Sulcis (Maurreddia or Meurreddia in Sardinian language) is a subregion of Sardinia, Italy, in the Province of South Sardinia.
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Languages spoken include Italian, Sardinian (Campidanesu) and Ligurian (Tabarchino).
Sulcis (Maurreddia or Meurreddia in Sardinian language) is a subregion of Sardinia, Italy, in the Province of South Sardinia.
Languages spoken include Italian, Sardinian (Campidanesu) and Ligurian (Tabarchino).
Its municipalities are: Calasetta, Carbonia, Carloforte, Giba, Gonnesa, Masainas, Narcao, Nuxis, Perdaxius, Piscinas, Portoscuso, San Giovanni Suergiu, Santadi, Sant'Anna Arresi, Sant'Antioco, Tratalias, Villaperuccio, Teulada.
Part of the region are also the islands of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco.
Today the term "Lower Sulcis" is used to indicate the municipalities that belonged to the old Curatoria of Sulcis (without the Cixerri valley) and, sometimes, it is erroneously attributed to the towns of Pula, Villa San Pietro, Sarroch and Domus de Maria, who never belonged to the territory of ancient Sulci but rather to that of Nora, never belonged to the diocese of Sulci but always to that of Cagliari and, in the Middle Ages, belonged exclusively to the Curatoria of Nuras of the Giudicato of Cagliari.
The oldest traces of human presence in the Sulcis date back to the Mesolithic (9000 BC). [1] From the second half of the fourth millennium BC, in the late Neolithic, the tombs took on the appearance of Domus de Janas, subterranean structures obtained by digging the rock sometimes gathered in vast necropolis as in the case of Montessu.
To the Eneolithic belong the cultures of Monte Claro and of the Bell Beaker which were widely spread in the Sulcis. In the early centuries of the second millennium BC in Sardinia developed the Bonnanaro culture, linked to the previous culture of the bell-shaped vessel to which were added Polada influences; Sulcis is one of the Sardinian territories in which this culture is most strongly represented.
In the Middle Bronze Age also in the Sulcis spread the Nuragic civilization resulting in the construction of dozens of nuraghi (many of which of the complex typology as the Nuraghe Sirai or the Nuraghe Meurra), villages, holy wells and giant tombs. The occurrence of nuraghi in the region seems to strongly be related to elevated outcrops giving the advantage of a raised position and stable foundations. [2]
Sulcis is named after the ancient Phoenician (and then Punic and Roman) city of Sulci (Solki), near the present-day Sant'Antioco.
In the Middle Ages the Sulcis was part of a Curatoria of the giudicato of Cagliari which included the entire south-western part of Sardinia. From 1258 to 1355, after the fall of the giudicato, it was under the rule of the pisan della Gherardesca family and then, from 1355, it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Sardinia by the Aragonese.
The medieval diocese of Sulcis retained its name until the move of the seat from Tratalias to Iglesias in 1506. It had two cathedrals: the first in the ancient city of Sulci, the Roman-Byzantine basilica dedicated to the founder of the diocese, Antiochus of Sulcis; the second in a Romanesque church in the village of Tratalias dedicated to Saint Mary of Montserrat.
From the 14th century to the modern era, as a result of wars (Sardinian–Aragonese war), the black plague and saracen raids, this territory was completely depopulated, Giovanni Francesco Fara in 1580 described this region has wild and abandoned. [3] In the 17th century there were only two inhabited villages in the entire Sulcis, Portoscuso and Teulada. In the 18th century, during the Savoy era, began a process of repopulation, mainly carried out by families from the nearby Iglesiente, particularly from Iglesias, who were granted lands of feudal domains for the exercise of the agriculture and pastoralism. [4] The distance of the concessions from the residential centers in the north, in the order of tens of kilometers, was such as to require the construction of permanent settlements for residential purposes and protection of the territory, the so-called furriadroxius and the medaus. This dynamic has therefore favored a colonization with a population dispersed in scattered settlements of small size, comparable to small modest farms but basically autonomous.
