Robert Mercer

Last updated
Robert Mercer
Born
Robert Leroy Mercer

(1946-07-11) July 11, 1946 (age 77)
San Jose, California
Education University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (BS)
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (MS, PhD)
SpouseDiana Dean [1]
Children Rebekah, Jennifer, and Heather Sue

Robert Leroy Mercer (born July 11, 1946) [2] is an American hedge fund manager, computer scientist, and political donor. Mercer was an early artificial intelligence researcher and developer and is the former co-CEO of the hedge fund company Renaissance Technologies. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

Mercer played a key role in the campaign for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union by donating data analytics services to Nigel Farage. [5] He has also been a major funder of organizations supporting right-wing political causes in the United States, such as Breitbart News , [6] the now-defunct Cambridge Analytica, [7] and Donald Trump's 2016 campaign for president. [8] He is the principal benefactor of the Make America Number 1 super PAC. [9]

In November 2017, Mercer announced he would step down from Renaissance Technologies and sell his stake in Breitbart News to his daughters. [10] He was the majority owner of SCL Group, a self-described "global elections management agency", [11] before it was dissolved in 2018. [3] In 2021, Mercer was involved in possibly the largest tax settlement in U.S. history, as he, James Simons, and other executives at the hedge fund Renaissance Technologies were ordered to pay as much as $7 billion to the IRS in back taxes. [12]

Early life and education

Mercer grew up in New Mexico. He developed an early interest in computers and in 1964 attended a National Youth Science Camp in West Virginia where he learned to program a donated IBM computer. [13] He went on to get a bachelor's degree in physics and mathematics from the University of New Mexico. [2] While working on his degree he had a job at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base writing programs where, though he felt he produced good work, he felt it was not optimized. He later said the experience left him with a "jaundiced view" of government-funded research. [13] He earned a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972. [2]

Career

Mercer joined IBM Research in the fall of 1972 and worked at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, New York, where he helped develop Brown clustering, a statistical machine translation technique, as part of a speech recognition and translation research program led by Frederick Jelinek and Lalit Bahl. [14] [15] In June 2014, Mercer received the Association for Computational Linguistics Lifetime Achievement Award for this work. [16]

In 1993, Mercer joined hedge fund Renaissance Technologies after being recruited by executive Nick Patterson. [15] [17] The founder of Renaissance, James Harris Simons, a mathematician, preferred to hire mathematicians, computer scientists, and physicists rather than business school students or financial analysts. [14] [18] [19] Mercer and a former colleague from IBM, Peter Brown, became co-CEOs of Renaissance when Simons retired in 2009. [15] Renaissance's main fund, Medallion, earned 39% per year on average from 1989 to 2006. [6] A bipartisan Senate panel estimated in 2014 that Medallion investors underpaid their taxes by some $6.8 billion over more than a decade by masking short-term gains as long-term returns. [20] [21] As of 2014, Renaissance managed $25 billion in assets. [2] In November 2017, Mercer announced that he would be stepping down from his position at Renaissance Technologies. The decision was taken after the hedge fund faced a backlash over Mercer's political activism. [22]

Mercer appears in the Paradise Papers as a director of eight Bermuda companies, some of which appear to have been used to legally avoid US taxes. [23]

Political activities and views

In 2015, The Washington Post called Mercer one of the ten most influential billionaires in politics. [24] Since 2006, Mercer has donated about $34.9 million to Republican political campaigns in the US. [25]

Mercer has given $750,000 to the Club for Growth, $2 million to American Crossroads, [26] and $2.5 million to Freedom Partners Action Fund. [27] In 2010, he financially supported fringe biochemist [28] Art Robinson's unsuccessful efforts to unseat Peter DeFazio in Oregon's 4th congressional district. [29] In the 2013-2014 election cycle, Mercer donated the fourth largest amount of money among individual donors and the second most among Republican donors. [2]

