Saran district

Last updated
Saran district
An agricultural field in Saran district of Bihar.jpg
Agricultural field in Saran district
Bihar district location map Saran.svg
Location of Saran district in Bihar
Coordinates(Chhapra): 25°55′N84°45′E / 25.917°N 84.750°E / 25.917; 84.750
CountryIndia
State Bihar
Division Saran
Headquarters Chhapra
Tehsils 20
Government
   Lok Sabha constituencies 1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district)
   Vidhan Sabha constituencies Ekma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonpur
Area
  Total2,641 km2 (1,020 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
  Total3,951,862
  Density1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Demographics
   Literacy 72.57 per cent
  Sex ratio949
Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN Code
Major highways NH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19
Website saran.nic.in

Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar. [1] The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

Contents

It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga, Hathwa Raj, Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj.

Typonym

It is said that "Saran" is a corrupted version of the word Sarangaranya (forest of deer). According to legend, earlier it was a dense forest full of deer and the home of Rishi Sarangi. Another suggestion is that the name is corruption of Sakra-aranya (the forest of Indra). [2]

History

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901959,390    
1911911,695−0.51%
1921931,796+0.22%
1931990,147+0.61%
19411,138,986+1.41%
19511,256,306+0.99%
19611,447,297+1.43%
19711,709,722+1.68%
19812,084,322+2.00%
19912,572,980+2.13%
20013,248,701+2.36%
20113,951,862+1.98%
source: [3]

Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period. [4] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD. [5]

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees. [6]

The Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016. [7] [8] [9] [10]

Geography

Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi), [11] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra. [12] This 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk, [13] is being constructed at the cost of 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL). [14] [15] It is longer than the 1.8 km (1.1 mi) double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road. [16] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022. [17] The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters. [18] The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the police lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long and the lower portion 3 km (1.9 mi).

Politics

DistrictNo.ConstituencyNamePartyAllianceRemarks
Saran 113 Ekma Srikant Yadav RJD MGB
114 Manjhi Satyendra Yadav CPI(M) MGB
115 Baniapur Kedar Nath Singh RJD MGB
116 Taraiya Janak Singh BJP NDA
117 Marhaura Jitendra Kumar Ray RJD MGB
118 Chapra C. N. Gupta BJP NDA
119 Garkha Surendra Ram RJD MGB
120 Amnour Krishan Kumar Mantoo BJP NDA
121 Parsa Chhote Lal Ray RJD MGB
122 Sonepur Ramanuj Prasad Yadav RJD MGB

Economy

Saran was earlier called a 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there. [19] [20] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). [21]

It is a primarily agriculture based rural and suburban region with little industrial output. This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014. That period was marked by unethical election practices. [22]

Government

The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is IAS Aman Samir. [23] The Divisional Commissioner is Sarvanan M(I.A.S). [24]

The district has three subdivisions, 20 community development blocks and 1,807 villages.

Subdivisions

Blocks

Demographics

Religions in Saran district (2011) [25]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
89.45%
Islam
10.28%
Other or not Stated
0.27%

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862, [26] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia [27] or the US state of Oregon. [28] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640). [26] The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi). [26] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%. [26] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1,000 males, [26] and a literacy rate of 68.57%. 8.94% of the population lives in urban areas. [26]

Languages

<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;

Languages of Saran district (2011) [29]

   Bhojpuri (93.16%)
   Hindi (4.45%)
   Urdu (2.28%)
  Others (0.11%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language. [29]

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts. [30]

Transport

The nearest airport to Saran District is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away.

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Champaran district</span> District of Bihar in India

East Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India.The district headquarters are located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single district called "Champaran". On 1 December 1971, the district was divided into 2 parts East Champaran and West Champaran. In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hajipur</span> City in Bihar, India

Hajipur is the headquarters and largest city of Vaishali district of the state of Bihar in India. Hajipur is the 16th most populous city of Bihar, besides being the second-fastest developing city, next to Patna. It had a total population of 1.47 lakh as per census 2011. Vaishali district is ranked 8th among 38 districts in Bihar in terms of growth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chhapra</span> City in Bihar, India

Chhapra is a city and headquarters of the Saran District in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and the Ganges River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deoria district</span> District of Uttar Pradesh in India

