Senior TT

Last updated

Seven-time Senior TT winner John McGuinness in 2007 John McGuinness at Rhencullen - geograph.org.uk - 461512.jpg
Seven-time Senior TT winner John McGuinness in 2007

The Senior Tourist Trophy is a motorcycle road race that takes place during the Isle of Man TT festival, an annual event traditionally held over the last week in May and the first week in June. The Senior TT is the blue ribbon event of the festival that takes place on the Friday of race week, with "The Marquis de Mouzilly St. Mars trophy" awarded to the winner.

Contents

The event was part of the FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship from 1949 to 1976, before being transferred to the United Kingdom after safety concerns, becoming the British Grand Prix under the FIM from the 1977 GP season. [1]

Until 2012, the Senior TT had never been cancelled except during the two World Wars and during travel restrictions associated with the animal foot and mouth outbreak in 2001. However, during the 2012 TT Races, with inclement weather on the day prior to its traditional Friday race day (8 June), the decision was taken to postpone racing until the following day, Saturday, 9 June. Consequently, a course inspection was made, and following a meeting between riders and officials, the decision was made to cancel the running of the Senior race for safety reasons. [2] The races were cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Engine capacity

The 1911 TT races was the first time the Senior TT race took place and was open to 500 cc single-cylinder and 585 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles. It was won by Oliver Godfrey riding an Indian, at an average speed of 47.63 mph over five laps of the Snaefell Mountain Course that was in use for the first time that year. [3] The 1912 event was the first to limit the Senior TT to 500 cc machines and this engine capacity prevailed until 1984.

The engine capacity was modified from the traditional (up to) 500 cc for two-strokes and is now (up to) 1,000 cc for four-strokes, although 1,000 cc machines were permitted in 1985 and 1986, 1,300 cc in 1987, 1988 and 1989, and 750 cc in 1990–1998.

Eligibility

Entrants

Machines

The 2012 specification for entries into the Senior TT race are defined as:

Official qualification time

Speed and lap records

The lap record for the Senior TT class is 16 minutes and 42.778 seconds at an average speed of 135.452 mph (217.989 km/h) set by Peter Hickman during the 2018 Senior TT Race. The race record is also held by Hickman in 1 hour, 43 minutes and 08.065 seconds; an average race speed of 131.700 mph (211.951 km/h) achieved during the same six-lap race. [6]

The longest race distance for a FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship event was the 500 cc 1957 TT race, over eight laps (302.00 Miles), won by Bob McIntyre riding a 500cc Gilera, in 3 hours, 2 minutes and 57.0 seconds at an average race speed of 98.99 mph.

List of Senior TT podiums

[7]

