NGC 3994

Last updated
NGC 3994
NGC 3994 hst o4rl03010 sx2-1-.png
NGC 3994 by Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 11h 57m 36.9s [1]
Declination +32° 16′ 40″ [1]
Redshift 0.010279 ± 0.000009 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 3,082 ± 3 km/s [1]
Distance 161 ± 11.4 Mly (49.4 ± 3.5 Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)12.7 [2]
Characteristics
Type SA(r)c pec [1]
Apparent size  (V)1.30′ × 0.64′ [1]
Notable features Interacting galaxy
Other designations
UGC 6936, Arp 313, VV 249b, MCG +06-26-059, PGC 37616, HOLM 309B

NGC 3994 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy lies about 160 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3994 is approximately 70,000 light years across. [1] It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on April 6, 1864. [3]

NGC 3994 forms a triplet of galaxies with NGC 3995, which lies 1.9 arcminutes, and NGC 3991, which lies 3.7 arcminutes away. The triplet has been included in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 313. Both NGC 3995 and NGC 3991 have a disturbed appearance while NGC 3994 does not. [4] The triplet is part of the NGC 3966 Group or LGG 259. Other members include NGC 3966, NGC 3935, NGC 3986, IC 2973, UGC 6892, IC 2978, and IC 2979. [5] [6]

The nucleus of the galaxy has been found to be active, and based on its spectral lines it is a composite object with LINER and HII region characteristics. [7] The nucleus lacks central ultraviolet emission when observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. Star formation knots are visible along the spiral arms, most of them with ages less than 20 million years, with no correlation between location and age. [8] The star formation rate of NGC 3995 is estimated to be 2.9±0.6  M☉ per year, with higher rates observed near the centre of the galaxy. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaurus A</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

Centaurus A is a galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop from his home in Parramatta, in New South Wales, Australia. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type and distance. NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is also the fifth-brightest in the sky, making it an ideal amateur astronomy target. It is only visible from the southern hemisphere and low northern latitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2787</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on December 3, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, pretty large, a little extended 90°, much brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, very small (faint) star involved to the southeast". The visible galaxy has an angular size of 2.5 × 1.5 arcminutes or 3.24 × 1.81 arcminutes and an apparent visual magnitude of 11.8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4261</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784, by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1672</span> Galaxy in the constellation Dorado

NGC 1672 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Dorado. It was discovered by the astronomer James Dunlop on November 5, 1826. It was originally unclear whether it was a member of the Dorado Group, with some sources finding it to be a member and other sources rejecting its membership. However, recent tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) measurements indicate that NGC 1672 is located at the same distance as other members, suggesting it is indeed a member of the Dorado Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1614</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1614 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered on December 29, 1885 by American astronomer Lewis Swift, who described it in a shorthand notation as: pretty faint, small, round, a little brighter middle. The nebula was then catalogued by Danish-Irish astronomer J. L. E. Drayer in 1888. When direct photography became available, it was noted that this galaxy displayed some conspicuous peculiarities. American astronomer Halton Arp included it in his 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. In 1971, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky described it as a "blue post-eruptive galaxy, compact patchy core, spiral plumes, long blue jet SSW".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3675</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3675 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3675 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7469</span> Galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7469 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 7469 is located about 200 million light-years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 7469 is approximately 90,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 12, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7184</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aquarius

NGC 7184 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aquarius. It is located at a distance of circa 100 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7184 is about 175,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 28, 1783.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5982</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5982 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5982 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 25, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7674</span> Galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7674 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is located at a distance of about 350 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7674 is about 125,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on August 16, 1830.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1386</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1386 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridanus. It is located at a distance of circa 53 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1386 is about 50,000 light years across. It is a Seyfert galaxy, the only one in Fornax Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4278</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4278 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is located at a distance of circa 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4278 is about 65,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 13, 1785. NGC 4278 is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue and can be found about one and 3/4 of a degree northwest of Gamma Comae Berenices even with a small telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 877</span> Galaxy located in the constellation Aries

NGC 877 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 160 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 877 is about 115,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 14, 1784. It interacts with NGC 876.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 691</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 691 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 691 is about 130,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 13, 1786.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 765</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 765 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 220 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 765 is about 195,000 light years across. It was discovered by Albert Marth on October 8, 1864. The galaxy has an extensive hydrogen (HI) disk with low surface brightness, whose diameter is estimated to be 240 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5953</span> Galaxy in the constellation Serpens

NGC 5953 is a peculiar spiral galaxy in the constellation Serpens. The galaxy lies about 80 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 5953 is approximately 35,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 17, 1784. NGC 5953 interacts with NGC 5954 forming a pair known as Arp 91.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3395</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

NGC 3395 is a peculiar spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. The galaxy lies about 55 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3395 is approximately 35,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 7, 1785. NGC 3395 interacts with NGC 3396.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3396</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

NGC 3396 is a peculiar barred irregular galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. The galaxy lies about 80 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3396 is approximately 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 7, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3995</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3995 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy lies about 100 million light years away from Earth based on the Tully–Fisher relation, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3995 is approximately 80,000 light years across, while based on redshift it lies 170 million light years away. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on February 5, 1864.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3994. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3994". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3994". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. ↑ Sandage, A., Bedke, J. (1994), The Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies. Volume I, Carnegie Institution of Washington
  5. ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1 July 1993). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN   0365-0138.
  6. ↑ Makarov, Dmitry; Karachentsev, Igor (21 April 2011). "Galaxy groups and clouds in the local (z~ 0.01) Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 412 (4): 2498–2520. arXiv: 1011.6277 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2498M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18071.x. S2CID   119194025. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  7. ↑ Gonçalves, A. C.; Véron-Cetty, M.-P.; Véron, P. (March 1999). "AGNs with composite spectra: II. Additional data". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 135 (3): 437–466. doi:10.1051/aas:1999183.
  8. ↑ Eggers, D.; Weistrop, D.; Stone, A.; Nelson, C. H.; Hancock, M. (January 2005). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Star-forming Regions in NGC 3994/3995". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 136–147. doi:10.1086/426358.
  9. ↑ Logroño-García, R.; Vilella-Rojo, G.; López-Sanjuan, C.; Varela, J.; Viironen, K.; Muniesa, D. J.; Cenarro, A. J.; Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.; Ederoclite, A.; Marín-Franch, A.; Moles, M.; Vázquez Ramió, H.; Bonoli, S.; Díaz-García, L. A.; Orsi, A.; San Roman, I.; Akras, S.; Chies-Santos, A. L.; Coelho, P. R. T.; Daflon, S.; Costa-Duarte, M. V.; Dupke, R.; Galbany, L.; González Delgado, R. M.; Hernandez-Jimenez, J. A.; Lopes de Oliveira, R.; Mendes de Oliveira, C.; Oteo, I.; Gonçalves, D. R.; Sánchez-Portal, M.; Schmidtobreick, L.; Sodré, L. (February 2019). "J-PLUS: Measuring H α emission line fluxes in the nearby universe". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A180. arXiv: 1804.04039 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732487.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.