Regiment Groot Karoo

Last updated

Middellandse Regiment in 1934
renamed Regiment Gideon Scheepers 1954
renamed Regiment Groot Karoo 1960
SADF Regiment Groot Karoo emblem.png
Regiment Groot Karoo emblem
Active1934 to 1999 – disbanded
Disbanded1999
CountryFlag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Allegiance
Branch
TypeMechanised Infantry
Size Battalion
Part of
Garrison/HQ Graaf Reinet, Cradock, Eastern Cape
Motto(s)Dulce Est Pro patria Mori
(It is sweet to die for your country)
Battle honours
Battle Honours
Awarded
Western Desert 1941-43 Embroidered.png
Bardia Embroidered.png
Gazala Embroidered.png
Alamein Defence Embroidered.png
El Alamein Embroidered.png
Commanders
First Commanding OfficerLt Col H.T.v.G. Bekker
OC 1939Lt Col W.L. Kingwall
OC 1945Lt Col Borchers
OC 1954Commandant F.A. Stetzhorn

Regiment Groot Karoo was an infantry battalion of the South African Army. As a reserve force unit, it had a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Contents

History

Origin

Regiment Groot Karoo was established in 1934 as one of the new Afrikaans language Citizen Force units of the Union Defence Force. [1] Regiment Groot Karoo has changed its name over its operational lifespan, it was initially referred to as the Middellandse Regiment, then Regiment Gideon Scheepers and finally the regiment Groot Karoo.

The Middellandse Regiment was established as an infantry battalion with Lieutenant Colonel H.T.v.G. Bekker as its first commanding officer.

The regiment was garrisoned in Craddock, but had sections at Graaf Reinet, Steynsburg, Burgersdorp, Middelburg, Umtata and Aliwal North.

The regiment's first formal training was conducted in East London in 1935 and mainly dealt with the use of the Vickers machinegun. By 1939 however, the regiment's headquarters was moved to Graaff Reinet, where a new commander, Lt. Col. W.L. Kingwill was appointed.

World War II

With South Africa's entry in World War II, the Middellandse Regiment got the opportunity to prove itself. Mobilisation orders was received on 5 September 1940. The regiment was assigned to the 9th Infantry Brigade and finally to the 2nd South African Division.

North Africa

The regiment left for Egypt on board the Mauritania on 10 June, arriving in Suez on 22 June and then transported to Mareopolis. [2]

By the middle of August 1941, the regiment was transported to El Alamein. After 5 October 1941, 2nd South African Division was placed under command of the 8th Army and moved to Bagush. The regiment was now responsible for anti-aircraft and area defence at the Fuka airfield as well as protecting the railway line and coast between Bagush and Mersa Matruh.

The regiment was involved in the attack on Bardia between 29 December 1941 and 2 January 1942. A Company of the regiment was involved in the attack on Sollurn. After the fall of Sollurn, the regiment moved on to Barrani but had to return to Sollurn to strengthen positions there.
B Company was moved to Tobruk in March 1942 under command of 3rd Brigade.

With the eventual fall of Tobruk, 444 members of the regiment were taken prisoner. Due to the fact that the majority of the regiment were now prisoners of war, the regiment was officially disbanded on 6 September 1942, while the remaining members were transferred to Regiment 'President Steyn'. These elements were moved to Quassasin and again reassigned into 1 Rand Light Infantry as the DMR(Die Middellandse Regiment) Company, a reference to their previous regiment. By January 1943, these elements were returned to South Africa.

Reformed

By 1 May 1945 the Middellande Regiment was reformed at Cradock with Lt. Col. Borchers as its new commanding officer. By 1947, the regiment was again returned to Graaff-Reinet.

Armour

By 1953 the regiment was changed from an armoured vehicle reconnaissance unit to an armoured regiment. During this time the regiment was also notified that its name was being changed to that of 'Regiment Gideon Scheepers'. The rational was that the previous name had no real purpose except to distinguish it from other units and just indicated a locality where the regiment originated from. The new name also brought a change in the unit's insignia, but the merino rams head was retained with it now facing head-on. The laurel wreath was removed and the letters 'RGS' was added. This became effective from 1 January 1954. A new commanding offer, Commandant F.A. Stetzhorn was also appointed.