Mercer joined the Koch brothers’ conservative political donor network after the 2010 Citizens United v. FEC , but Mercer and his daughter, Rebekah Mercer, decided to establish their own political foundation. [30] The Mercer Family Foundation, run by Rebekah, has donated to a variety of conservative causes. [2]

Mercer has donated to The Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, the Media Research Center, Reclaim New York, GAI, and Citizens for Self-Governance. [13] [31] [32] In 2013, Mercer was shown data by former Jimmy Carter pollster Patrick Caddell, who has been critical of top Democrats, and commissioned more research from Caddell that showed "voters were becoming alienated from both political parties and mainstream candidates". [13]

Mercer was the main financial backer of the Jackson Hole Summit, a "shadow" conference (not to be confused with a similarly named Federal Reserve conference) that took place in Wyoming in August 2015 to advocate for the gold standard. [6] He has also supported Doctors for Disaster Preparedness, Fred Kelly Grant (an Idaho activist who encourages legal challenges to environmental laws), a campaign for the death penalty in Nebraska, and funded ads in New York critical of the so-called "ground-zero mosque". [6] According to associates interviewed by Bloomberg, Mercer is concerned with the monetary and banking systems of the United States, which he believes are in danger from government meddling. [6] Mercer is a major source of funds of Breitbart News . [33] He gave at least $10 million to the media outlet, according to Newsweek . [34]

In 2015 Mercer also gave $400,000 to Black Americans for a Better Future, a conservative think tank led by Raynard Jackson. [35] Since 2017 Mercer has donated $87,100 to the same Super PAC. [36]

Brexit

Mercer was an activist in the campaign for the United Kingdom to end its membership of the European Union, also known as Brexit. Andy Wigmore, communications director of Leave.EU, said that Mercer donated the services of data analytics firm Cambridge Analytica to Nigel Farage, the head of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). The firm was able to advise Leave.EU through its ability to harvest data from people's Facebook profiles in order to target them with individualized persuasive messages to vote for Brexit. It has been reported that Cambridge Analytica also has undisclosed links to Canadian digital firm AggregateIQ, which also played a pivotal role in Dominic Cummings' Vote Leave campaign, where he delivered an estimated one billion individually curated targeted adverts to voters in the lead up to the Brexit referendum, in contravention of established voting rules. Neither Vote Leave nor Leave.EU informed the UK electoral commission of the donation despite the fact that a law demands that all donations valued over £7,500 must be reported. In 2018, the Electoral Commission found the Vote Leave campaign guilty of breaking electoral law. [37]

2016 U.S. election

Mercer was one of the biggest donors in the 2016 U.S. elections, donating $22.5 million to Republican candidates and PACs. [17] Mercer was a major financial supporter of the 2016 presidential campaign of Ted Cruz, [38] contributing $11 million to a super PAC associated with the candidate. [39] Mercer was a major supporter of Donald Trump's 2016 campaign for president. [8] Mercer and his daughter Rebekah helped to obtain senior roles in the Trump campaign for Steve Bannon and Kellyanne Conway. [31] Rebekah worked with Conway on the Cruz Super-PAC Keep the Promise in the 2016 Republican primaries. [13] Mercer also financed a Super PAC, Make America Number One, which supported Trump's campaign. [31] Nick Patterson, a former colleague of Mercer's said in 2017 that Trump would not have been elected without Mercer's support. [17]

Race relations

Mercer has said that the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the landmark federal statute arising from the civil rights movement of the 1960s, was a major mistake. In 2017, David Magerman, a former Renaissance employee, alleged in a lawsuit that Mercer had said that African Americans were economically better off before the civil rights movement, that white racists no longer existed in the United States, and that the only racists remaining were black racists. [17]

Mercer was portrayed by actor Aden Gillett in the 2019 HBO and Channel 4 produced drama entitled Brexit: The Uncivil War . [40] [41]