The arrival of new families of settlers, over time, developed a tendency of furriadroxius to congregate around a church. The original settlements, following these enlargements, turned into an aggregated group of more housing units, called boddeu (set of furriadroxius), similar to a village but with no roads. Most of the inhabited centers of the Sulcis, today communes or villages, have developed between the 18th and 19th centuries because of expansion of boddeus, taking the name of the ancient medieval centers disappeared. [3] Even the Sant'Antioco Island and the San Pietro Island were repopulated with the birth, near the ancient ruins Sulci, of Sant'Antioco, which developed around the Byzantine era basilica dedicated to the eponymous saint of the island, and Carloforte (1738) and Calasetta (1770), populated by Ligurian refugees coming from the island of Tabarka, Tunisia.
The region has rich coal deposits, commercially exploited since the 1850s. Coal mining has been the primary source of sustenance of the local population for many years. However, after hitting a peak during the Fascist regime with the foundation of Carbonia, coal production has been largely abandoned by the early 1970s. [5] Today, Sulcis is one of the poorest places in Italy, characterized by sky-high unemployment and emigration. [6]
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica.
Archaeological evidence of prehistoric human settlement on the island of Sardinia is present in the form of nuraghes and other prehistoric monuments, which dot the land. The recorded history of Sardinia begins with its contacts with the various people who sought to dominate western Mediterranean trade in classical antiquity: Phoenicians, Punics and Romans. Initially under the political and economic alliance with the Phoenician cities, it was partly conquered by Carthage in the late 6th century BC and then entirely by Rome after the First Punic War. The island was included for centuries in the Roman province of Sardinia and Corsica, which would be incorporated into the diocese of Italia suburbicaria in 3rd and 7th centuries.
Sant'Antioco is the name of both an island and a municipality (comune) in southwestern Sardinia, in the Province of South Sardinia, in Sulcis zone. With a population of 11,730, the municipality of Sant'Antioco it is the island's largest community. It is also the site of ancient Sulci, considered the second city of Sardinia in antiquity.
Carloforte is a fishing and resort town located on Isola di San Pietro, approximately 7 kilometres off the southwestern coast of Sardinia, in the Province of South Sardinia, Italy. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia association.
Carbonia is a town and comune in the Province of South Sardinia, Sardinia, Italy. Along with Iglesias it was a co-capital of the former province of Carbonia-Iglesias, now suppressed. It is located in the south-west of the island, at about an hour by car or train from the regional capital, Cagliari.
San Pietro Island is an island approximately seven kilometres off the South western Coast of Sardinia, Italy, facing the Sulcis peninsula. With an area of 51 square kilometres it is the sixth-largest island of Italy by area. The approximately 6,000 inhabitants are mostly concentrated in the fishing town of Carloforte, the only comune in the island. It is included in the province of South Sardinia. It is named after Saint Peter.
Domusnovas, Domusnoas or Domus Noas in Sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Carbonia, in the Sulcis-Iglesiente region, in the valley of the Cixerri river.
Gonnesa is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Cagliari and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Carbonia, in the Iglesiente subregion.
Portoscuso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Cagliari and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Carbonia. The languages used here are Italian and Sardinian Campidanese.
San Giovanni Suergiu, Santu Giuanni de Suergiu in sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Cagliari and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Carbonia.
Sant'Andrea Frius is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Cagliari.
Piscinas is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Carbonia, in the Sulcis-Iglesiente traditional subregion. Piscinas borders the following municipalities: Giba, Masainas, Santadi, Teulada, Tratalias, Villaperuccio.
Scano di Montiferro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Oristano.
Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and an autonomous region of Italy. Tourism in Sardinia is one of the fastest growing sectors of the regional economy. The island attracts more than a million tourists from both Italy, from the rest of Europe, and, to a lesser degree, from the rest of the world. According to statistics, tourist arrivals in 2016 were 2.9 million people.
Tabarchino is a dialect of the Ligurian language spoken in Sardinia.
The necropolis of Montessu is an archaeological site located in the municipality of Villaperuccio, Sardinia.
The province of South Sardinia is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia, Italy, instituted on 4 February 2016. It includes the suppressed provinces of Carbonia-Iglesias and Medio Campidano, a large part of the old province of Cagliari, and two other municipalities.
The Sulcis-Iglesiente is a historical region of southwestern Sardinia comprising, as the name suggests, the territories of Sulcis and Iglesiente. It is included in the province of South Sardinia.
The Archipelago of Sulcis is located off the cost of Sardinia, and is part of the Province of South Sardinia. The archipelago is 160 square kilometres (62 sq mi) in land area.
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