Deoria district, one of the districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India has its headquarters located at Deoria and is a part of Gorakhpur division. It came into existence on 16 March 1946 from Gorakhpur district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maharajganj district</span> District of Uttar Pradesh in India

Maharajganj district is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India, and the town of Maharajganj is the district headquarters. District is a part Gorakhpur division. It is located in Terai region of Himalayas, bordering Nepal in North. Gandak, Rapti, Rohin are some major river flowing through the district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saran division</span> Division of Bihar in India

Saran division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India. Chhapra is the administrative headquarters of the division. Currently (2005), the division consists of Saran district, also called Chhapra District, Siwan district, Gopalganj district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raxaul</span> Town in Bihar, India

Raxaul is a sub-divisional town in the East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated at the India-Nepal border with Birgunj city (Nepal). Raxaul is a major railway junction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jai Prakash University</span> Public university in Chhapra, Bihar

Jai Prakash University (JPU) is a state university located in Chhapra, Bihar, India. Initially serving the needs of higher and quality education of the people of Saran commissionary, it has completed its 29 years and has entered its 30th year. With 21 constituent colleges, 11 affiliated colleges and 23 proposed colleges including 10 professional colleges, it is offering courses at the undergraduate level and postgraduate level in most subjects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhikhari Thakur</span> Founder of Bhojpuri Song

Bhikari Thakur was an Indian Bhojpuri language poet, playwright, lyricist, actor, folk dancer, folk singer and social activist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Bhojpuri language and most popular folk writer of Purvanchal and Bihar. Thakur is often called the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri" and "Rai Bahadur". His works consist of more than a dozen plays, Monologues, poems, and Bhajans, which were printed in nearly three dozen books. His noteworthy works include Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa and Bhai Birodh. Gabarghichor is often compared with Bertolt Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Thakur is known as the father of the naach folk theatre tradition. He is also credited as the first person to cast male actors in female roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hajipur Junction railway station</span> Railway Station in Bihar, India

Hajipur Junction,, is a major railway station and headquarters in the Sonpur division of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Hajipur Junction is located in Hajipur city in the Indian state of Bihar. Hajipur is the district headquarters of Vaishali district and is located at 33 km by rail route from Patna Junction. East Central Railway was inaugurated on 8 September 1996 with headquarters at Hajipur, Bihar. It became operational on 1 October 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Bihar</span> Geographic Region in Bihar, India

North Bihar is a term used for the region of Bihar, India, which lies north of the Ganga river.

'Acharya' Sarangdhar is a teacher, Hindi writer, poet, essayist, story writer and scholar. He has penned books on Hindi 'vyakaran', essays, poems and is a columnist in various Hindi and Bhojpuri magazines published from India and abroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raj Narain College, Hajipur</span> Degree College in Bihar

Raj Narain College Hajipur, which has recently been accredited by the NAAC with a high ‘B’ grade, is one of the premier constituent units of B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur. It is the oldest institution of higher education in the district of Vaishali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arrah–Chhapra Bridge</span> 4.35 Km bridge over Ganga river in Bihar, India

Arrah–Chhapra Bridge is the longest multi-span extradosed bridge in the world with a main bridge length of 1,920 m (6,300 ft). The bridge crosses over the Ganges River in India, connecting Arrah in Bhojpur district to Chhapra in Saran district of Bihar state. The bridge provides a roadway link between the northern and southern parts of Bihar. The bridge opened for public use on 11 June 2017.

Nayagaon is a semi-urban area in Sonpur Block in Saran in Bihar, India. Nayagaon is part of Sonpur and Saran. New townships are being built in Nayagaon, N G Town by Phenomenal Projects Pvt., The Sai Green Mega Township Project by TCW Realty under Greater Patna Project, Natural City by Bold India Infra Private Limited Devkripa Green city Shital Green City Project Of Shital Buildtech Pvt Ltd, Kazari infra tech pvt ltd, Rav Residency and Aryavart Group. The distance of Nayagaon to Patna(Patliputra) has been reduced from earlier 45 km to 15 km due to Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge. Nayagaon is located on NH 19, Nayagaon Sarai. Nayagaon is located at Mouza/Mauja Rasulpur. It is located along river Ganges. It is also near the under construction Hajipur-Chhapra-Ghazipur four-lane Highway. The distance to AIIMS Patna in Phulwari Sharif is also reduced due to Digha-AIIMS elevated highway. Census code of Nayagaon is 234491. A power sub-station became functional in Nayagaon under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana in August 2020. An ITI is also planned in Nayagaon. Nayagaon is 12 km from Rail Wheel Plant, Bela, Dariapur Block in Saran. A stadium is being constructed at the cost of Rs 55 lakhs in the sports ground of Gogal Singh Intermediate College, Nayagaon. An inter-modal terminal at Kalughat, Nayagaon is being constructed as part of National Waterway 1 under the government's Jal Marg Vikas project.

