Metropolitan State Hospital (Massachusetts)

Last updated

Metropolitan State Hospital
Metropolitan State Hospital Admin Building.jpg
Administration Building
Metropolitan State Hospital (Massachusetts)
Geography
LocationMassachusetts, United States
Organization
Funding Public hospital
Type Specialist
Services
Speciality Psychiatric hospital
History
Opened1927
Closed1992
Links
Lists Hospitals in Massachusetts
NRHP
Metropolitan State Hospital
USA Massachusetts location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
LocationOff Trapelo Rd., Belmont, Lexington, and Waltham, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°24′20″N71°12′49″W / 42.40556°N 71.21361°W / 42.40556; -71.21361
Area330 acres (130 ha)
Built1927 (1927)
ArchitectGordon C. Robb
Architectural styleColonial Revival
MPS Massachusetts State Hospitals and State Schools MPS
NRHP reference No. 93001482 [1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 21, 1994

The Metropolitan State Hospital was an American public hospital for the mentally ill, on grounds that extended across parts of Waltham, Lexington, and Belmont, Massachusetts. Founded in 1927, it was at one time the largest and most modern facility of its type in Massachusetts. [2] It was closed in January 1992 as a result of the state's cost-cutting policy of closing its mental hospitals and moving patients into private and community-based settings. The main complex of buildings has subsequently been redeveloped into apartments. The hospital campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places 1994. The property also housed the Gaebler Children's Center for mentally ill youth.

Contents

History

The Metropolitan State Hospital's founding originated in legislation passed by the state in 1900, mandating that the state take over care for the mentally ill, which had in some cases only been handled at the local level. Site selection for a facility in the Greater Boston area, where the demand for additional space was the greatest, took until 1926. Ground was broken on the hospital buildings in 1926, and the facility was formally dedicated in 1928, and opened on October 29, 1930. Construction continued until 1935, with some stages under Works Progress Administration supervision. The complex cost $1.8 million and was considered the most modern mental health facility in the country. [3]

The hospital's design was reflective of the third stage of development of facilities for the mentally ill, after the Kirkbride Plan and the cottage/colony system. It also reflected the advent of roads rather than railroads as major transport arteries, as it was not located near any railroad lines. Its buildings were designed in the Colonial Revival style by Gordon Robb, with landscaping, based on principles laid down by the Olmsted Brothers, by R. Hayward Loring. At its peak, the facility had a patient population of nearly 2,000. [4] The grounds included the Met-Fern cemetery, a burial site it shared with the Fernald School. [5]

In 1978, Metropolitan State patient Anne Marie Davee was murdered by another patient, Melvin W. Wilson. [6] [7] [8] [9]

The facility was closed in 1992 during a deinstitutionalization movement when most state mental hospitals in Massachusetts shut down and patients were placed in smaller group settings. The property was unused until redevelopment began in 2007. [3]

Redevelopment and open space

In 2007, some of the complex's residential wards located in the Lexington portion of the property were adaptively repurposed for conventional residential use as part of larger apartment complex development known as Avalon at Lexington Hills. The Administration Building, pictured above, stands in Waltham. A number of the former hospital buildings were incorporated into the new development including the former Kline Hall which now houses marketing offices, Lexington's cable access station, an auditorium and a fitness area. A large concrete relief from the medical-surgical building has been installed outside the building as a memorial to the state hospital. The extensive wooded grounds are open to the public and protected in perpetuity from further development. The trails include part of the Western Greenway open space, connecting to the Rock Meadow conservation area in Belmont to the east and, according to plans, in 2009, to the Middlesex County Hospital area to the west. [3]

See also

Related Research Articles

McLean Hospital is a psychiatric hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. It is noted for its clinical staff expertise and neuroscience research and is also known for the large number of famous people who have been treated there. McLean maintains the world's largest neuroscientific and psychiatric research program in a private hospital. It is the largest psychiatric facility of Harvard Medical School, an affiliate of Massachusetts General Hospital, and part of Mass General Brigham, which also includes Brigham and Women's Hospital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaebler Children's Center</span> Hospital in Massachusetts, United States

