Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions

This is an incomplete table containing prophets, sometimes called messengers, of the Abrahamic religions. ^{[1] [2]}

Table

Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)	Prophets of Christianity	Prophethood in the Druze faith	Prophets and messengers in Islam	Prophets in Judaism	Chief Prophets of Mandaeism	Rastafari	Samaritanism
Ádam [3] [4]	Adam	ʾĀdam	ʾĀdam [5]	—	Adam	—	ʾĀ̊dā̊m [6]
—	Abel	—	Hābīl	—	—	—	—
—	Seth	—	Šīṯ	—	Šītil	—	Šåt [6]
Edrís (Enoch/Hermes Trismegistus) [7]	Enoch	ʾAḵnūḵ	Idris [8]	—	—	Enoch	ʾĪnūḵ [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Kenan (Qinā̊n) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Mahalalel (Măʾllēləl) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Jared (Yărăd) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Methuselah (Mətušā̊ːlaʾ) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Lamech (Ləmēk) [6]
Núh [9]	Noah	Nuh	Nuh [8]	—	Nú	—	Nā̊ʾ [6]
—	—	—	—	—	Sam	—	Shem (Šēm) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Arpachshad (ʾArpakšā̊d) [6]
Vāsudeva-Krishna [10] [11]	—	—	Krishna (only Ahmadiyya) [12]	—	—	—	—
Húd [9]	—	—	Hud [8]	—	—	—	Eber (ʿəbăr) [6]
Sálih [9]	—	—	Saleh [8]	—	—	—	Šīlå [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Peleg (Pălăg) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Reu (Rəʿu) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Serug (Šărūg) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Nahor (Nāʾūr) [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Terah (Tărăʾ) [6]
Zoroaster [13]	—	—	Zoroaster (Only Ahmadiyya) [14]	—	—	—	—
Ibráhím [13]	Abraham	ʾIbrāhīm	ʾIbrāhīm [8]	Abraham [15]	—	Abraham	ʾǍbrǎʾm [6]
—	—	Sāra	—	Sarah [15]	—	—	—
Ismá‘íl [9]	Ishmael	—	Ismā'īl [8]	—	—	—	Yišmaʿʾēl [6]
Isháq [9]	Isaac	—	ʾIsḥāq [8]	Isaac	—	Isaac	Yēṣʾåq [6]
Yaqúb [9]	Jacob	Yaʾqob	Yaqub [8]	Jacob [15]	—	Jacob	Yå̄ːqob [6]
Yusúf [16]	Joseph (debated)	—	Yusuf [8]	Joseph [15]	—	Joseph	Yūsef [6]
Lúta	Lot	—	Lut [8]	—	—	—	—
Ayyúb [9]	Job	Ayyūb	Ayub [8]	Job [15]	—	Job	—
—	Jeduthun [15]	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Asaph/Asoph	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Zebulun (Sabalān)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Levi (Lībi) [6]
—	—	Akhenaten (Ākhnātūn)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Amram (ʾÅmrām) [6]
—	Ruth	—	—	Ruth	—	Ruth	—
Shu'ayb [9]	Jethro	Shuʿayb	Shoaib [8]	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Bithiah [17]	—	—	—
Harún [18]	Aaron	—	Harun [8]	Aaron [15]	—	Aaron	Årron [6]
—	Miriam	—	—	Miriam [15]	—	Miriam	Maryåm [6]
Musá [13]	Moses	Mūsā	Musa [8]	Moses [15]	—	Moses	Moše [6]
—	Joshua (also, "Josue")	—	Yusha (debated) [8] [19]	Joshua [15]	—	—	Yēʾūša [6]
—	—	el-Khudar [n 1]	al-Khidr (debated) [20]	—	—	—	—
—	Eldad (debated	—	—	Eldad	—	—	Ildåd [6]
—	Medad (debated)	—	—	Medad	—	—	Mūdåd [6]
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Caleb (Kīlåb) [6]
—	Phinehas	—	—	Phinehas	—	—	—
—	Deborah	—	—	Deborah [15]	—	Deborah	—
—	Gideon (only Eastern Orthodox, and Armenian Apostolic)	—	—	Gideon	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Eli	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Elkanah	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Hannah [15]	—	—	—
—	Samuel	—	Syamuil [8]	Samuel [15]	—	Samuel	—
"Prophet of the Sabaeans" [21]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
"David" [9] [n 2]	David	—	Dawud [8]	King David [15]	—	David	—
—	—	—	—	Abigail [15]	—	—	—
Sulaymān [9]	Solomon (debated)	Sulaymān	Sulayman	King Solomon	—	Solomon	—
—	Ahijah HaShiloni	—	—	Ahijah HaShiloni	—	Ahijah HaShiloni	—
—	Hezekiah	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Mordecai	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Eliphaz (the Temanite) [22]	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Bildad (the Shuhite) [22]	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Zophar (the Naamathite) [22]	—	—	—
—	Elihu (debated)	—	—	Elihu (the Buzite) [22]	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Beor [22]	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	Balaam [15]	—	—	—
—	Gad	—	—	Gad [15]	—	Gad	—
—	Nathan	—	—	Nathan [15]	—	Nathan	—
—	Shemaiah	—	—	Shemaiah [15]	—	Shemiah	—
—	—	—	—	Hanani [15]	—	Hanani	—
—	Jehu	—	—	Jehu [15]	—	Jehu	—
—	Jahaziel/Chaziel (debated)	—	—	Jahaziel	—	Jahaziel	—
—	Eliezer (debated)	—	—	Eliezer	—	Eliezer	—
—	—	—	—	Ahiyah	—	—	—
—	Iddo	—	—	Iddo [15]	—	Iddo	—
—	—	—	—	Micaiah [15]	—	Micaiah	—
—	—	—	—	Obadiah [15]	—	Obadiah	—
—	Oded	—	—	Oded [15]	—	Oded	—
—	Azariah	—	—	Azariah	—	Azariah	—
—	Ezra/Esdras	—	Uzair [8] [23]	Ezra (Arabian Peninsula only, formerly)	—	—	—
—	Nehemiah	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	Jahaziel	—
—	Osee	—	—	Hosea [15]	—	Horsea	—
—	—	—	—	Huldah [15]	—	Huldah	—