During 1959 at a commander's conference at the Eastern Province Command, it was again proposed to change the name of the regiment back to its original name. That proposal was rejected but the regiment was still renamed to that of Regiment Groot Karoo. This took effect on 1 January 1960. The Regimental emblem remained except the letters on the bottom changed to RGK.

In 1960, the regiment was ordered to mobilise because of an internal state of emergency in the country. At the same time the regiment was converted to an armoured-infantry unit.

The Border War

The regiment participated in the South African Border War, as part of 82 Mechanised Brigade.

The conflict that took place from 1966 to 1989 in South West Africa (now Namibia) and Angola between South Africa and its allied forces (mainly UNITA) and the Angolan government, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), and their allies, the Soviet Union and Cuba. [3]

Affiliated Division

Freedom of Entry

With the 200 year celebrations of Graaf-Reinet, the regiment received freedom of entry. It already had freedom but this time it was granted as a mechanised unit.

Rationalisation and closure

The regiment was transferred to the newly established 9 Division. By 1999, however the regiment was disbanded.

Insignia

Dress Insignia

SADF era Regiment Groot Karoo insignia SADF era Regiment Groot Karoo insignia ver 2.png
SADF era Regiment Groot Karoo insignia

Battle honours

Battle Honours
Awarded to Die Middellandse Regiment/Regiment Groot Karoo
Western Desert 1941-43 Embroidered.png
Bardia Embroidered.png
Gazala Embroidered.png
Alamein Defence Embroidered.png
El Alamein Embroidered.png

Leadership

Leadership
FromHonorary Colonel - Die Middellandse RegimentTo
11 April 1947Lt. Col W.L. Kingwill MC nd
FromOfficers Commanding - Die Middellandse RegimentTo
1 April 1934Lt Col H.T.v.G. Bekker1936
1936Lt. Col L.J. De Jongh1937
1937Lt. Col W.L. Kingwill MC 1942
February 1942Major L.E. Lanham MC 6 September 1942
1 May 1946Lt Col Borchers MM 1947
1947Lt. Col W.G. Kingwill1954
FromOfficers Commanding - Regiment Gideon ScheepersTo
August 1954Cmdt F.A. Stetzhorn31 December 1959
FromOfficers Commanding - Regiment Groot KarooTo
1 January 1960Cmdt F.A. Stetzhorn8 May 1963
9 May 1963Cmdt C.A. Greeff9 May 1973
3 August 1973Cmdt L.P. Pretoriusnd
c.1992Cmdt Dougie Sternnd
c.1992Cmdt A. P. C. Aucampnd
FromRegimental Sergeants Major - Die Middellandse Regiment
Regiment Groot Karoo
To
c.1986WO1 Jan Heynekec.1987
c.1992WO1 J. A. N. Cloetec.1992

Insignia

The regimental badge depicts a Merino sheep's head, in reference to the large scale sheep farming of the area in which it was located. Memorabilia of this regiment can be viewed at the Graaff-Reinet Military History Museum. [4]

Related Research Articles

The 1st South African Infantry Division was an infantry division of the army of the Union of South Africa. During World War II the division served in East Africa from 1940 to 1941 and in the Western Desert Campaign from 1941 to 1942. The division was disbanded on 1 January 1943, for conversion into what would become the 6th South African Armoured Division. The division was also briefly active after the war from 1 July 1948 to 1 November 1949.

The South African 2nd Infantry Division was an infantry division of the army of the Union of South Africa during World War II. The division was formed on 23 October 1940 and served in the Western Desert Campaign and was captured by German and Italian forces at Tobruk on 21 June 1942. The remaining brigade was re-allocated to the South African 1st Infantry Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Crusader</span> Allied attack against Axis, North Africa, WWII, 1941

Operation Crusader was a military operation of the Western Desert Campaign during the Second World War by the British Eighth Army against the Axis forces in North Africa commanded by Generalleutnant (Lieutenant-General) Erwin Rommel. The operation was intended to bypass Axis defences on the Egyptian–Libyan frontier, defeat the Axis armoured forces near Tobruk, raise the Siege of Tobruk and re-occupy Cyrenaica.

