, as Queen of Scots." [21] In 2002 Winnie Ewing, then president of the Scottish National Party, wrote to the Queen asking her to adopt the title Elizabeth I in Scotland. [22]
Other realms adopted the style "Queen Elizabeth II" despite never having been ruled by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Country | Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | 1 November 1981 – 11 February 1982 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [24] |
11 February 1982 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [25] [26] [24] | |
The Bahamas | 10 July 1973 – 27 December 1973 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [27] |
27 December 1973 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [28] [27] [29] | |
Belize | 21 September 1981 – 1981 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [30] |
1981 –8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Belize and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [31] [30] | |
Canada | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [32] [33] In French: Elizabeth Deux, par la Grâce de Dieu, Reine de Grande-Bretagne, d'Irlande et des Territoires britanniques au delà des mers, Défenseur de la Foi [33] |
29 May 1953 – 8 September 2022 | In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [34] [33] [lower-alpha 1] [32] In French: Elizabeth Deux, par la grâce de Dieu Reine du Royaume-Uni, du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du Commonwealth, Défenseur de la Foi [33] [36] {{In some older documents in French, Elizabeth's name is spelled Élisabeth or Elisabeth.}} [32] | |
Grenada | 7 February 1974 – 1974 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [37] |
1974 –8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [38] [37] | |
Jamaica | 6 August 1962 – 31 August 1962 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [39] |
31 August 1962 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of Jamaica and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth [40] [39] | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 19 September 1983 – 1983 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [41] |
1983 –8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of Saint Christopher and Nevis Queen, Head of the Commonwealth [42] [43] [41] | |
Saint Lucia | 22 February 1979 – 1979 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [44] |
1979 –8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [45] [44] | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 27 October 1979 – 1979 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of The Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [46] |
1979 –8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [47] [46] | |
United Kingdom | 6 February 1952 – 28 May 1953 | In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [48] [49] In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor [50] [51] |
29 May 1953 – 8 September 2022 | In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [5] [49] In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor [50] In Welsh: Elizabeth yr Ail, trwy Ras Duw, o Deyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon a'i Theyrnasoedd a'i Thiriogaethau eraill, Brenhines, Pennaeth y Gymanwlad, Amddiffynnydd y Ffydd [52] | |
Australia | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [48] [53] |
29 May 1953 – 19 October 1973 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Australia and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [lower-alpha 2] [55] [53] [56] | |
19 October 1973 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [57] [53] [58] | |
New Zealand | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [48] [59] |
29 May 1953 – 6 February 1974 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [59] [60] | |
6 February 1974 – 8 September 2022 | In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [61] [62] In Māori: Irihāpeti Te Tuarua, nā te huatau o te Atua, te Kuini o Aotearoa me ērā atu o Ōna Whaitua, Rohe hoki, te Upoko o te Kāhui Whenua, te Kaiwawao o te Whakapono [62] | |
Papua New Guinea | 16 September 1975 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Papua New Guinea and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [63] [64] [65] |
Solomon Islands | 7 July 1978 – 1 November 2013 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [66] |
1 November 2013 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Solomon Islands and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [66] [67] | |
Tuvalu | 1 October 1978 – 12 May 1987 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [68] [69] |
12 May 1987 – 8 September 2022 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Tuvalu and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [70] [68] [71] | |
Ghana | 6 March 1957 – 27 July 1957 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [72] |
27 July 1957 – 30 June 1960 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ghana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [73] [72] | |
Nigeria | 1 October 1960 – 1 June 1961 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [74] [75] |
1 June 1961 – 1 October 1963 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Nigeria and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [74] [76] [77] [75] | |
Sierra Leone | 27 April 1961 – 16 November 1961 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [78] |
16 November 1961 – 19 April 1971 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Sierra Leone and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [79] [78] [80] | |