Personal life

Mercer and his wife Diana Lynne Dean have three daughters: [30] Jennifer ("Jenji"), Rebekah ("Bekah"), and Heather Sue. Rebekah runs the Mercer Family Foundation. The three Mercer daughters formerly owned a bakery called Ruby et Violette. [42]

Mercer plays competitive poker and owns an HO scale model railroad. [6] In 2009, Mercer filed suit against RailDreams Custom Model Railroad Design, alleging that RailDreams overcharged him by $2 million. [43]

Mercer lives at "Owl's Nest" mansion in Head of the Harbor, New York. [44] He has commissioned a series of yachts, all named Sea Owl. [45] The most recent one is 203 feet (62 metres) in length, and has a pirate-themed playroom for Mercer's grandchildren and a chandelier of Venetian glass.

In Florida, Mercer built a large stable and horse riding center. He has acquired one of the country's largest collections of machine guns and historical firearms, including a weapon Arnold Schwarzenegger wielded in The Terminator . [6]

In 2013, Mercer was sued by several members of his household staff, who accused him of docking their wages and failing to pay overtime compensation. [44] The lawsuit was settled, according to a lawyer who represented the staff members. [38]

Mercer's net worth is estimated to be hundreds of millions of dollars, and he is often referred to as a billionaire. [46] [47]

Related Research Articles

Renaissance Technologies LLC, also known as RenTech or RenTec, is an American hedge fund based in East Setauket, New York, on Long Island, which specializes in systematic trading using quantitative models derived from mathematical and statistical analysis. Their signature Medallion fund is famed for the best record in investing history. Renaissance was founded in 1982 by James Simons, a mathematician who formerly worked as a code breaker during the Cold War.

Julian Hart Robertson Jr. was an American hedge fund manager, and philanthropist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jim Simons (mathematician)</span> American mathematician and billionaire

James Harris Simons is an American hedge fund manager, investor, mathematician, and philanthropist. He is the founder of Renaissance Technologies, a quantitative hedge fund based in East Setauket, New York. He and his fund are known to be quantitative investors, using mathematical models and algorithms to make investment gains from market inefficiencies. Due to the long-term aggregate investment returns of Renaissance and its Medallion Fund, Simons is described as the "greatest investor on Wall Street", and more specifically "the most successful hedge fund manager of all time".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenneth C. Griffin</span> American billionaire hedge fund manager (born 1968)

Kenneth Cordele Griffin is an American hedge fund manager, entrepreneur and investor. He is the founder, chief executive officer, co-chief investment officer, and 80% owner of Citadel LLC, a multinational hedge fund. He also owns Citadel Securities, one of the largest market makers in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Singer (businessman)</span> American businessman (born 1944)

Paul Elliott Singer is an American hedge fund manager, activist investor, and the founder, president, and co-CEO of Elliott Management. As of March 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$6.1 billion. Fortune described Singer as one of the "smartest and toughest money managers" in the hedge fund industry. A number of sources have branded him a vulture capitalist, largely on account of his role at Elliott Management, which is a vulture fund. The Independent has described him as "a pioneer in the business of buying up sovereign bonds on the cheap, and then going after countries for unpaid debts".

Diane Marie Hendricks is an American billionaire, businesswoman, and film producer from Wisconsin. She is the widow of the late businessman Ken Hendricks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Bannon</span> American media executive and political strategist (born 1953)

Stephen Kevin Bannon is an American media executive, political strategist, and former investment banker. He served as the White House's chief strategist for the first seven months of U.S. president Donald Trump's administration. He is a former executive chairman of Breitbart News and previously served on the board of the now-defunct data-analytics firm Cambridge Analytica.

Richard Ellis Uihlein and Elizabeth Uihlein are American billionaire businesspeople, founders of Uline and conservative donors. Richard is also an heir to the Schlitz brewing fortune.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government Accountability Institute</span> Conservative conspiracy theory think tank

The Government Accountability Institute (GAI) is a conservative think tank located in Tallahassee, Florida. GAI was founded in 2012 by Peter Schweizer and Steve Bannon with funding from Robert Mercer and family. Schweizer serves as the group's president.