The 1st Army Tank Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the Second World War. A Tank Brigade was intended to support the Infantry and was mostly equipped with slow moving Infantry tanks, unlike an Armoured Brigade, which was equipped with faster cruiser tanks and later its own motorised infantry. Initially using infantry nomenclature for its smaller units, company and section and having 175 light and infantry tanks, it later adopted cavalry nomenclature of squadron and troop and later in the War grew to 240 tanks. Its designation was changed on 14 April 1940 to 1st Tank Brigade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Tobruk</span> Military confrontation in North Africa during the Second World War

The Siege of Tobruk took place between April 10 and November 27, 1941, when elements of the Allied Army were trapped and besieged in the North African port of Tobruk by German and Italian forces. The defenders quickly became known as the Rats of Tobruk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Gazala</span> 1942 battle during the Western Desert Campaign of World War II

The Battle of Gazala was fought during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, west of the port of Tobruk in Libya, from 26 May to 21 June 1942. Axis troops of the Panzerarmee Afrika consisting of German and Italian units fought the British Eighth Army composed mainly of British Commonwealth, Indian and Free French troops.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solomon Mahlangu Regiment</span> Military unit

The Solomon Mahlangu Regiment is a reserve infantry regiment of the South African Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durban Light Infantry</span> Military unit

The Durban Light Infantry is a Motorised Infantry regiment of the South African Army. It lost its status as a Mechanised infantry regiment in 2010 in line with the rationalisation of resources. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Mlangeni Regiment</span> South African Army reserve unit

Andrew Mlangeni Regiment is a reserve infantry regiment of the South African Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rand Light Infantry</span> Military unit

The Rand Light Infantry (RLI) is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve unit or United States Army National Guard unit.

The 7th Royal Tank Regiment was an armoured regiment of the British Army from 1917 until disbandment in 1959.

Major General Sir Michael O'Moore Creagh, was a British Army officer who served in both the world wars. He commanded the 7th Armoured Division, the Desert Rats, between 1939 and 1941.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">27th Infantry Division "Brescia"</span> Infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II

The 27th Infantry Division "Brescia" was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Brescia was named after the city of Brescia in Lombardy. The Brescia was classified as an auto-transportable division, meaning it had some motorized transport, but not enough to move the entire division at once.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">102nd Motorized Division "Trento"</span> Motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II

The 102nd Motorized Division "Trento" was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division was formed in 1935 and named for the city of Trento, where its infantry and artillery regiments were based. The Trento served in the Western Desert Campaign and was destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein in November 1942.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General de la Rey Regiment</span> Military unit

The General de la Rey Regiment is an reserve infantry regiment of the South African Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">8 South African Armoured Division</span> Military unit

8 South African Armoured Division was a formation of the South African Army, active from the 1970s to 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">9 South African Infantry Division</span> Military unit

9 South African Infantry Division was a formation of the South African Army, active in the early 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">82 Mechanised Brigade (South Africa)</span> Military unit

82 Mechanised Brigade was a Formation of 8th South African Armoured Division, a combined arms force consisting of infantry, armour and artillery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British capture of Tobruk</span> Battle fought in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War

The British capture of Tobruk was a battle fought between 21 and 22 January 1941, as part of Operation Compass, the first offensive of the Western Desert Force (WDF) in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. After defeating the Italians in the Battle of Bardia, the 6th Australian Division and the 7th Armoured Division pressed on and made contact with the Italian garrison in Tobruk on 6 January.

References

  1. Potgieter, DJ (1971). Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Nasou Limited. p. 657. ISBN   978-0-625-00324-2.
  2. Visser, G.E., Die Geskiedenis van die Middelandse Regiment, 1934-1943. MA Thesis University of South Africa (1983)
  3. Fourie, Piet (12 June 2017). "† Lest We Forget – 12 June †". Archived from the original on 31 March 2022.
  4. Burger, Mariëtte, ed. (3 July 2018). "Local military museum reopens". Graaf Reinet Advertiser.