Pryor Mountains

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Pryor Mountains
The Pryors Billings.JPG
Pryor Mountains
Highest point
PeakEast Pryor Mountain
Elevation 8,776 ft (2,675 m)
Coordinates 45°10′06″N108°20′07″W / 45.16833°N 108.33528°W / 45.16833; -108.33528 Coordinates: 45°10′06″N108°20′07″W / 45.16833°N 108.33528°W / 45.16833; -108.33528
Naming
Native nameBaahpuuo Isawaxaawuua  (Crow)
Geography
CountryUnited States
StateMontana

The Pryor Mountains [1] are a mountain range in Carbon and Big Horn counties of Montana, and Big Horn a county of Wyoming. They are located on the Crow Indian Reservation and the Custer National Forest, and portions of them are on private land. [2] They lie south of Billings, Montana, and north of Lovell, Wyoming. [2]

Contents

The mountains are named for Sergeant Nathaniel Hale Pryor, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition who vainly pursued horses stolen from the expedition in the area. [3] The Crow Nation, a Native American tribe which lived nearby, called the mountains Baahpuuo Isawaxaawuua ("Hitting Rock Mountains") because of the abundance of flint there (which was chipped into arrowheads). [4]

According to Crow Nation folklore, Little People (a race of 18-inch (46 cm) high dwarf-like people with spiritual powers) lived in these mountains. [5]

Geology

Pryor Mountain terrain Pryor Mountains - Montana.JPG
Pryor Mountain terrain

The Pryor Mountains are a 145,000-square-mile (380,000 km2) region of Montana and Wyoming. [6] The Pryor Mountains consists of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks [7] the most prominent unit is limestone (known as the Madison Group limestone) laid down about 300 million years ago. [8] [9] The limestone and older sediments rest on Archean metamorphic rock consisting of gneiss and schists. [7] The gneiss is exposed along the northeast escarpment of East Pryor Mountain. [7] During the Laramide orogeny in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene Period (about 70 to 60 million years ago), [10] the limestone was faulted and uplifted. The 705 to 740 feet (215 to 226 m) thick limestone blocks [9] were tilted and uplifted as large blocks with the northeastern corner of the blocks forming the Bighorn and the Pryor Mountains. [8] [11]

Caves, carved by groundwater, can be found in the limestone throughout the Pryors. [12] Among the better known are Big Ice Cave on the eastern edge of Pryor Mountain, and Mystery Cave (which contains some of the best speleothems of all the caves in the Pryors). [13] Among the more notable are False Cougar Cave on East Pryor Mountain (which was used by Native Americans at times in the past), Shield Trap Cave (which features a vertical shaft about 33 feet (10 m) deep), Little Ice Cave, and Bell Trap Cave (which is similar to Shield Trap). [14] Other popular features of the Pryors include Froggs Fault, a huge fissure in the earth, and a buffalo jump near Dry Head Lookout. [15] Just below Dry Head Lookout is a small pocket in the cliff face surrounded by a low man-made fence of rock. This is a place used by several Native American tribes for vision quests, and as of 1971 was perhaps the last undisturbed such place in the United States. [15]

The Pryors from Billings South Hills Pryors Billings.JPG
The Pryors from Billings South Hills

The tallest peak in the Pryor Mountains is East Pryor Mountain (elevation 8,822 feet (2,689 m)). [16]

The Bighorn River flows north from Wyoming and through the plateau between the Bighorn and Pryor mountains. The river flows between the two mountain ranges, and has cut the Bighorn Canyon deep into the limestone. [8]

Crooked Creek, one of the few perennial streams in the area, divides the Pryors in two and is one of the few places where Yellowstone cutthroat trout may be found. [17] The Pryors contain the most diverse bat habitat in Montana as well, with 10 species found there. [17]

Feral stallions fighting- Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range - Montana Feral stallions fighting- Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range - Montana.jpg
Feral stallions fighting- Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range - Montana

Wild horse refuge

The Pryor Mountains are also home to the Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range, a protected area that is home to a herd of free-roaming feral horses. [18] This herd was the subject of the 1995 documentary film Cloud: Wild Stallion of the Rockies and its sequel, the 2003 documentary film Cloud's Legacy: The Wild Stallion Returns. [19] [20]

See also

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Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range

The Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range is a refuge for a historically significant herd of free-roaming mustangs, the Pryor Mountain mustang, feral horses colloquially called "wild horses", located in the Pryor Mountains of Montana and Wyoming in the United States. The range has an area of 39,650 acres (160.5 km2) and was established in 1968 along the Montana–Wyoming border as the first protected refuge dedicated exclusively for mustangs. It was the second feral horse refuge in the United States. About a quarter of the refuge lies within the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. A group of federal agencies, led by the Bureau of Land Management, administers the range.

Pryor Mountain mustang American horse breed

The Pryor Mountain mustang is a substrain of mustang considered to be genetically unique and one of the few strains of horses verified by DNA analysis to be descended from the original Colonial Spanish horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. They live on the Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range located in the Pryor Mountains of Montana and Wyoming in the United States, and are the only mustang herd remaining in Montana, and one of sixteen in Wyoming. They are protected by the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 (WFRHBA) and managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), who has set the optimum herd number at 120 animals. Genetic studies have revealed that the herd exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity and a low degree of inbreeding, and BLM has acknowledged the genetic uniqueness of the herd. Pryor Mountain Mustangs are relatively small horses, exhibit a natural ambling gait, and domesticated Pryor Mountain mustangs are known for their strength, sure-footedness and stamina. The Pryor Mountains Wild Horse Range is one of the most accessible areas to view feral horse herds in the United States and tourism to the area has increased in recent years.

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Canadian fur trader François-Antoine Larocque’s expedition to Yellowstone River in 1805 is the first well-described journey from Upper Missouri River and westward to the Bighorn Mountains and the middle Yellowstone in present-day Montana.

References

  1. ↑ "Pryor Mountains". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey.
  2. 1 2 "Discovering Lewis and Clark-The Pryors". Washburn, North Dakota: The Lewis and Clark Fort Mandan Foundation. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
  3. ↑ Clawson and Shandera, p. 40-41.
  4. ↑ Massingham, p. 134.
  5. ↑ Saindon, p. 478-481; Frey, p. 68; Montgomery, p. 32.
  6. ↑ Cruise and Griffiths, p. 185.
  7. 1 2 3 Geologic Map
  8. 1 2 3 McRae and Jewell, p. 317.
  9. 1 2 Gordon and Krumm, p. 2.
  10. ↑ Hodges and Feldman, p. 203.
  11. ↑ Voight and Voight, p. 12.
  12. ↑ Aarstad, et al., p. 214.
  13. ↑ Rowles, p. 101.
  14. ↑ Committee on Ungulate Management, p. 173; Clawson and Shandera, p. 39.
  15. 1 2 Pospisil, Allan. "Where the Wild Mustangs Play." New York Times. May 2, 1971.
  16. ↑ Massingham, p. 7; Holt, p. 60.
  17. 1 2 French, Brett. "Wild Horse Range Pressured By Overgrazing." Billings Gazette. July 12, 2009. Accessed 2011-06-07.
  18. ↑ "Wild Horses." Billings Field Office. Bureau of Land Management. United States Department of the Interior. May 2, 2011. Archived May 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2011-05-18.
  19. ↑ Hill, p. 361.
  20. ↑ "Cloud: Wild Stallion of the Rockies ~ About | Nature | PBS". 30 June 2008.

Bibliography

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