List of toucans

Last updated

A collared aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) in Costa Rica Pteroglossus torquatus Costa Rica.jpg
A collared aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) in Costa Rica

Toucans are birds in the family Ramphastidae in the order Piciformes. There are currently 43 extant species of toucans recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union. [1]

Contents

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (0 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN  Endangered (1 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT  Near threatened (5 species)
 LC  Least concern (28 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the toucan’s range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List. [1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN [lower-alpha 1] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, [3] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 43 species of toucans in five genera. [1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Family Ramphastidae

Toucans

Genus Aulacorhynchus Gould, 1835 – 11 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeIUCN status and estimated population
Wagler's toucanet

Aulacorhynchus prasinus wagleri 13613008.jpg

A. wagleri [lower-alpha 2]
(Sturm, J. H. C. F., & Sturm, J. W., 1841)
Southwestern Mexico
Aulacorhynchus wagleri map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [4]

Emerald toucanet

Aulacorhynchus prasinus -perching on branch-8a.jpg

A. prasinus [lower-alpha 2]
(Gould, 1833)

Four subspecies
  • A. p. warneri
  • A. p. prasinus
  • A. p. virescens
  • A. p. volcanius
Eastern Mexico to Nicaragua
Aulacorhynchus prasinus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [5]

Blue-throated toucanet

Blue-throated Toucanet JCB 2.jpg

A. caeruleogularis [lower-alpha 2]
Gould, 1853

Two subspecies
  • A. c. caeruleogularis
  • A. c. cognatus
Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia
Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [6]

White-throated toucanet [lower-alpha 3]

Aulacorhynchus albivitta (14458390459).jpg

A. albivitta [lower-alpha 4]
(Boissonneau, 1840)

Four subspecies
  • A. a. lautus
  • A. a. griseigularis
  • A. a. phaeolaemus
  • A. a. albivitta
Colombia, western Venezuela and eastern Ecuador
Aulacorhynchus albivitta map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [7]

Black-throated toucanet

Aulacorhynchus albivitta atrogularis 238959852.jpg

A. atrogularis [lower-alpha 4] [lower-alpha 5]
(Sturm, J. H. C. F. & Sturm, J. W., 1841)

Four subspecies
  • A. a. cyanolaemus
  • A. a. dimidiatus
  • A. a. atrogularis
Central Ecuador to western Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus atrogularis map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Groove-billed toucanet

Aulacorhynchus sulcatus -Aragua State -Venezuela-8 (cropped).jpg

A. sulcatus [lower-alpha 6]
(Sturm, J. H. C. F. & Sturm, J. W., 1841)

Three subspecies
  • A. s. sulcatus
  • A. s. erythrognathus
  • A. s. calorhynchus
Northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela
Aulacorhynchus sulcatus map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Chestnut-tipped toucanet

Aulacorhynchus derbianus 235443939 (cropped).jpg

A. derbianus
Gould, 1835
Southeastern Colombia to central Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus derbianus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [8]

Tepui toucanet

AulacorhamphusWhitelyanusKeulemans (cropped).jpg

A. whitelianus
Salvin & Godman, 1882

Three subspecies
  • A. w. duidae
  • A. w. whitelianus
  • A. w. osgoodi
Southern Venezuela and southern Guyana
Aulacorhynchus whitelianus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [9]

Crimson-rumped toucanet

Crimson-rumped Toucanet JCB.jpg

A. haematopygus
(Gould, 1835)

Two subspecies
  • A. h. haematopygus
  • A. h. sexnotatus
Western Venezuela to eastern Ecuador
Aulacorhynchus haematopygus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [10]

Yellow-browed toucanet

Yellow-browed Toucanet.jpg

A. huallagae
Carriker, 1933
Northern Peru
Yellow-browed Toucanet map.PNG
 EN 


600–1,500 Decrease2.svg [11]

Blue-banded toucanet

Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis 107076737.jpg

A. coeruleicinctis
D'Orbigny, 1840
Central Peru to southeastern Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [12]

Genus Pteroglossus Illiger, 1811 – 14 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeIUCN status and estimated population
Green aracari

Pteroglossus viridis at the Denver Zoo-2012 03 12 0978.jpg

P. viridis
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northeastern Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus viridis map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [13]