WinnerSecondThird
RiderMachineSpeedRiderMachineSpeedRiderMachineSpeed
1911 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Oliver Godfrey Indian 47.63 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Charles B Franklin Indian  ?? mphFlag placeholder.svg A J Moorhouse Indian  ?? mph
1912 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Frank A. Applebee Scott 48.69 mphFlag placeholder.svg J R Haswell Triumph  ?? mphFlag placeholder.svg Harry A Collier Matchless  ?? mph
1913 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tim Wood Scott 48.28 mphFlag placeholder.svg A R Abbott Rudge  ?? mphFlag placeholder.svg A H Alexander Indian  ?? mph
1914 Flag of England.svg Cyril Pullin Rudge 49.49 mph Flag of England.svg Oliver Godfrey Indian  ?? mph Flag of England.svg Howard R Davies Sunbeam  ?? mph
1915-1919Not held
1920 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tommy de la Hay Sunbeam 51.79 mphFlag placeholder.svg Doug M Brown Norton  ?? mphFlag placeholder.svg W R Brown Sunbeam  ?? mph
1921 Flag of England.svg Howard R. Davies AJS 54.49 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Dixon Indian 54.02  mph Flag of England.svg Bert le Vack Indian 53.91 mph
1922 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alec Bennett Sunbeam 58.31 mphFlag placeholder.svg Walter Brandish Triumph  ?? mphFlag placeholder.svg Harry Langman Scott  ?? mph
1923 Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Tom Sheard Douglas 55.55 mphFlag placeholder.svg G M Black Norton 55.14 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Dixon Indian 55.01 mph
1924 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alec Bennett Norton 61.64 mphFlag placeholder.svg Harry Langman Scott 61.23 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Dixon Douglas 60.17 mph
1925 Flag of England.svg Howard R. Davies HRD 66.13 mph Flag of England.svg Frank A Longman AJS 64.95 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alec Bennett Norton 64.05 mph
1926 Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Norton 67.54 mph Flag of England.svg Wal Handley Rex-Acme 66.31 mph Flag of England.svg Frank A Longman AJS 66.03 mph
1927 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alec Bennett Norton 68.41 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie New Hudson 66.02 mphFlag placeholder.svg Tom Simister Triumph 65.75 mph
1928 Flag of England.svg Charlie Dodson Sunbeam 62.98 mph Flag of England.svg George Rowley AJS 61.27 mph Flag of England.svg Tommy L Hatch Scott 60.89 mph
1929 Flag of England.svg Charlie Dodson Sunbeam 72.05 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Alec Bennett Sunbeam 70.51 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Henry Tyrell-Smith Rudge 70.25 mph
1930 Flag of England.svg Wal Handley Rudge 74.24 mph Flag of England.svg Graham Walker Rudge 73.1 mph Flag of England.svg Jimmy H Simpson Norton 73.7 mph
1931 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tim Hunt Norton 77.90 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie Norton 77.34  mph Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Norton 76.35 mph
1932 Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Norton 79.38 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie Norton 78.47 mph Flag of England.svg Jimmy H Simpson Norton 78.38 mph
1933 Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Norton 81.04 mph Flag of England.svg Jimmy H Simpson Norton 80.41 mph Flag of England.svg Tim Hunt Norton 80.16 mph
1934 Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie Norton 78.01 mph Flag of England.svg Jimmy H Simpson Norton 75.27 mph Ulster Banner.svg Walter F Rusk Velocette 73.27 mph
1935 Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Moto Guzzi 84.68 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie Norton 84.65 mph Ulster Banner.svg Walter F Rusk Norton 83.53 mph
1936 Flag of Scotland.svg Jimmie Guthrie Norton 85.80 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Velocette 85.66 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Frith Norton 84.49 mph
1937 Flag of England.svg Freddie Frith Norton 88.21 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Velocette 88.09 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John H White Norton 83.97 mph
1938 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Harold Daniell Norton 89.11 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Stanley Woods Velocette 88.99 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Frith Norton 88.98 mph
1939 Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Georg Meier BMW 89.38 mph Flag of England.svg Jock West BMW 88.22 mph Flag of England.svg Freddie Frith Norton 87.96 mph
1940-1946Not held
1947 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Harold Daniell Norton 82.813 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Artie Bell Norton 82.656 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Peter Goodman Velocette 82.463 mph
1948 Ulster Banner.svg Artie Bell Norton 84.969 mph Flag of England.svg Bill Doran Norton 80.338 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Jock A Weddell Norton 79.564 mph
1949 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Harold Daniell Norton 86.93 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Johnny Lockett Norton 86.19 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Ernie Lyons Velocette 85.5 mph
1950 Flag of England.svg Geoff Duke Norton 92.27 mph Ulster Banner.svg Artie Bell Norton 90.86 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Johnny Lockett Norton 90.37 mph
1951 Flag of England.svg Geoff Duke Norton 93.83 mph Flag of England.svg Bill Doran AJS 91.44 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Cromie McCandless Norton 90.33 mph
1952 Flag of Ireland.svg Reg Armstrong Norton 92.97 mph Flag of England.svg Leslie_Graham MV Agusta 92.72 mph Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Ray Amm Norton 92.4 mph
1953 Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Ray Amm Norton 93.85 mph Flag of England.svg Jack Brett Norton 93.74 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Reg Armstrong Gilera 93.62 mph
1954 Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Ray Amm Norton 88.12 mph Flag of England.svg Geoff Duke Gilera 87.19 mph Flag of England.svg Jack Brett Norton 86.04 mph
