Naga languages

Last updated

Naga languages
(geographic / cultural)
Ethnicity Naga people
Geographic
distribution		 India, Myanmar
Linguistic classification Sino-Tibetan
Subdivisions
Glottolog naga1409

The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of . Kuki-Chin-Naga languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples. [1]

Contents

Northern Naga languages do not fall within the group, in spite of being spoken by Naga groups; instead, these form part of the Sal languages within Sino-Tibetan, [2] while Southern Naga languages form a branch within Kuki-Chin languages subfamily. [3]

Classification

Angami–Ao

Angami–Pochuri

Central Naga (Ao)

Koki is a "Naga" language spoken in and around Leshi Township, Myanmar that could possibly classify as Tangkhulic languages or Ao languages.

Tangkhul-Maring

Western Naga (Zemeic)

See also

Related Research Articles

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The Chakhesang are a Naga ethnic group that inhibit in present-day Nagaland’s Phek District and are made up of three linguistic sub-tribes: Khezha, Sapuh or Poula [Poumai Chakhesang], and Chokri. Phek District is bordered on the west by Kohima District, on the north by Zunheboto and Kiphire Districts, on the southeast by Myanmar, and on the south by Manipur State. They are believed to have migrated from Makhel/Makhraira, a Mao Naga village now located in Manipur’s Senapati District, to their present settlement. As histories and traditions are passed down orally, there is no written record of where and how the migration route is separated, but it is widely believed and agreed that most Chakhesang villages had their roots in Khezakenoma village after their departure from Makhel village.

The Kuki-Chin–Naga languages are a geographic clustering of languages of the Sino-Tibetan family in James Matisoff's classification used by Ethnologue, which groups it under the non-monophyletic "Tibeto-Burman". Their genealogical relationship both to each other and to the rest of Sino-Tibetan is unresolved, but Matisoff lumps them together as a convenience pending further research.

The Ao or Central Naga languages are a small family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by various Naga peoples of Nagaland in northeast India. Conventionally classified as "Naga", they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and are conservatively classified as an independent branch of Sino-Tibetan, pending further research. There are around 607,000 speakers of the languages in total.

The Angami–Pochuri languages are a small family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in southern Nagaland and Northern Manipur of northeast India. Conventionally classified as "Naga", they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and are conservatively classified as an independent branch of Sino-Tibetan, pending further research.

The Tangkhulic and Tangkhul languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken mostly in northeastern Manipur, India. Conventionally classified as "Naga," they are not clearly related to other Naga languages, and are conservatively classified as an independent Tangkhul–Maring branch of Tibeto-Burman, pending further research.

The Kuki-Chin languages are a branch of 50 or so Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most speakers of these languages are known as Mizo in Mizoram and Manipur. Also, as Kukī in Assamese and Bengali and as Chin in Burmese; some also identify as Zomi. Mizo is the most widely spoken of the Kuki-Chin languages. The Kuki-Chin language has official status in both Chin State and Mizoram as Chin and Mizo respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibeto-Burman languages</span> Group of the Sino-Tibetan language family

The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

The Mao people are a Tibeto-Burman major ethnic group constituting the Nagas inhabiting the northern part of Manipur and some parts of Nagaland in Northeast India.

Rengma, or Southern Rengma, is an Angami–Pochuri language spoken in Nagaland, India.

Sorbung is a recently discovered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Manipur, northeastern India. Although the speakers are ethnically Tangkhul, it appears to be a non-Tangkhulic Kuki-Chin language, as it shows strong links with what was called 'Southern Tangkhul' in Brown (1837), which was also a non-Tangkhulic language spoke by ethnic Tangkhul.

Makury, or Makury Naga, is a Naga language of India and Myanmar. Shi (2009:3) and Saul (2005:25) suggest that Makury may be an Ao language. The Makury dialects share 93% lexical similarity.

Para or Para Naga, is an unclassified Naga language of India and Burma. It is not close to other Naga languages which it has been compared to, though Para Naga, Long Phuri Naga, and Makuri Naga may be closest to each other, with Para the most distinct. Barkman (2014) notes that Para Naga could possibly be an Ao or Tangkhulic language. Saul (2005) classifies Para Naga as an Ao language. Hsiu (2021) classifies Para as a sister of the Central Naga (Ao) languages.

Chingjaroi originally known Asinei /Asewnei or Swemi alternatively called Zingchui/Zingjui by the Tangkhul, Shomai by the Poumai and khotsami by the Chakhesangs is a large village located in northern Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India and bordered mainly by villages like Jessami, Tasom, Chingai, Marem, Peh, Phaibung and Laii (Gaziphema)originally. Later villages like Razai, Namrei and Kharasom came to settle in the land of chingjaroi and became its neighboring villages. The village consists of three sister villages, namely, Chingjaroi Khullen, Chingjaroi Khunou and Chingjaroi Christian Village. Chingjaroi Khullen the nearest from the National Highway 150 is approximately 84 kilometers from Ukhrul district headquarters.

Central Tibeto-Burman or Central Trans-Himalayan is a proposed branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family proposed by Scott DeLancey (2015) on the basis of shared morphological evidence.

FM Tragopan is a radio channel broadcast from All India Radio Kohima station. It was launched on 2 October 2017, and is available on 103 MHz frequency in Kohima. It also available on DD Free Dish.

The following is a list of articles relating to the Indian state of Nagaland, sorted in alphabetical order.

References

  1. ↑ "Naga Languages".
  2. ↑ "Northern Naga Languages". Archived from the original on 2019-08-12. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
  3. ↑
    • Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley, 189-209. Leiden: Brill
  4. ↑ "Glottolog 4.0 - Angami-Pochuri". glottolog.org.
  5. ↑ "Glottolog 4.0 - Central Naga". glottolog.org.
  6. ↑ "Glottolog 4.0 - Tangkhul-Maring". glottolog.org.
  7. ↑ "Glottolog 4.0 - Zemeic". glottolog.org.
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