The Mercer Family Foundation is a private grant-making foundation in the United States. As of 2013, it had $37 million in assets. The foundation is run by Rebekah Mercer, the daughter of computer scientist and hedge fund manager Robert Mercer.

SCL Group was a private British behavioural research and strategic communication company that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal involving its subsidiaries Cambridge Analytica and Crow Business Solutions MENA. It was founded in 1990 by Nigel Oakes, who served as its CEO. The company described itself as a "global election management agency". The company's leaders and owners had close ties to the Conservative Party, the British royal family, British military, United States Department of Defense and NATO and its investors included some of the largest donors to the Conservative Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambridge Analytica</span> 2013–2018 British political consulting firm

Cambridge Analytica Ltd. (CA), previously known as SCL USA, was a British political consulting firm that came to prominence through the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. It was started in 2013, as a subsidiary of the private intelligence company and self-described "global election management agency" SCL Group by long-time SCL executives Nigel Oakes, Alexander Nix and Alexander Oakes, with Nix as CEO. The well-connected founders had contact with, among others, the British Conservative Party, royal family, and military. The firm maintained offices in London, New York City, and Washington, D.C. The company closed operations in 2018 in the course of the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, although firms related to both Cambridge Analytica and its parent firm SCL still exist.

Rebekah Mercer is an American heiress and Republican political donor, and director of the Mercer Family Foundation.

Make America Number 1 is a right-wing super PAC that supported the presidential campaigns of Ted Cruz and Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election. During the primary campaign, the super PAC was known as Keep the Promise I. In the general election, it informally termed itself Defeat Crooked Hillary PAC, but was not allowed to officially use this term and chose the name Make America Number 1. The PAC is run by Rebekah Mercer, the second daughter of its largest donor Robert Mercer.

David Mitchell Magerman is an American computer scientist and philanthropist. He spent 22 years working for an investment management company and hedge fund, Renaissance Technologies.

Russian interference in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum is a debated subject and remains unproven, though multiple sources argue evidence exists demonstrating that the Russian government attempted to influence British public opinion in favour of leaving the European Union. Investigations into this subject have been undertaken by the UK Electoral Commission, the UK Parliament's Culture Select Committee and Intelligence and Security Committee, and the United States Senate. "The Russia Report" published by the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament in July 2020 did not specifically address the Brexit campaign, but it concluded that Russian interference in UK politics is commonplace. It also found substantial evidence that there had been interference in the 2014 Scottish independence referendum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Nix</span> British businessman

Alexander James Ashburner Nix is a British businessman, the former CEO of Cambridge Analytica and a former director of the Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL) Group, a behavioural research and strategic communications consultancy, leading its elections division. Cambridge Analytica and its parent SCL were involved in psychological warfare operations for the British military and involved in influencing hundreds of elections globally; Cambridge Analytica helped Leave.EU with its Brexit campaign, according to both Leave.EU and Cambridge Analytica staff. The company was also engaged by the Ted Cruz and Donald Trump campaigns during the 2016 US presidential election. The company also ran Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta's campaign.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citizens of the American Republic</span>

Citizens of the American Republic (COAR) was an American 501(c)(4) non-profit organization founded by Steve Bannon in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reclaim New York</span>

Reclaim New York is a government watchdog group in New York State. It was founded in 2013 by hedge fund manager and computer scientist Robert Mercer, his daughter Rebekah Mercer, and Breitbart co-founder Steve Bannon, to track what they saw as excessive public spending. They were soon joined by conservative lawyer and legal activist Leonard Leo, and Bush-administration veteran Tom Basile. Reclaim New York describes itself as a non-partisan good government group. Most leadership roles have been filled by individuals with connections to the Republican party or other conservative groups. It has been accused by state Democrats and liberal groups of being a vehicle for the Mercers to achieve their political goals. As per its tax filings, Mercer provides nearly all of Reclaim New York's funding. It shared office space in New York City with data-mining firm Cambridge Analytica, which also received investments from the Mercer family. Reclaim New York, a 501(c)(3), launched a lobbying arm in 2016, the 501(c)(4) Reclaim New York Initiative. Reclaim New York downsized its operations in 2019, which was attributed by its opponents to its lack of success in influencing state politics.