Gaebler Children's Center was a psychiatric institution operated by the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health for severely mentally ill children and adolescents, located in Waltham, Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center</span> United States historic place

The Walter E. Fernald State School, later the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, was the Western hemisphere's oldest publicly funded institution serving people with developmental disabilities. Originally a Victorian sanatorium, it became a "poster child" for the American eugenics movement during the 1920s. It later was the scene of medical experiments in the 20th century. Investigations into this research led to new regulations regarding human research in children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tewksbury Hospital</span> United States historic place

Tewksbury Hospital is a National Register of Historic Places-listed site located on an 800+ acre campus in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. The centerpiece of the hospital campus is the 1894 Richard Morris Building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Danvers State Hospital</span> Former psychiatric hospital in Massachusetts, USA

The Danvers State Hospital, also known as the State Lunatic Hospital at Danvers, The Danvers Lunatic Asylum, and The Danvers State Insane Asylum, was a psychiatric hospital located in Danvers, Massachusetts. It was built in 1874, and opened in 1878, under the supervision of prominent Boston architect Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, on an isolated site in rural Massachusetts. It was a multi-acre, self-contained psychiatric hospital designed and built according to the Kirkbride Plan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taunton State Hospital</span> Hospital in Massachusetts, United States

Taunton State Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located on Hodges Avenue in Taunton, Massachusetts. Established in 1854, it was originally known as the State Lunatic Hospital at Taunton. It was the second state asylum in Massachusetts. Most of the original part of the facility was built in a unique and rare neo-classical style designed by architects Boyden & Ball. It is also a Kirkbride Plan hospital and is located on a large 154-acre (62 ha) farm along the Mill River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts</span>

This is a list of properties and districts in Massachusetts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are over 4,300 listings in the state, representing about 5% of all NRHP listings nationwide and the second-most of any U.S. state, behind only New York. Listings appear in all 14 Massachusetts counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central State Hospital (Milledgeville, Georgia)</span> United States historic place

Georgia's state mental asylum located in Milledgeville, Georgia, now known as the Central State Hospital (CSH), has been the state's largest facility for treatment of mental illness and developmental disabilities. In continuous operation since accepting its first patient in December 1842, the hospital was founded as the Georgia State Lunatic, Idiot, and Epileptic Asylum, and was also known as the Georgia State Sanitarium and Milledgeville State Hospital during its long history. By the 1960s the facility had grown into the largest mental hospital in the world. Its landmark Powell Building and the vast, abandoned 1929 Jones Building stand among some 200 buildings on two thousand acres that once housed nearly 12,000 patients.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harrisburg State Hospital</span> United States historic place

Harrisburg State Hospital, formerly known from 1851 to 1937 as Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, was Pennsylvania's first public facility to house the mentally ill and disabled. Its campus is located on Cameron and Maclay Streets, and operated as a mental hospital until 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum</span> United States historic place

The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, subsequently the Weston State Hospital, was a Kirkbride psychiatric hospital that was operated from 1864 until 1994 by the government of the U.S. state of West Virginia, in the city of Weston. Weston State Hospital got its name in 1913 which was used while patients occupied it, but was changed back to its originally commissioned, unused name, the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, after being reopened as a tourist attraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western State Hospital (Staunton, Virginia)</span> Hospital in Virginia, United States

Western State Hospital, called Western State Lunatic Asylum in its early years, is a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, which admitted its first patient on July 24, 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimock Community Health Center Complex</span> United States historic place

The Dimock Community Health Center Complex is a historic medical complex at 41 and 55 Dimock Street in Boston, Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westborough State Hospital</span> United States historic place

Westborough State Hospital, originally "Westborough Insane Hospital", was a historic hospital in Westborough, Massachusetts, which sat on more than 600 acres (240 ha). The core campus area was located between Lyman Street and Chauncy Lake, north of Massachusetts Route 9. The hospital was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foxborough State Hospital</span> United States historic place

