Spanish Chileans

Last updated
Spanish Chileans
Hispano-chileno
Total population
25,624 [1] Spanish citizens Vast majority of Chileans have at least partial Spanish ancestry (from colonial times)
Regions with significant populations
All over Chile
Languages
Chilean Spanish, Peninsular Spanish, Galician, Catalan, Basque
Religion
Mainly Roman Catholicism,
Evangelicalism and Protestantism minorities
Related ethnic groups
Chilean people, Spaniards, and other Latin American peoples

Spanish Chileans refer more often to Chileans of post-independence Spanish immigrant descent, as they have retained a Spanish cultural identity. People of pre-independence Spanish descent are usually not considered Spanish Chileans even though they form a large majority of the Chilean population and have Spanish surnames and ancestry. This is because they rejected Spanish identity for the emergent Chilean one on the eve of national independence.

Contents

History

The earliest European immigrants were Spanish colonisers who arrived in the 16th century. They came to form the majority of the population by the time of Chilean independence. [2] They came mainly from Castile and Andalusia and formed the majority population. The Amerindian population of central Chile was absorbed into the Spanish settler population in the beginning of the colonial period to form the large mestizo population that exists in Chile today; mestizos create modern middle and lower classes. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Basques from both Spain and France came to Chile where they integrated into the existing elites of Castilian origin. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Other European nationalities then followed and also became rich and fused with each other and the Basque-Castilian elite to create modern middle and upper classes. At the beginning of the Guano era in 1840s, one of Peru's most prosperous time periods, immigration from Spain greatly increased and the economy was booming and standard of living was high. This era ended in 1866 with the Chincha Islands War wherein anti-Spanish sentiments in Peru also arose in Chile and in which Peru emerged victorious. In 1903, a fleet of 88 Canarian families—400 persons—arrived in Budi Lake, that currently have more than 1,000 descendants, as a response to the government's call to populate this region and signed contracts for the benefit of a private company. While many Canarians obeyed their servitude, some of those who disobeyed the provisions of repopulation tried to escape their servitude and were arrested, and the indigenous Mapuche people took pity on the plight of these Canarians who were established on their former lands. The Mapuches welcomed them and joined their demonstrations in the so-called "revolt of the Canarians", and many Canarians integrated into Mapuche population to add the large mestizo population that exists in Chile. [10] In the 20th century, there was an influx of refugees of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's regime.(see Winnipeg ship) They have kept their Spanish national identity and set up Spanish clubs throughout the country. The Spanish culture of the original settlers slowly evolved into Chilean folk culture, especially the huaso one, and at the time of independence had abandoned national affiliation with Spain.

Spanish architecture in Chile

Today, most Chileans have predominantly Spanish/Basque ancestry. However, unlike most other Spanish-American countries, very few buildings were built by Spaniards during the colonial period. One or two colonial buildings from the later stage of Spanish domination might still be standing in a few cities in central Chile. However, there are two small towns in Chile whose city centre is dominated by Spanish architecture, Cobquecura, near Concepcion, and Yerbas Buenas, near Linares. Because of this exception to the rule, they are protected by the Chilean government as 'places of architectural heritage'. Most houses are American in style, while the old public buildings are French and the newer ones are based on American skycrapers.[ citation needed ]

Notable Spanish Chileans

List of Spanish cultural centres and other institutions in Chile

They have regional cultural centres in Santiago and other large cities.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Chile</span>

Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining birth rate. By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people, at which point it is projected to either stagnate or begin declining. About 85% of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in Greater Santiago alone. The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census are Greater Santiago with 5.6 million people, Greater Concepción with 861,000 and Greater Valparaíso with 824,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chillán</span> Capital city of the Ñuble Region, Chile

Chillán is the capital city of the Ñuble Region in the Diguillín Province of Chile located about 400 km (249 mi) south of the country's capital, Santiago, near the geographical center of the country. It is the capital of the new Ñuble Region since 6 September 2015. Within the city are a railway station, an inter-city bus terminal named María Teresa, and a regimental military base. The city includes a modern-style enclosed shopping mall in addition to the multi-block open-air street market where fruits, vegetables, crafts and clothing are sold. The nearby mountains are a popular destination for skiing and hot spring bathing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Cancha Rayada (1818)</span>

The Battle of Cancha Rayada, was fought in Chile between South American patriots and Spanish royalists, during the Osorio's campaign in the South American wars of independence. The result was a defeat for the patriot forces, weeks later the patriots take their rematch at the Battle of Maipú.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chileans</span> Ethnic group native to Chile; people identified with the country of Chile

Chileans are an ethnic group and nation native to the country of Chile and its neighboring insular territories. Most Chileans share a common culture, history, ancestry and language. The overwhelming majority of Chileans are the product of varying degrees of admixture between European ethnic groups with peoples indigenous to Chile's modern territory. Chile is a multilingual and multicultural society, but an overwhelming majority of Chileans have Spanish as their first language and either are Christians or have a Christian cultural background.