Tanganyika [lower-alpha 3] | 9 December 1961 – 12 January 1962 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [81] |
12 January 1962 – 9 December 1962 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Tanganyika and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [81] [82] [83] | |
Uganda | 9 October 1962 – 2 November 1962 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [84] |
2 November 1962 – 9 October 1963 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Uganda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [84] [85] [86] | |
Kenya | 12 December 1963 – 21 April 1964 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [87] |
21 April 1964 – 12 December 1964 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Kenya and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [87] [88] [89] | |
Malawi | 6 July 1964 – 1964 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [90] |
1964 – 6 July 1966 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Malawi and of Her other Reals and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [90] [91] | |
Mauritius | 12 March 1968 – 25 April 1968 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [92] |
25 April 1968 – 12 March 1992 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Mauritius and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [93] [92] [94] | |
South Africa | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | In English: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [51] [95] In Afrikaans: Elizabeth II, Deur Gods Genade, van Groot-Brittanje, Ierland en die Britse Oorsese Geweste Koningin, Verdediger van die Geloof [95] In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor [51] |
29 May 1953 – 31 May 1961 | In English: Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [51] [95] In Afrikaans: Elizabeth II, Koningin van Suid-Afrika en van Haar ander Koninkryke en Gebiede, Hoof van die Statebond [51] [95] In Latin: Elizabeth II, Africae Australis regnorumque suo rum ceterorum Regina, consortionis populorum Princeps [51] | |
The Gambia | 18 February 1965 – 18 June 1965 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [96] |
18 June 1965 – 24 April 1970 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of The Gambia and all Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [96] [97] [91] | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 31 August 1962 – 2 November 1962 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [98] |
2 November 1962 – 1 August 1976 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [98] [99] [100] | |
Guyana | 26 May 1966 – 18 June 1966 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [101] |
18 June 1966 – 23 February 1970 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Guyana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [101] [102] [100] | |
Barbados | 30 November 1966 – 4 May 1967 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [103] |
4 May 1967 – 30 November 2021 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Barbados and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [104] [103] [105] | |
Pakistan | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [48] [106] |
29 May 1953 – 23 March 1956 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of the United Kingdom and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [107] [106] | |
Ceylon [lower-alpha 4] | 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith [48] [108] |
29 May 1953 – 22 May 1972 | Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ceylon and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [109] [108] | |
Malta | 21 September 1964 – 18 January 1965 | In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [110] In Maltese: Eliżabetta II, Għall-Grazzja t'Alla tar-Renju Unit tal-Britannja l-Kbira u ta' l-Irlanda ta' Fuq u tar-Renji u t-Territorji l-Oħra Tagħha, Reġina, Kap tal-Commonwealth u Difenditriċi tal-Fidi [110] |
18 January 1965 – 13 December 1974 | In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Malta and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [110] [111] [100] In Maltese: Eliżabetta II, Għall-Grazzja t'Alla, Reġina ta' Malta u tar-Renji u t-Territorji l-Oħra Tagħha, Kap tal-Commonwealth [110] [112] | |
Fiji | 10 October 1970 – 27 November 1970 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith [23] [113] |
27 November 1970 – 6 October 1987 | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Fiji and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth [93] [113] |
Region | Date | Title | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Braemar, Scotland | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Chieftain of the Braemar Gathering | [114] [115] |
Duchy of Lancaster | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Duke of Lancaster | [116] [117] |
England | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Seigneur of the Swans | [118] [119] [120] |
Fiji | 1961 –14 March 2012 | In Fijian: Ilisapeci – Na Radi ni Viti kei Peritania In English: Elizabeth – Queen of Fiji and Great Britain | [121] |
1998 –14 March 2012 | In Fijian: Tui Viti or Vunivalu In English: Queen or paramount chief of Fiji | [122] | |
Gibraltar | 6 May 2010 –8 September 2022 | Queen of Gibraltar | [123] [lower-alpha 5] |
Guernsey | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Duke of Normandy | [125] |
Isle of Man | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Lord of Mann | [125] |
Jersey | 6 February 1952 –8 September 2022 | Duke of Normandy | [125] |
Nebraska, United States | ? –8 September 2022 | Admiral in the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska | [126] |