Lettered aracari

2- Belem Brasil.jpg

P. inscriptus [lower-alpha 7]
Swainson, 1822

Two subspecies
  • P. i. inscriptus
  • P. i. humboldti
Western and southern Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus inscriptus map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Red-necked aracari

Pteroglossus bitorquatus - Red-necked Aracari; Arari, Maranhao, Brazil.jpg

P. bitorquatus [lower-alpha 8]
Vigors, 1826

Three subspecies
  • P. b. sturmii
  • P. b. reichenowi
  • P. b. bitorquatus
Southern Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus bitorquatus map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Ivory-billed aracari

Ivory-billed Aracari RWD4.jpg

P. azara [lower-alpha 9]
Vieillot, 1819

Two subspecies
  • P. a. flavirostris
  • P. a. azara
Northwestern Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus azara map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Brown-mandibled aracari

Pteroglossus mariae - Brown-mandibled Aracari; Beruri, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg

P. mariae [lower-alpha 9]
Gould, 1854
Southwestern Amazon rainforest  NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Black-necked aracari

Black-necked aracari.jpg

P. aracari
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Three subspecies
  • P. a. atricollis
  • P. a. aracari
  • P. a. wiedii
Northeastern and eastern South America
Pteroglossus aracari map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [14]

Chestnut-eared aracari

Aracari Castanho.jpg

P. castanotis
Gould, 1834

Two subspecies
  • P. c. castanotis
  • P. c. australis
Western Amazon rainforest to southeastern Brazil
Pteroglossus castanotis map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [15]

Many-banded aracari

Many-banded Aracari, Ecuador.jpg

P. pluricinctus
Gould, 1835
Northwestern Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus pluricinctus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [16]

Collared aracari

Collared Aracari (44517373101).jpg

P. torquatus [lower-alpha 10]
(Gmelin, J. F., 1788)

Three subspecies
  • P. t. torquatus
  • P. t. erythrozonus
  • P. t. nuchalis
Mexico to Venezuela
Pteroglossus torquatus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [17]

Stripe-billed aracari

Pteroglossus sanguineus Stripe-billed Aracari, Choco, Colombia (8117246225) (cropped).jpg

P. sanguineus [lower-alpha 10]
Gould, 1854
Western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador  LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [18]

Pale-mandibled aracari

Pale-billed Aracari (33967366678).jpg

P. erythropygius [lower-alpha 10]
Gould, 1843
Western Ecuador  LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [19]

Fiery-billed aracari

Fiery-billed Aracari -43 100- (35281310154).jpg

P. frantzii
Cabanis, 1861
Costa Rica and Panama
Pteroglossus frantzii map.svg
 LC 


50,000–499,999 Decrease2.svg [20]

Curl-crested aracari

Curl-crested Aracari.jpg

P. beauharnaisii
Wagler, 1831
Western Amazon rainforest
Pteroglossus beauharnaisii map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [21]

Saffron toucanet

Aracari-banana - Pteroglossus bailloni.jpg

P. bailloni
(Vieillot, 1819)
Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
Pteroglossus bailloni map.svg
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [22]

Genus Selenidera Gould, 1837 – 6 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeIUCN status and estimated population
Yellow-eared toucanet

Selenidera spectabilis 58029483.jpg

S. spectabilis
Cassin, 1858
Honduras to southwestern Colombia
Selenidera spectabilis map.svg
 LC 


50,000–499,999 Decrease2.svg [23]

Guianan toucanet

Guianan Toucanet -Dallas World Aquarium-male-8a.jpg

S. piperivora
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northeastern Amazon rainforest
Selenidera piperivora map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [24]

Golden-collared toucanet

Selenidera reinwardtii langsdorfii - Golden-collared toucanet (male); Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg

S. reinwardtii [lower-alpha 11]
(Wagler, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • S. r. reinwardtii
  • S. r. langsdorffii
Western Amazon rainforest
Selenidera reinwardtii map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Tawny-tufted toucanet

Selenidera nattereri 12833385.jpg

S. nattereri
(Gould, 1835)
Northcentral Amazon rainforest
Selenidera nattereri map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [25]