1955 Flag of England.svg Geoff Duke Gilera 97.93 mph Flag of Ireland.svg Reg Armstrong Gilera 96.74 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Ken Kavanagh Guzzi 95.16 mph
1956 Flag of England.svg John Surtees MV Agusta 96.57 mph Flag of England.svg John Hartle Norton 95.69 mph Flag of England.svg Jack Brett Norton 94.96 mph
1957 Flag of Scotland.svg Bob McIntyre Gilera 98.99 mph Flag of England.svg John Surtees MV Agusta 97.86 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Bob Brown Gilera 95.81 mph
1958 Flag of England.svg John Surtees MV Agusta 98.63 mph Flag of England.svg Bob Anderson Norton 95.4 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Bob Brown Norton 95.25 mph
1959 Flag of England.svg John Surtees MV Agusta 87.94 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Alistair King Norton 85.5 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Bob Brown Norton 83.0 mph
1960 Flag of England.svg John Surtees MV Agusta 102.44 mph Flag of England.svg John Hartle MV Agusta 100.44 mph Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood Norton 98.29 mph
1961 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood Norton 100.61 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Bob McIntyre Norton 99.2 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Tom_Phillis Norton 98.78 mph
1962 Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Gary Hocking MV Agusta 103.51 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Ellis Boyce Norton 96.27 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Fred Stevens Norton 96.24 mph
1963 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood MV Agusta 104.64 mph Flag of England.svg John Hartle Gilera 103.67 mph Flag of England.svg Phil Read Gilera 100.1 mph
1964 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood MV Agusta 100.95 mph Flag of England.svg Derek Minter Norton 98.47 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Fred Stevens Matchless 96.4 mph
1965 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood MV Agusta 91.69 mph Flag of England.svg Joe Dunphy Norton 90.28 mph Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Mike Duff Matchless 88.09 mph
1966 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood Honda 103.11 mph Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 101.09 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Chris Conn Norton 95.37 mph
1967 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood Honda 105.62 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Williams Matchless 99.64 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Steve Spencer Norton 98.59 mph
1968 Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 101.63 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Brian Ball Seeley95.57 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Barry Randle Norton 95.58 mph
1969 Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 104.75 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Alan Barnett Metisse98.28 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Tom DickieSeeley97.92 mph
1970 Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 101.52 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Williams Matchless 97.76 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Bill Smith Kawasaki 96.26 mph
1971 Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 102.59 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Williams Matchless 98.4 mph Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Frank Perris Suzuki 96.51 mph
1972 Flag of Italy.svg Giacomo Agostini MV Agusta 104.02 mph Flag of Italy.svg Alberto Pagani MV Agusta 98.13 mph Flag of England.svg Mick Grant Kawasaki 97.03 mph
1973 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Jack Findlay Suzuki 101.55 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Williams Matchless 100.62 mph Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Charlie Sanby Suzuki 100.27 mph
1974 Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Phil Carpenter Yamaha 96.99 mph Flag of England.svg Charlie Williams Yamaha 96.31 mph Flag of England.svg Tony Rutter Yamaha 94.35 mph
1975 Flag of England.svg Mick Grant Kawasaki 100.27 mph Flag of England.svg John G. Williams Yamaha 99.88 mph Flag of England.svg Chas Mortimer Yamaha 98.15 mph
1976 Ulster Banner.svg Tom Herron Yamaha 105.15 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Ian Richards Yamaha 105.11 mph Ulster Banner.svg Billy Guthrie Yamaha 104.84 mph
1977 Flag of England.svg Phil Read Suzuki 106.97 mph Ulster Banner.svg Tom Herron Yamaha 105.67 mph Flag of England.svg Eddie Roberts Yamaha 104.24 mph
1978 Ulster Banner.svg Tom Herron Suzuki 111.74 mph Ulster Banner.svg Billy Guthrie Suzuki 107.72 mph Flag of England.svg Chas Mortimer Yamaha 107.11 mph
1979 Flag of England.svg Mike Hailwood Suzuki 111.75 mph Flag of England.svg Tony Rutter Suzuki 109.84 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Dennis Ireland Suzuki 109.43 mph
1980 Flag of New Zealand.svg Graeme Crosby Suzuki 109.65 mph Ulster Banner.svg Steve Cull Suzuki 108.87 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Steve Ward Suzuki 108.58 mph
1981 Flag of England.svg Mick Grant Suzuki 106.14 mph Ulster Banner.svg Donny Robinson Yamaha 104.05 mph Flag of England.svg John Newbold Suzuki 103.77 mph
1982 Ulster Banner.svg Norman Brown Suzuki 110.98 mph Flag of South Africa.svg Jon Ekerold Suzuki 110.85 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Dennis Ireland Suzuki 109.25 mph
1983 Flag of England.svg Rob McElnea Suzuki 114.81 mph Ulster Banner.svg Con Law Suzuki 112.97 mph Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 112.77 mph
1984 Flag of England.svg Rob McElnea Suzuki 115.66 mph Flag of England.svg Roger Marshall Honda 112.65 mph Flag of England.svg Trevor Nation Suzuki 112.05 mph
1985 Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 113.69 mph Flag of England.svg Roger Marshall Honda 113.43 mphFlag placeholder.svg Mark Johns Suzuki 111.31 mph
1986 Flag of England.svg Roger Burnett Honda 113.98 mph Flag of England.svg Geoff Johnson Honda 112.91 mph Flag of England.svg Barry Woodland Suzuki 112.47 mph