Rhodesia | 11 November 1965 –2 March 1970 | Queen of Rhodesia | [lower-alpha 6] [127] |
Scotland | 1 July 1999 –8 September 2022 | Queen of Scots | [128] [129] [130] |
Wales | 6 August 1946 –2019 | Bard Elizabeth O Windsor | [131] [132] [133] |
Region | Title | Ref |
---|---|---|
British Columbia, Canada | Mother of All People | [134] |
British Hong Kong | 事頭婆 [lower-alpha 7] (Cantonese: "Boss Lady") | [135] |
Jamaica | Missis Queen (In Jamaican Patois) | [136] [137] |
The Queen Lady (In Jamaican Patois) | [136] [137] | |
New Zealand | Te Kotuku Rerengatahi (Māori: Rare White Heron of Single Flight) | [138] [139] |
Papua New Guinea | Missis Kwin (Tok Pisin: Mrs Queen) | [140] [141] |
Mama belong big family (In Tok Pisin) | [142] [140] | |
Rhodesia and Nyasaland [lower-alpha 8] | Great White Mother of Africa | [143] [144] |
Russia | Baba Liza (баба Лиза) (In English: Granny Liz) | [145] |
Sierra Leone | Mama Queen II | [146] |
Namuga village, Star Harbour, Makira, Solomon Islands | Fau Ni Qweraasi (A title given to a wealthy, powerful, peaceful, and loving female leader, who is capable of resolving disputes) | [147] [148] |
South Africa | Motlalepula ("The Rain Queen" or "the one who brings the rain") | [149] [150] |
United Kingdom | Princess Auto Mechanic | [151] [152] |
The World's Sweetheart | [153] [154] | |
Elizabeth the Great | [155] [156] | |
Wales | Ein Tywysoges (Welsh: Our Own Princess) | [131] [132] [133] |
Country | Date | Decoration | Ribbon | Post-nominal letters |
---|---|---|---|---|
British Commonwealth | 1935 | King George V Silver Jubilee Medal | ||
British Commonwealth | 1937 | King George VI Coronation Medal | ||
United Kingdom | 1945 | Defence Medal | ||
United Kingdom | 1945 | War Medal 1939–1945 | ||
Canada | 1951 | Canadian Forces' Decoration and five bars | CD | |
United Kingdom | 11 October 2016 | Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars [177] [178] | ||
United Kingdom | 11 October 2016 | Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars | ||
United Kingdom | 11 October 2016 | RAF Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and five bars | ||
British Commonwealth | 11 March 2020 | ULS Extension of the Service Medal of the Order of St John with 3 Gold Bars[ citation needed ] |
Country | Date | Decoration | Ribbon | Post-nominal letters |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dominica | 1985 | Dominica Award of Honour [5] | DAH | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1985 | Trinity Cross Medal in Gold [5] | TC | |
Brunei | 1992 | Sultan of Brunei Silver Jubilee Medal [5] |
Source | Date | Appointment |
---|---|---|
Royal House of Mukhrani Georgia | 8 March 2017 | Grand Collar of the Order of the Eagle of Georgia [202] [203] |
Country | Date | Decoration | Ribbon | Post-nominal letters |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nepal | 1961 | Mahendra Chain [5] | ||
Sudan | 1964 | Chain of Honour [5] | ||
Saudi Arabia | 1979 | Badr Chain | ||
Qatar | 1979 | Collar of the Independence [5] | ||
United Arab Emirates | 1989 | Collar of the Federation [5] |
Country | Date | Organisation | Position |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1947 –1952 | Royal Society | Fellow (FRS) |
United Kingdom | 1947 –2022 | Worshipful Company of Drapers | Freeman (by patrimony, her father (King George VI) being a member) |
United Kingdom | 1947 –2022 | Institution of Civil Engineers | Honorary member and patron [226] |
United Kingdom | 1951 –2022 | Royal College of Surgeons of England | Honorary fellow (FRCS) |
United Kingdom | 1951 –2022 | Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists | Honorary fellow (FRCOG) |
Country | Date | University | Degree |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1946 | University of London | Bachelor of Music (BMus) honoris causa |
United Kingdom | 1948 | University of Oxford | Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) honoris causa |
United Kingdom | 1949 | University of Wales | Doctor of Music (DMus) honoris causa |
United Kingdom | 1951 | University of Edinburgh | Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa |
United Kingdom | 1951 | University of London | Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa |
In 1975 she received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award. [227]
In April 2013, the Queen was presented with an honorary BAFTA award by Sir Kenneth Branagh in a ceremony at Windsor Castle. The BAFTA was given for her "lifelong support of the British film and television industry". [228]
On 21 June 2022, the Queen was presented with the Canterbury Cross by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for unstinting support of the Church throughout her reign." [229]
She received the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) Lifetime Achievement Award for her dedication to equestrian sports. [230]
On 14 May 2023, the Queen posthumously won a BAFTA 'Most Memorable Moment Award' as part of her role in 'Paddington meets The Queen from the Platinum Jubilee: Party at the Palace!' via a public vote. [231]
The House of Windsor is a British royal house, and currently the reigning house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The royal house's name was inspired by the historic Windsor Castle estate. Since it was founded in 1917, there have been five British monarchs of the House of Windsor: George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II, and Charles III. The children and male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip also genealogically belong to the House of Oldenburg since Philip was by birth a member of the Glücksburg branch of that house.