Gould's toucanet

Selenidera gouldii - Gould's toucanet (male).jpg

S. gouldii
(Natterer, 1837)
Southern Amazon rainforest
Selenidera gouldii map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [26]

Spot-billed toucanet

Aracari-poca.jpg

S. maculirostris
(Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823)
Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
Selenidera maculirostris map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [27]

Genus Andigena Gould, 1851 – 4 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeIUCN status and estimated population
Grey-breasted mountain toucan

Grey-breasted mountain toucan (Andigena hypoglauca) Caldas.jpg

A. hypoglauca
(Gould, 1833)

Two subspecies
  • A. h. hypoglauca
  • A. h. lateralis
Central Colombia to Peru
Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan map.PNG
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [28]

Plate-billed mountain toucan

Plate-billed Mountain-toucan (47792081302).jpg

A. laminirostris
Gould, 1851
Southeastern Colombia to southern Ecuador
Andigena laminirostris map.svg
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [29]

Hooded mountain toucan

Andigena cucullata (Hooded Mountain Toucan), Vogelpark Walsrode.jpg

A. cucullata
(Gould, 1846)
Southeastern Peru to central Bolivia
Andigena cucullata map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [30]

Black-billed mountain toucan

Black-billed-Mountain-Toucan.jpg

A. nigrirostris
(Waterhouse, 1839)

Three subspecies
  • A. n. occidentalis
  • A. n. spilorhynchus
  • A. n. nigrirostris
Western Venezuela to northern Peru
Andigena nigrirostris map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [31]

Genus Ramphastos Linnaeus, 1758 – 8 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeIUCN status and estimated population
Red-breasted toucan

Tucano de bico verde (Ramphastos dicolorus).jpg

R. dicolorus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
Ramphastos dicolorus map.svg
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Channel-billed toucan

Ramphastos vitellinus -Kobe Kachoen-8a.jpg

R. vitellinus [lower-alpha 12] [lower-alpha 13]
Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1823

Three subspecies
  • R. v. culminatus
  • R. v. vitellinus
  • R. v. ariel
Amazon rainforest and eastern and southeastern Brazil  NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Citron-throated toucan

Ramphastos vitellinus citreolaemus.jpg

R. citreolaemus [lower-alpha 12]
Gould, 1844
Northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela  LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [33]

Choco toucan

Choco toucan.jpg

R. brevis
Meyer de Schauensee, 1945
Northwestern Colombia to southwestern Ecuador
Ramphastos brevis range.png
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [34]

Keel-billed toucan

Keel-billed Toucan - Ramphastos sulfuratus, Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, Belmopan, Belize.jpg

R. sulfuratus
Lesson, R. P., 1830

Two subspecies
  • R. s. sulfuratus
  • R. s. brevicarinatus
Eastern Mexico to northwestern Venezuela
Ramphastos sulfuratus range.png
 NT 


50,000–499,999 Decrease2.svg [35]

Toco toucan

Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco) - 48153967707.jpg

R. toco
Müller, P. L. S., 1776

Two subspecies
  • R. t. toco
  • R. t. albogularis
Northeastern, central, and southeastern South America
Glauco area.png
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [36]

White-throated toucan

Red-billed toucan 31l07.JPG

R. tucanus [lower-alpha 14]
Linnaeus, 1758

Three subspecies
  • R. t. tucanus
  • R. t. cuvieri
  • R. t. inca
Amazon rainforest
Ramphastos tucanus map.svg
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Yellow-throated toucan

Yellow-throated Toucan (32697940868).jpg

R. ambiguus
Swainson, 1823

Three subspecies
  • R. a. swainsonii
  • R. a. ambiguus
  • R. a. abbreviatus
Central and northwestern South America
Ramphastos ambiguus map.svg
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [37]