America First Policies is an organization created following the inauguration of Donald Trump in 2017 to promote the America First policy agenda of his administration. It was founded by Trump campaign people including Nick Ayers, Rick Gates, and Brad Parscale.

References

  1. ↑ "Brides-To-Be". Albuquerque Journal . Albuquerque, New Mexico. May 25, 1967. p. 13.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Delevigne, Lawrence (8 November 2014). "Have Mercer! The money man who helped the GOP win". CNBC . Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  3. 1 2 Cadwalladr, Carole (17 May 2017). "The great British Brexit robbery: How our democracy was hijacked". The Guardian.
  4. ↑ Boag, Keith. Mayer, Andre (ed.). "Reclusive U.S. billionaire Robert Mercer helped Trump win the presidency — but what does he really want?". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  5. ↑ Cadwalladr, Carole (May 7, 2017). "The great British Brexit robbery: how our democracy was hijacked". The Guardian . The article has a disclaimer stating: "This article is the subject of legal complaints on behalf of Cambridge Analytica LLC and SCL Elections Limited."
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mider, Zachary (20 January 2016). "What Kind of Man Spends Millions to Elect Ted Cruz?". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  7. ↑ Wylie, Christopher (2019-10-04). "How I Helped Hack Democracy". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  8. 1 2 Swan, Jonathan (17 August 2016). "Billionaire father and daughter linked to Trump shake-up". The Hill. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "Keep the Promise I/Make America Number 1 Contributors, 2016 cycle". OpenSecrets. 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  10. ↑ "Billionaire Investor Robert Mercer To Step Down From Firm, Selling Stake In Breitbart". NPR. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
  11. ↑ "SCL Group home page". 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-05-04. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
  12. ↑ Rubin, Gregory Zuckerman and Richard (2021-09-02). "James Simons, Robert Mercer, Others at Renaissance to Pay Up to $7 Billion to Settle Tax Probe". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Zuckerman, Gregory, Keach Hagey, Scott Patterson and Rebecca Ballhaus, "Meet the Mercers: A Quiet Tycoon and His Daughter Become Power Brokers in Trump’s Washington" (subscription), The Wall Street Journal, January 8, 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
  14. 1 2 Bob Mercer; Peter Brown (18 October 2013). "Twenty Years of Bitext" (transcript). cs.jhu.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 Patterson, Scott. "Pioneering Fund Stages Second Act" . Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  16. ↑ "Robert L. Mercer receives the 2014 ACL Lifetime Achievement Award". aclweb.org. ACL . Retrieved March 27, 2018. video
  17. 1 2 3 4 Mayer, Jane (19 March 2017). "The Reclusive Hedge-Fund Tycoon Behind the Trump Presidency". The New Yorker.
  18. ↑ "The 40 Highest-Earning Hedge Fund Managers". Forbes. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  19. ↑ Mallaby, Sebastian (2011). More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite. Penguin Press. ISBN   978-0143119418.
  20. ↑ "Renaissance Explores Settlement as IRS Seeks Billions in Taxes". Bloomberg.
  21. ↑ Bondarenko, Veronika (2017-04-05). "The Trump administration may have to decide whether to press one of his biggest backers on a contested $6.8 billion tax bill". Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
  22. ↑ Goldstein, Matthew; Kelly, Kate; Confessore, Nicholas (2017-11-02). "Robert Mercer, Bannon Patron, Is Leaving Helm of $50 Billion Hedge Fund". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2017-11-03.
  23. ↑ Swaine, Jon (7 November 2017). "Offshore cash helped fund Steve Bannon's attacks on Hillary Clinton". The Guardian.