1987 Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 99.85 mph Flag of England.svg Geoff Johnson Yamaha 98.79 mph Flag of England.svg Roger Marshall Suzuki 97.9 mph
1988 Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 117.38 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Steve Hislop Yamaha 116.53 mph Flag of England.svg Geoff Johnson Suzuki 115.84 mph
1989 Flag of Scotland.svg Steve Hislop Honda 118.23 mph Flag of England.svg Nick Jefferies Yamaha 117.58 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Graeme McGregor Honda 116.38 mph
1990 Flag of England.svg Carl Fogarty Honda 110.95 mph Flag of England.svg Trevor Nation Norton 109.76 mph Flag of England.svg Dave Leach Yamaha 109.61 mph
1991 Flag of Scotland.svg Steve Hislop Honda 121.09 mph Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 119.66 mph Ulster Banner.svg Phillip McCallen Honda 118.35 mph
1992 Flag of Scotland.svg Steve Hislop Norton 121.28 mph Flag of England.svg Carl Fogarty Yamaha 121.2 mph Ulster Banner.svg Robert Dunlop Norton 119.1 mph
1993 Ulster Banner.svg Phillip McCallen Honda 118.32 mph Flag of England.svg Nick Jefferies Honda 117.55 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Steve Ward Honda 116.31 mph
1994 Flag of Scotland.svg Steve Hislop Honda 119.25 mph Ulster Banner.svg McCallen, Phillip Honda 117.96 mph Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 116.75 mph
1995 Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 119.11 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Iain Duffus Ducati 118.53 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Steve Ward Honda 118.25 mph
1996 Ulster Banner.svg Phillip McCallen Honda 119.76 mph Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 118.5 mph Flag of England.svg Nick Jefferies Honda 118.47 mph
1997 Ulster Banner.svg Phillip McCallen Honda 119.45 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Jim Moodie Honda 119.4  mph Flag of Scotland.svg Ian Simpson Honda 118.62 mph
1998 Flag of Scotland.svg Ian Simpson Honda 119.79 mph Flag of England.svg Bob Jackson Kawasaki 119.72 mph Ulster Banner.svg James Courtney Honda 119.19 mph
1999 Flag of England.svg David Jefferies Yamaha 121.27 mph Flag of Scotland.svg Iain Duffus Yamaha 120.44 mph Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Ian Lougher Honda 120.42 mph
2000 Flag of England.svg David Jefferies Yamaha 121.95 mph Flag of England.svg Michael Rutter Yamaha 121.21 mph Ulster Banner.svg Joey Dunlop Honda 120.66 mph
2001 Cancelled due to foot-and-mouth outbreak
2002 Flag of England.svg David Jefferies Suzuki 124.74 mph Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Ian Lougher Suzuki 124.32 mph Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 123.45 mph
2003 Ulster Banner.svg Adrian Archibald Suzuki 124.53 mph Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Ducati 123.93 mph Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Ian Lougher Honda 123.21 mph
2004 Ulster Banner.svg Adrian Archibald Suzuki 123.81 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Bruce Anstey Suzuki 122.96 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Gary Carswell Suzuki 120.64 mph
2005 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Yamaha 124.324 mph Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg Ian Lougher Honda 123.67 mph Flag of England.svg Guy Martin Honda 123.32 mph
2006 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 126.178 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Donald Cameron Honda 125.68 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Bruce Anstey Suzuki 125.59 mph
2007 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 127.255 mph Flag of England.svg Guy Martin Honda 126.6 mph Flag of England.svg Ian Hutchinson Honda 125.67 mph
2008 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 127.186 mph Flag of Australia (converted).svg Donald Cameron Suzuki 126.18 mph Flag of England.svg Ian Hutchinson Yamaha125.19 mph
2009 Flag of England.svg Steve Plater Honda 128.278 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Conor Cummins Kawasaki 127.88 mph Flag of England.svg Gary Johnson Honda 126.87 mph
2010 Flag of England.svg Ian Hutchinson Honda 128.607 mph Ulster Banner.svg Ryan Farquhar Kawasaki 127.46 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Bruce Anstey Suzuki 126.4 mph
2011 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 128.426 mph Flag of England.svg Guy Martin Suzuki 128.28 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Bruce Anstey Honda 128.1 mph
2012Cancelled due to weather conditions
2013 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 128.943 mph Ulster Banner.svg Michael Dunlop Honda 128.73 mph Flag of New Zealand.svg Bruce Anstey Honda 128.58 mph
2014 Ulster Banner.svg Michael Dunlop BMW 128.680 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Conor Cummins Honda 128.39 mph Flag of England.svg Guy Martin Suzuki 128.201 mph
2015 Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 130.481 mph Flag of England.svg James Hillier Kawasaki 130.03 mph Flag of England.svg Ian Hutchinson Kawasaki 129.83 mph
2016 Ulster Banner.svg Michael Dunlop BMW 130.685 mph Flag of England.svg Ian Hutchinson BMW 130.029 mph Flag of England.svg John McGuinness Honda 129.388 mph
2017 Ulster Banner.svg Michael Dunlop Suzuki 130.456 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Hickman BMW 130.04 mph Flag of England.svg Dean Harrison Kawasaki 129.724 mph
2018 Flag of England.svg Peter Hickman BMW 131.700 mph Flag of England.svg Dean Harrison Kawasaki 131.656 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Conor Cummins Honda 129.554 mph
2019 Flag of England.svg Dean Harrison Kawasaki 130.824 mph Flag of England.svg Peter Hickman BMW 129.719 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Conor Cummins Honda 129.599 mph
2020Cancelled due to COVID-19
2021Cancelled due to COVID-19
2022 Flag of England.svg Peter Hickman BMW 129.432 mph Flag of England.svg Dean Harrison Kawasaki 129.085 mph Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Conor Cummins Honda 128.745 mph
2023 Flag of England.svg Peter Hickman BMW 132.526 mph Flag of England.svg Dean Harrison Kawasaki 132.097 mph Ulster Banner.svg Michael Dunlop Honda 131.661 mph

