Outline of geology Last updated February 19, 2026 Branches of geology Geology applies primarily to Earth, but can be applied to any planet or extraterrestrial body.
Geology of Earth Subdisciplines of geology:
Geologic provinces World geologic provinces Oceanic crust 0–20 Ma
20–65 Ma
>65 Ma
Geologic provinces Geologic province – Spatial entity with common geologic attributes
Geologic provinces based on origin:
Shield – Large stable area of exposed Precambrian crystalline rock Platform – Continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata Orogen – Zone affected by mountain formation Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Island arc – Arc-shaped volcanic archipelago Continental arc – Type of volcanic arc occurring along a continental margin Forearc – Region between an oceanic trench and associated volcanic arc Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea Cratonic basin – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere Foreland basin , also known as foredeep basin – Structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt Large igneous province – Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks Extended crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart Occupations in geology The Dictionary of Occupational Titles lists the following occupations in Geology, which it describes as "concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology , mining , construction , and environmental impact ": [ 1]
Crystallographer – Scientific study of crystal structures Geodesist – Notable geodesists Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Geologist – Scientist who studies geology Petroleum Geologist – Earth scientist who works in geological aspects of oil discovery and production Geophysical Prospector – Systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies Geophysicist – Physics of the Earth and its vicinity Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Hydrologist – Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Mineralogist – Scientific study of minerals and mineralised artifacts Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Paleontologist – Study of past life through fossils Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Petrologist – Study of rocks in geology Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Seismologist – Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planet Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Stratigrapher – Study of rock layers and their formation Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Volcanologist Engineer, Soils [ 2] Geophysical-Laboratory Chief (Alternate Titles: Director, Geophysical) [ 3] Geological Aide (Petrol. & Gas) [ 4] Prospector – Physical search for minerals Paleontological Helper – Study of past life through fossils Laboratory Assistant (Petrol. & Gas) (Alternate Titles: Analyst, Geochemical Prospecting; Core Analyst; Laboratory Tester) [ 5] External links A. Balasubramanian, First edition, July, 2017 Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs Video-interviews with famous geologists "Geology, Importance, Branches, Career in Geology, Indian Education System for a career in Geology Geology Buzz: Branches of Geology
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