The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands. The VVD,whose forerunner was the Freedom Party,is a party of the centre-right,which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.
The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. It was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party,the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union;it has participated in all but three cabinets since it became a unitary party.
Maria Cornelia Frederika "Rita" Verdonk is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and later founder of the Proud of the Netherlands (Trots) party and businesswoman.
Mark Rutte is a Dutch politician who has served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010 and Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) since 2006.
Fredrik "Fred" Teeven is a retired Dutch politician,bus driver and jurist. A member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),he served as State Secretary at the Ministry of Security and Justice from 2010 to 2015.
Edith Ingeborg Schippers is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and businesswoman serving as President of the DSM Company since 1 February 2019.
Stephanus Abraham "Stef" Blok is a Dutch politician serving as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet from 25 May 2021 till 10 January 2022. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
Halbe Zijlstra is a retired Dutch politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 26 October 2017 to 13 February 2018 in the Third Rutte cabinet. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
Melanie Henriëtte Schultz van Haegen-Maas Geesteranus is a retired Dutch politician and businesswoman. A member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),she served as Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment from 2010 to 2017.
Frans Hubertus Henricus Weekers is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and lawyer.
Klaas Henricus Dominicus Maria Dijkhoff is a Dutch legal scholar and politician who led the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the House of Representatives from 2017 to 2021. He previously was Minister of Defence (2017) and State Secretary for Security and Justice (2015–2017).
Gerard Adriaan "Ard" van der Steur is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and lawyer.
Wouter Koolmees is a Dutch economist and politician and of the Democrats 66 (D66) party who has been serving as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Third Rutte cabinet since 2017. He also served as second Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 2019 to 2020 during Kajsa Ollongren's medical leave of absence.
Bruno Johannes Bruins is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who served as Minister for Medical Care in the Third Rutte cabinet from 26 October 2017 to 19 March 2020,when he resigned. He previously served as State Secretary for Education,Culture and Science from 29 June 2006 until 22 February 2007 in the Second and Third Balkenende cabinets.
Ingrid Katharina van Engelshoven is a Dutch politician who served as Minister of Education,Culture and Science in the Third Rutte cabinet from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022.
The second Rutte cabinet,also called the Rutte–Asscher cabinet,was the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands from 5 November 2012 until 26 October 2017. The cabinet was formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social-democratic Labour Party (PvdA) after the election of 2012. The cabinet was a centrist grand coalition and had a slim majority in the House of Representatives. VVD Leader Mark Rutte served as Prime Minister;prominent PvdA politician Lodewijk Asscher,a former alderman of Amsterdam,served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment.
Barbara Visser is a Croatian-Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). From 31 August 2021 to 10 January 2022,she served as Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management of the Netherlands in the third Rutte cabinet. She previously served as State Secretary for Defence from 26 October 2017 to 31 August 2021.
Eric Derk Wiebes is a resigned Dutch politician who served as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet since 26 October 2017 until 15 January 2021. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).
Wybren Ridley van Haga is a Dutch politician and engineer who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017. He was initially elected as a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),but was expelled from the party in 2019,causing the third Rutte cabinet to lose its parliamentary majority. Van Haga subsequently sat as an independent MP before joining Thierry Baudet's Forum for Democracy party,where he was placed second on the party list in the 2021 election. He has since quit Forum for Democracy and created his own political party Belang van Nederland.