  24. ↑ Phillips, Amber (21 September 2015). "The 10 most influential billionaires in politics". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  25. ↑ Bowers, John (7 June 2016). "A hedge fund house divided: Renaissance Technologies". OpenSecrets.
  26. ↑ Yang, Jia Lynn (October 11, 2013). "Here's who pays the bills for Ted Cruz's crusade". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  27. ↑ Vogel, Kenneth (October 14, 2014). "Koch donors uncloaked". Politico. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  28. ↑ "The Grandfather Of Alt-Science". FiveThirtyEight .
  29. ↑ Mapes, Jeff (October 16, 2010). "Wealthy financier is mysterious funder of ads attacking DeFazio". The Oregonian . Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  30. 1 2 Vogel, Kenneth; Schrekinger, Ben (7 September 2016). "The most powerful woman in GOP politics". Politico. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  31. 1 2 3 Confessore, Nicholas (18 August 2016). "How One Family's Deep Pockets Helped Reshape Donald Trump's Campaign". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  32. ↑ Stanley-Becker, Isaac; Romm, Tony (April 22, 2020). "The anti-quarantine protests seem spontaneous. But behind the scenes, a powerful network is helping". The Washington Post.
  33. ↑ "How Business Titans, Pop Stars and Royals Hide Their Wealth". The New York Times. 7 Nov 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  34. ↑ Kutner, Max (November 21, 2016). "Meet Robert Mercer, the mysterious billionaire benefactor of Breitbart". Newsweek . Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  35. ↑ Schwarz, Jon (28 January 2016). ""Black Americans for a Better Future" Super PAC 100% Funded by Rich White Guys". The Intercept. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  36. ↑ "Federal Election Commission Mercer's Donations to Black Americans For A Better Future".
  37. ↑ "Hedge-fund billionaire and Donald Trump backer 'played key role in Brexit campaign'". The Independent. 2017-02-26. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
  38. 1 2 Lichtblau, Eric; Stevenson, Alexandra (April 10, 2015). "Hedge-Fund Magnate Robert Mercer Emerges as a Generous Backer of Cruz". The New York Times . Retrieved April 15, 2015.
  39. ↑ Lichtblau, Eric (July 31, 2015). "'Super PACs' Spent Millions Before Candidates Announced, Filings Show". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  40. ↑ Bennett, Asa (28 December 2018). "Brexit: The Uncivil War review: Benedict Cumberbatch is superb in this thrilling romp through the referendum". The Daily Telegraph . ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  41. ↑ Matthew Elliott (4 January 2019). "Vote Leave's Matthew Elliott on Channel 4's Brexit: The Uncivil War". Financial Times . Screenwriter James Graham has turned the campaign into a compelling story — and nailed my mannerisms
  42. ↑ Dickerman, Sara (May 28, 2017). "Trump Megadonor Rebekah Mercer Makes Terrible Cookies". Politico.
  43. ↑ Marzulli, John (March 31, 2009). "Hedge fund hotshot Robert Mercer files lawsuit over $2M model train, accusing builder of overcharge". Daily News . New York. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  44. 1 2 Smythe, Christie (July 17, 2013). "Renaissance Co-CEO Mercer Sued by Home Staff for Over Pay" . Bloomberg . Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  45. ↑ Matea Gold (March 17, 2017). "The Mercers and Stephen Bannon: How a populist power base was funded and built. The wealthy GOP donors and Trump's chief strategist collaborated on at least five ventures". The Washington Post . Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  46. ↑ Roux, Pamela (April 25, 2017). "Is Trump Backer Robert Mercer a Billionaire? I Tried to Find Out". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  47. ↑ "Robert Mercer leaves hedge fund, sells stake in Breitbart". Fox News. November 2, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
Awards
Preceded by ACL Lifetime Achievement Award
2014		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.