Immigration to Chile has contributed to the demographics and the history of this South American nation. Chile is a country whose inhabitants are mainly of Iberian, mostly of Andalusian and Basque origin, and Native American, mostly descended from Mapuche peoples. A moderate numbers of European immigrants settled in Chile during the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly Spanish, as well as Germans, British, French, Southern Slavs, and Italians who have made additional contributions to the racial complex of Chile. However, this immigration was never in a large scale, contrasting with mass migrations that characterized Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, and therefore, anthropologically, its impact with lesser consequence. At the same time, some separate cultural aspects, such as German cakes, British afternoon tea, and Italian pasta, were preserved. The fusion is also visible in the architecture of Chilean cities. This intermarriage and mixture of cultures and races have shaped the present society and culture of Chile.

Arturo Corvalán Galaz is a retired male road racing cyclist from Chile.

Juan Manuel Fierro González is a male professional track and road cyclist from Chile. He represented his native country at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jumbo (hypermarket)</span> Chilean hypermarket chain

Jumbo is a Chilean hypermarket chain with a presence in Chile, Argentina, and Colombia. Founded in 1976 by Horst Paulmann, Jumbo is a subsidiary and pillar of the Cencosud business consortium, which also owns Santa Isabel, Disco, Super Vea, and Metro supermarkets, as well as Easy and Paris stores.

The 2012–13 Copa Chile,, is the 33rd edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national cup tournament. The competition started on June 23, 2012, with the First Round and concludes on May 8, 2013, with the Final. The winner qualifies for the 2013 Copa Sudamericana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basque center</span> Ethnocultural community centers

Basque centers are associative organizations that appeared in the end of the 19th century in cities that have really an important presence of Basque emigration, with the purpose of helping each other and keeping links with Basque culture and homeland. They are also meeting points for the Basque people who live all around the world far away from their land.

The 2009 Campeonato Nacional de Apertura Copa Banco Estado was the 85th season of top-tier football in Chile. The tournament champion was Universidad de Chile, so that earned their 13th league title after a five-year winless, after winning over Unión Española on points, in the finals, that allowed the automatically qualification of the university team to the 2010 Copa Libertadores Second Stage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Costa Rican</span>

Spanish Costa Rican are people from Costa Rica with Spanish ancestry from both the conquerors of the colonial period as immigrants who arrived after independence and the Central American Federation of disunion. Historically this part of the population was called Criollo and were privileged but did not have equal rights with the Spaniards, some of them were mixed with Mestizos. Approximately 16,482 Spanish citizens living in Costa Rica for 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basque Football Federation</span> Governing body of association football in the Basque Country

The Basque Football Federation is the body responsible for managing association football in the Basque Country autonomous region. Its offices are in Bilbao.

The 2016–17 Campeonato Nacional season was the 86th season of top-flight football in Chile. Universidad Católica were the defending champions.

The 2017 Copa Chile,, was the 38th edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national cup tournament. The competition started on 9 July 2017 with the first round and ended on 11 November 2017. Santiago Wanderers were the winners, beating Universidad de Chile 3–1 in the final to win their third title and first since 1961, and qualified for the 2018 Copa Libertadores.

The 2018 Campeonato Nacional, known as Campeonato Nacional Scotiabank 2018 for sponsorship purposes, was the 88th season of top-flight football in Chile. The season started on 2 February and ended on 2 December. Colo-Colo were the defending champions, having won the 2017 Transición tournament. Universidad Católica won their thirteenth title on the last day of the season following a 2–1 win at Deportes Temuco, who were relegated to the second tier with this defeat.

The 2019 Copa Chile, was the 40th edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. Palestino were the defending champions, but were knocked out of the competition by Santiago Morning in the second round. Colo-Colo were the champions, defeating Universidad de Chile 2–1 in the final.

The 2021 Copa Chile, was the 41st edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 15 June 2021 during the mid-season break due to the 2021 Copa América and ended on 4 September 2021, with the final match on neutral ground. Colo-Colo were able to defend the title won in the previous edition of the competition, winning their thirteenth Copa Chile after beating Everton in the final by a 2–0 score.

The 2022 Copa Chile, was the 42nd edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 19 March 2022 and ended on 13 November 2022, with the final match on neutral ground.

References

  1. ↑ (in Spanish) 44.468 ciudadanos españoles viven en Chile Archived 2009-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ Vascos en Chile.
  3. ↑ Diariovasco.
  4. ↑ entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca. Archived 2009-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ vascos Ainara Madariaga: Autora del estudio "Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX".
  6. ↑ Basques au Chili.
  7. ↑ "Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano". instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita: "Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco".
  8. ↑ (in Spanish) La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi. Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ (in Spanish) Presencia vasca en Chile.
  10. ↑ Archipiélago noticias. Canarios en Chile (in Spanish: Canarians in Chile). Posted Luis León Barreto. Retrieved December 21, 2011, to 23:52 pm.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.