The style and title of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe. As various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gradually gained independence, the style and title of the monarchs changed almost as often as the kings and queens themselves. The mode of address currently employed is a combination of a style that originates in the early 17th century and a title established by Canadian law in 2024.
A Royal Style and Titles Act, or a Royal Titles Act, is an act of parliament passed in the relevant country that defines the formal title for the sovereign as monarch of that country. This practice began in 1876, when the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Royal Titles Act. By that law, and the subsequent Royal Titles Act 1901 and Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927, the monarch held one title throughout the British Empire. Following the enactment of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governments of the now separate and independent realms sharing one person as sovereign agreed in 1949 that each should adopt its own royal style and title, which was done in 1952. As colonies became new realms, they passed their own royal style and titles acts. Most of the laws were created during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II.
The monarchy of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of New Zealand. The current monarch, King Charles III, acceded to the throne following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022 in the United Kingdom. The King's elder son, William, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent.
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Elizabeth II was the only queen of the State of Malta, which existed from 1964 to 1974. The State of Malta was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy, which shared a monarch with other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Elizabeth's constitutional roles in Malta were mostly delegated to a governor-general.
Elizabeth II was proclaimed queen throughout the Commonwealth after her father, King George VI, died in the early hours of 6 February 1952, while Elizabeth was in Kenya. Proclamations were made in different Commonwealth realms on 6, 7, 8, and 11 February. The line of succession was identical in all the Commonwealth realms, but the royal title as proclaimed was not the same in all of them. Accession was followed sixteen months later by the Coronation of Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in London on 2 June 1953.
Air Commodore-in-Chief is a senior honorary air force appointment which originated in the Royal Air Force and now exists in the air forces of various Commonwealth realms. Appointees are made Air Commodore-in-Chief of a large air force organisation or formation. Initially only the British monarch held air commodore-in-chief appointments. However, since the second half of the 20th century, other members of the royal family have been appointed to such positions in the United Kingdom and the other realms such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. As of 2020, these appointments have been given to just six senior members of the royal family, of whom four were reigning or future monarchs of the Commonwealth realms.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Ghana from 1957 to 1960, when Ghana was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. She was also queen of the United Kingdom and other sovereign states. Her constitutional roles in Ghana were delegated to the governor-general of Ghana.
Elizabeth II was Queen of The Gambia from 1965 to 1970, when the Gambia was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in the Gambia were delegated to the governor-general.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Guyana from 1966 to 1970, when Guyana was independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles were delegated to the governor-general of Guyana.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Kenya from 1963 to 1964, when Kenya was an independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her roles as the Kenyan head of state were delegated to the governor-general of Kenya.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Malawi from 1964 to 1966, when Malawi was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. The 1964 Constitution of Malawi vested executive power in the monarch as head of state, though her constitutional roles were delegated to her representative, the Governor-General, Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones, who was also the last Governor of Nyasaland.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Mauritius as well as its head of state from 1968 to 1992 when Mauritius was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Mauritius were delegated to a governor-general. Mauritius became a republic in 1992.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Uganda as well as the head of state of Uganda from 1962 to 1963, when the country was an independent constitutional monarchy. She was also the sovereign of other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations, including the United Kingdom.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Sierra Leone from 1961 to 1971, when Sierra Leone was an independent constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Sierra Leone were mostly delegated to the governor-general of Sierra Leone.
And as President Ronald Reagan once famously remarked, 'Throughout the world, with all due respect to every other female monarch, whenever we speak about "The Queen" we all know which one we are referring to.'
To you, she was your Queen. To us, she was the Queen," Mr. Macron said in English in a video message posted on Twitter.
The correct word for a 'queen' had always been 'die Königin', he said. However, new editions now carry an additional entry: 'die Queen'. As Duden states clearly: 'There is no plural.'
Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was not just Queen Elizabeth II. She was simply The Queen.
The Governor of Gibraltar is the representative of the Queen of Gibraltar, Queen Elizabeth II.
At a ceremonial durbar, in the Sierra Leone provincial town of Bo, some of the paramount chiefs got so high on palm wine that they had to be carried to greet "Mama Queen II" (Queen Victoria was Mama Queen I).
But by the time she left, the rains had come, the crowds had turned out after all, and a legend had become official. Thabo Mbeki had declared her Motlalepula – the Rain Queen.