Sonpur Community development block is a rural area earmarked for administration and development in Saran district. The area is administered by a block development officer. It is the second largest block of Saran district in terms of population. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, panchayat samiti, Primary Agricultural Co-operative societies (PACS) and other local administrative unit at the village level. It is represented by Sonpur Vidhan Sabha constituency in Bihar Legislative Assembly and Saran Lok Sabha constituency in Indian parliament.

Kalyanpur is a small village located in the Sonpur tehsil (block) of Saran district of the state of Bihar, India. It has an altitude of 43 meters (141 ft). Kalyanpur village is situated 8 km (4 mi) away from the sub-district headquarters of Sonpur and 47 km (29 mi) away from the district headquarters of Chhapra. As per 2009 stats, Kalyanpur is the gram panchayat of Kalyanpur village. Near the Gularia Chowk is the small market in Kalyanpur village. Sonpur is the nearest town, at approximately 8 km away from Kalyanpur. Kalyanpur village is connected by Sonpur Darihara Rewaghat road to Gandak baandh road.

Dumari is a village in Taraiya Block of Saran district in Bihar, India. Located in a rural area of Saran district, it is one of the 79 villages of Taraiya Block. The village has 321 homes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramchandra Manjhi</span> Bhojpuri folk dancer (1925–2022)

Ramchandra Manjhi was an Indian Bhojpuri folk dancer and theatre artist who is famous as a Launda Naach performer. He was one of the members of Bhikhari Thakur's drama team and was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2017 and was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2021.

References

  1. "सारण। छपरा में कहने के लिए सारण काफी पुराना जिला है। मुगल शासक अकबर के दरबारी अबुल फजल ने आइने अकबरी".
  2. O'Malley, L. S. S. (2007). Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers : Saran. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 1–2. ISBN   9788172681364.
  3. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  4. "BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN".
  5. Roy, Kumkum (2009). Historical dictionary of Ancient India. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   9780810853669.
  6. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 69). ISBN   978-0-520-21100-1.
  7. "Saran Gazetteer PDF DM Deepak Anand".
  8. "Execution of rail projects Saran's biggest gain in '16". The Times of India . 30 December 2016.
  9. सृजन से जाने सारण जिले की थाती को
  10. 'सारण सृजन' विवरणिका का डीएम ने किया लोकार्पण
  11. Srivastava, Dayawanti; et al., eds. (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN   978-81-230-1617-7.
  12. "Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover". The Times of India . 12 July 2018.
  13. "Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr". Archived from the original on July 12, 2018.
  14. "CM to open highway at Chhapra". The Times of India . 10 July 2018.
  15. "Chhapra road bounty". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12.
  16. "Saran to beat Mumbai marvel". Archived from the original on July 12, 2018.
  17. "Flyover first on Lalu's once turf". Archived from the original on July 12, 2018.
  18. "Soon, Chhapra to get double-decker flyover". The Times of India . 23 June 2018.
  19. "मनीऑर्डर इकॉनोमी से स्वावलंबन की ओर सारण" (in Hindi). 12 July 2018.
  20. "दानापुर-दिघवारा प्रस्तावित पुल सारण को बनायेगा मिनी 'नोएडा'". Prabhat Khabar (in Hindi).
  21. Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  22. "Sample Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour, Belief and Practices (KABBP) & Expenditure - Sensitive Constituencies in Bihar" (PDF). ECI Bihar's CIMP Report. 1. 17 July 2015.
  23. http://saran.bih.nic.in
  24. "Contact Details of Officers in Saran Commissionary". sarandivision.bih.nic.in.
  25. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census Handbook: Saran" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  27. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-01. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  28. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074
  29. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  30. M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-30.