Multiple winners (riders)

RiderWins
Mike Hailwood, John McGuinness 7
Giacomo Agostini 5
Joey Dunlop, Steve Hislop, John Surtees, Stanley Woods 4
Alec Bennett, Harold Daniell, Geoff Duke, Michael Dunlop, David Jefferies, Phillip McCallen, Peter Hickman 3
Adrian Archibald, Ray Amm, Howard R Davies, Charlie Dodson, Mick Grant, Jimmie Guthrie, Tom Herron, Rob McElnea 2

Multiple winners (manufacturers)

MarqueWins
Honda 23
Norton 20
MV Agusta 13
Suzuki 13
BMW 6
Yamaha, Sunbeam 5
Gilera, Kawasaki, Rudge, Scott 2

See also

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References

  1. Guinness Motorcycle Sport Fact Book by Ian Morrison pp120 (1991)(1st Edition) Guinness Publishing The Bath Press ISBN   978-0-85112-953-2
  2. "Decision made on final day of racing at the 2012 TT - The official Isle of Man TT website". Archived from the original on 13 June 2012.
  3. Frank, Aaron (16 November 2011). "The First American Motorcycle to Win the Isle of Man TT". Motorcyclist. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  4. International Tourist Trophy Regulations 2012 page 3/Appendix A page 34 ACU Events (Isle of Man) Limited (2012) Isle of Man Department of Economic Development
  5. International Tourist Trophy Regulations 2012. ACU Events (Isle of Man) Limited. 2012. p. 19.
  6. "New lap and race records for victorious Hickman in PokerStars Senior TT". Isle of Man TT. Duke Marketing Ltd. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  7. "TT Fact Zone". Duke Marketing Ltd.