Notes

  1. The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist. [2]
  2. 1 2 3 The Clements Checklist treats the Wagler's, emerald, and blue-throated toucanets as a one species, the northern emerald-toucanet. [3]
  3. Called greyish-throated toucanet by the IUCN.
  4. 1 2 The Clements Checklist treats the white-throated and black-throated toucanets as a one species, the southern emerald-toucanet. [3]
  5. The IUCN splits the black-throated toucanet sensu lato into two species, the black-billed toucanet (A. cyanolaemus) and black-throated toucanet sensu stricto (A. atrogularis). [2]
  6. The IUCN splits the groove-billed toucanet sensu lato into two species, the yellow-billed toucanet (A. calorhynchus) and groove-billed toucanet sensu stricto (A. sulcatus). [2]
  7. The IUCN splits the lettered aracari sensu lato into two species, the Humboldt's aracari (P. humboldti) and lettered aracari sensu stricto (P. inscriptus). [2]
  8. The IUCN splits the red-necked aracari into two species, the western red-necked aracari (P. sturmii) and eastern red-necked aracari (P. bitorquatus). [2]
  9. 1 2 The Clements Checklist and IUCN treat the brown-billed aracari as a subspecies of the ivory-billed aracari. [3] [2]
  10. 1 2 3 The Clements Checklist treats the stripe-billed and pale-billed aracaris as subspecies of the collared aracari. [3]
  11. The IUCN splits the golden-collared toucanet into two species, the red-billed toucanet (S. reinwardtii) and green-billed toucanet (S. langsdorffii). [2]
  12. 1 2 The Clements Checklist treats the citron-throated toucan as a subspecies of the channel-billed toucan. [3]
  13. The IUCN splits the channel-billed toucan sensu lato into three species, the yellow-ridged toucan (R. culminatus), Ariel toucan (R. ariel), and channel-billed toucan sensu stricto (R. vitellinus). [2]
  14. The IUCN splits the white-throated toucan into two species, the red-billed toucan (R. tucanus) and Cuvier's toucan (R. cuvieri). [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Collared aracari</span> Species of bird

The collared aracari or collared araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.

<i>Ramphastos</i> Genus of birds

The Ramphastos genus, also known as toucans, is a genus of brightly colored, tropical birds that are found throughout Central and South America from Southern Mexico to the southern cone of the South American continent. Toucans are typically characterized by their large, colorful bills, which are used for a variety of functions such as thermoregulation, feeding, and social signaling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aracari</span> Genus of birds

An aracari or araçari is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Choco toucan</span> Species of bird

The Choco toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green aracari</span> Species of bird

The green araçari, is a toucan, a near-passerine bird. It is found in the lowland forests of northeastern South America, in the northeast Amazon Basin, the Guianas and the eastern Orinoco River drainage of Venezuela. At 30–40 cm. (12–16 in) long and weighing 110–160 grams, it is the smallest aracari in its range, and among the smallest members of the toucan family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hooded mountain toucan</span> Species of bird

The hooded mountain toucan is a species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-breasted mountain toucan</span> Species of bird

The grey-breasted mountain toucan is a Near Threatened species of bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crimson-rumped toucanet</span> Species of bird

The crimson-rumped toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Groove-billed toucanet</span> Species of bird

The groove-billed toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivory-billed aracari</span> Species of bird

The ivory-billed aracari or ivory-billed araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saffron toucanet</span> Species of bird

The saffron toucanet is a species of bird in the family Ramphastidae found in the Atlantic Forest in far north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-necked aracari</span> Species of bird

The red-necked aracari or red-necked araçari is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guianan toucanet</span> Species of bird

The Guianan toucanet, or Guyana toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gould's toucanet</span> Species of bird

Gould's toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spot-billed toucanet</span> Species of bird

The spot-billed toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tawny-tufted toucanet</span> Species of bird

The tawny-tufted toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and possible Guyana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-collared toucanet</span> Species of bird

The golden-collared toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citron-throated toucan</span> Species of bird

The citron-throated toucan is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-throated toucanet</span> Species of bird

The black-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-throated toucanet</span> Species of bird

The white-throated toucanet or greyish-throated toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, barbets, toucans, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Clements Checklist. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  4. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus wagleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726177A186729530. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  5. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus prasinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726170A168664135. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  6. BirdLife International (2022). "Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T22726263A186724272. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  7. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus albivitta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42611196A95138483. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42611196A95138483.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  8. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus derbianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727086A94940722. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727086A94940722.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  9. BirdLife International (2016). "Aulacorhynchus whitelianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727094A94940906. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727094A94940906.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
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  11. BirdLife International (2019). "Aulacorhynchus huallagae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22681981A155420330. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22681981A155420330.en . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
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