Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 33 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting, industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level.
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. They are a common component of the infrastructure. There are 55,000 substations in the United States.
Hajipur is the headquarters and largest city of Vaishali district of the state of Bihar in India. Hajipur is the 16th most populous city of Bihar, besides being the second-fastest developing city, next to Patna. It had a total population of 1.47 lakh as per census 2011. Vaishali district is ranked 8th among 38 districts in Bihar in terms of growth.
In electricity distribution networks, spot network substations are used in interconnected distribution networks. They have the secondary network with all supply transformers bussed together on the secondary side at one location. Spot networks are considered the most reliable and most flexible arrangement of connecting power to all types of loads. Switching can be done without interrupting the power to the loads.
Patna, historically known as Pataliputra, is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million, making it the 19th largest city in India. Covering 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court. The Buddhist, Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was born here. The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres wide.
The economy of Bihar is one of the fastest-growing in India. It is largely service-based, with a significant share of agricultural and industrial sectors. The GDP of the state was ₹7,45,310 crores at the current market price (2022–23).
Mahavitaran or Mahadiscom or MSEDCL (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Maharashtra State Electricity Board. It is the largest electricity distribution utility in India (2nd largest in the World after SGCC). MSEDCL distributes electricity to the entire state of Maharashtra except for some parts of Mumbai city where Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, Tata Power and Adani Electricity Mumbai Limited are electricity distributors.
The Kanpur Electricity Supply Company Ltd. (KESCo), formerly known as Kanpur Electricity Supply Authority, is an electrical power company in Kanpur, India. A Government of Uttar Pradesh undertaking, part of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, it was formed on 14 January 2000, and supplies power to the entire area under the Kanpur Municipal Corporation.
Orion New Zealand Limited (Orion) is an electricity distribution company, based in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Patna Metro (Patna MRTS) is a rapid transit system under construction (as of May 2023), in the city of Patna, India. Construction will be completed over five phases, and will be owned and operated by the state-run Patna Metro Rail Corporation. In the first phase, five stations of Patna Metro will be operational by March 2025. Patna MRTS, constructed under a Public Private Partnership mode, is estimated to cost ₹133,657.7 million (US$1.7 billion). This cost excludes land acquisition cost, which will be paid for by the Bihar government. The first phase (consisting of the east–west and north–south corridors) will include both a 23.30 km (14.48 mi) elevated track and a 16.30 km (10.13 mi) underground track.
Electricity Ashburton Limited, trading as EA Networks is a co-operatively-owned electricity distribution company, based in Ashburton, New Zealand.
Jyotigram Yojana is an initiative of the Government of Gujarat, India, to ensure that a 24-hour, three-phase quality power supply is available to rural areas of the state and supply power to farmers residing in scattered farmhouses through feeder lines with specially designed transformers. The scheme was announced in 2006 by the President of India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. In 2011 it was announced by the Government of India that it would accept Gujarat's Jyotigram project as a flagship scheme for its Twelfth five-year plan.
NTPC Kanti also known as George Fernandes Thermal Power Plant Station is located in Kanti, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. George Fernandes was former Member of Parliament from Muzaffarpur constituency of Bihar. It is wholly owned subsidiary company of NTPC. The share of the company is 100% of the NTPC. The plant was not functional between 2003 and 2013; however, renovation of both older units paved the way for commercial production of electricity by the end of 2013.
Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited (BSPHCL), formerly Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB) is a state-owned electricity regulation board operating within the state of Bihar in India. BSEB was established in 1958 as a statutory corporation under the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948. As of November 2012, BSEB has nearly 1,700 officers and 14,850 employees. The derated capacity comes to just 530 MW. The BSEB was unbundled on 2 August 2011. Power Finance Corporation was the main consultant for BSEB's restructuring.
NTPC, Barauni Or Barauni Thermal Power Station is an existing 720 megawatt coal-fired power station earlier owned by Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB)and currently by NTPC Limited. The power station is located at Barauni in Begusarai district, Bihar, India. Barauni thermal power station in Bihar came into existence in association with the Russian collaboration and came into operation in the year 1962. Bihar Government was mulling over the idea to hand over Barauni Thermal Power Station to NTPC Limited. On 17 April 2018, Bihar state cabinet, headed by chief minister Nitish Kumar, gave its nod to handing over of Barauni Thermal Power Station to National Thermal Power Corporation. On 15 May 2018, Bihar Government signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to hand over the thermal plant to National Thermal Power Corporation for a 33- years lease. East Central Railway will provide uninterrupted supply of coal to thermal power station. NTPC completed the acquisition of 720 MW Barauni thermal power plant with effect from 15 December 2018. The units of Barauni power station will be progressively put under commercial operation. On 27 November 2021, Bihar CM Nitish Kumar inaugurated 250 Megawatts Powerhouse Unit in Barauni Thermal Power Station.
West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) is a wholly owned enterprise of Government of West Bengal, established in 2007 as one of the two successors of West Bengal State Electricity Board, and is responsible for providing power to 96% of West Bengal with a customer base of more than 2.2 crore across the state. The company has achieved a profit of ₹95.13 crore (PAT) in the fiscal year 2010–11.
The Southern Power Distribution Company of Telangana, abbreviated as, TSSPDCL is a state Electricity Distribution company owned by the government of Telangana for the 15 southern districts of Telangana.
North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited is a public sector undertaking (PSU) controlled by the Government of Bihar. It was formed on 1 November 2012 under section 14 of the Electricity Act of 2003, and is the successor to the erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board.
Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited or APSPDCL is the Electricity Distribution company owned by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for the Nine Southern Districts of Andhra Pradesh namely Kurnool, Anantapur, Tirupati, Sri Sathya Sai, Kadapa, Annamayya, Chittoor, Nandyal and Nellore districts.
The Percival Lane power station in Runcorn was built and operated by the Mersey Power Company Limited. It comprised two stations A and B commissioned in 1921 and 1941. The station supplied electricity to commercial, industrial and domestic users over a wide area of 95 square miles around the River Mersey including Widnes, Ellesmere Port and Runcorn.