Foxborough State Hospital, historically known as the Massachusetts Hospital for Dipsomaniacs and Inebriates, is a historic medical treatment facility at the junction of Chestnut and Main Streets in Foxborough, Massachusetts. The creation of an alcohol abuse treatment facility was authorized by state legislation in 1889, and the Foxborough campus was developed in the 1890s. The original campus consisted of a series of residential wards in an L shape, with an administration building at the center, and a variety of ancillary support buildings on the grounds. Problems with the facility, including its location, prompted the state to move the substance abuse facility in 1914 to a new campus in Norfolk. The Foxborough campus was then adapted for use as a standard mental hospital. The surviving 19th-century elements of the campus were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medfield State Hospital</span> United States historic place

Medfield State Hospital, originally the Medfield Insane Asylum, is a historic former psychiatric hospital complex at 45 Hospital Road in Medfield, Massachusetts, United States. The asylum was established in 1892 as the state's first facility for dealing with chronic mental patients. The college-like campus was designed by William Pitt Wentworth and developed between 1896 and 1914. After an era dominated by asylums built using the Kirkbride Plan, Medfield Insane Asylum was the first asylum built using the new Cottage Plan layout, where instead of holding patients in cells, they would be integrated into a small community and work a specific job. It was formally renamed "Medfield State Hospital" in 1914.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northampton State Hospital</span> United States historic place

Northampton State Hospital was a historic psychiatric hospital at 1 Prince Street on top of Hospital Hill outside of Northampton, Massachusetts. The hospital building was constructed in 1856. It operated until 1993, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newton-Wellesley Hospital</span> Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts, US

Newton-Wellesley Hospital (NWH) is a community teaching medical center located in Newton, Massachusetts on Washington Street. It is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School. Founded in 1881, part of its campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Newton Cottage Hospital Historic District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Worcester State Hospital</span> Hospital in Massachusetts, United States

Worcester State Hospital was a Massachusetts state mental hospital located in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is credited to the architectural firm of Weston & Rand. The hospital and surrounding associated historic structures are listed as Worcester Asylum and related buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Templeton Developmental Center</span> United States historic place

The Templeton Developmental Center was a state-run facility for mentally disabled people located in Templeton, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Founded as the Templeton Farm Colony in 1899 through the efforts of Walter E. Fernald, superintendent of what is now called the Fernald School in Waltham, Massachusetts, it was considered an innovative and progressive facility for managing the state's developmentally disabled population at the time. The large facility was closed in 2015, with some intermediate care facilities remaining open on the campus. The property and some of the buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Augusta Mental Health Institute</span> United States historic place

The Maine Insane Hospital, later the Augusta Mental Health Institute (AMHI), was a psychiatric hospital in Augusta, Maine. It was the principal facility for the care and treatment of Maine's mentally ill from 1840 to 2004, and its surviving buildings represent the oldest surviving complex of mental care facilities in the United States. The complex is located on the east bank of the Kennebec River, immediately south of the former Kennebec Arsenal, and now primarily houses state offices. The hospital was replaced by the Riverview Psychiatric Center in 2004, located just to the south. The hospital's core complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, with the listing enlarged to encompass the entire campus in 2001.

References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. Richard A. Hogarty (2002). Massachusetts politics and public policy: studies in power and leadership. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 115. ISBN   978-1-55849-362-9.
  3. 1 2 3 "Area AA — Metropolitan State Hospital". Lexington Comprehensive Cultural Resources Survey. Lexington Historical Commission. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  4. "NRHP nomination for Metropolitan State Hospital". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  5. "Metfern Cemetery". www.temblast.com.
  6. "Metropolitan State Hospital - ANN DAVEE". Met State Hospital.
  7. "The dismembered body of a Metropolitan State... " Boston Globe Aug 12, 1980
  8. "Backman: Hospital Murder Data Missing" Boston Globe Aug 15, 1980
  9. "Mental patient held in dismemberment murder". St. Joseph Gazette. August 13, 1980. Retrieved October 29, 2013.