—	—	—	—	Amos [15]	—	Amos	—
—	Micheas	—	—	Micah [15]	—	Micah	—
—	—	—	—	Amoz	—	—	—
Élyás [9]	Elijah/Elias	el-Khudar [n 1]	Ilyas [8]	Elijah [15]	—	Ellijah	—
—	Elisha	—	al-Yasa	Elisha [15]	—	Elisha	—
Yúnus (Jonas) [24]	Jonah/Jonas	—	Yunus [8]	Jonah [15]	—	Jonah	—
Búdá (Buddha) [25]	—	—	Buddha (Only Ahmadiyya) [26]	—	—	—	—
Íshiya [9]	Isaiah/Isaias	—	Ishaʻyā' [8]	Isaiah [15]	—	Isaiah	—
Ermíya [9]	Jeremiah/Jeremias	—	Irmiyā [8]	Jeremiah [15]	—	Jeremiah	—
—	Zephaniah/Sophonias	—	—	Zephaniah [15]	—	Zephaniah	—
—	Nahum	—	—	Nahum	—	Nahum	—
—	Habakkuk/Habacuc	—	Ḥabaqūq	Habakkuk [15]	—	Habakkuk	—
Za'l Kifl [9]	Ezekiel/Ezechiel	—	Dhul-Kifl [8]	Ezekiel [15]	—	Ezekiel	—
—	Uriah	—	—	Uriah [15]	—	Uriah	—
—	Baruch ben Neriah	—	—	Baruch ben Neriah	—	Baruch ben Neriah	—
—	Neriah	—	—	Neriah	—	Neriah	—
—	Seraiah	—	—	Seraiah	—	Seraiah	—
—	Haggai/Aggeus	—	—	Haggai [15]	—	Haggai	—
Zechariah [27]	Zechariah/Zacharias (debated)	—	—	Zechariah (Zekaryah) [15]	—	Zechariah	—
—	Malachi/Malachias	—	—	Malachi [15]	—	Malachi	—
—	Esther	—	—	Esther [15]	—	—	—
Yu'íl [9]	Joel	—	—	Joel [15]	—	Joel	—
Danyál [9]	Daniel	—	Daniyal [8] [28]	—	—	Daniel	—
—	—	al-Ya'fūrī	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lehi (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Nephi, son of Lehi (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jacob (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Enos (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jarom (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Omni (Book of Mormon record keeper) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Amaron (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Chemish (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Abinadom (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Amaleki (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Neum (Book of Mormon) [29] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Zenos (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Zenock (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	King Benjamin (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	King Mosiah II [30] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ammon (Book of Mormon missionary) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Abinadi (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Alma the Elder (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Alma the Younger (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Aaron (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Omner (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Himni (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ammon (Book of Mormon explorer) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Amulek (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Zeezrom (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Helaman [31] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Shiblon [32] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Corianton (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Helaman II (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Nephi, son of Helaman (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lehi, son of Helaman (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Zechariah (the Priest) [33]	—	Zakariya [8]	—	—	Zechariah	—
—	Anna	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Agabus	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Agur	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Samuel the Lamanite (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lachoneus the Chief Judge [34] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Pythagoras (Fīṯāḡūras)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	Confucius (Only Ahmadiyya)	—	—	—	—
—	—	Parmenides (Bārminīdes)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Empedocles (ʾAmbadūqlīs)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Alexander (al-ʾIskandar)	Dhu al-Qarnayn (debated)	—	—	—	—
—	—	Aristotle (ʾArisṭūṭālīs)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Plato (ʾAflāṭūn)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Socrates (Suqrāṭ)	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mary (debated)	—	Maryam (debated) [35] [36]	—	—	—	—
Yúna [37]	John (the Baptist) [38]	el-Khudar [n 1]	Yahya ibn Zakariyya [8]	—	Yuhana Maṣbana	John (the Baptist)	—
Jesus Christ [39]	Jesus Christ	Isā	Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, son of Mary) [8]	—	—	Jesus of Nazareth	—
—	—	Luke the Evangelist (Lūqā)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Matthew the Apostle (Mattā)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Mark the Apostle (Marqus)	—	—	—	—	—
—	John of Patmos (except Syriac Orthodox Church)	—	—	—	—	John of Patmos	—
—	Judas Barsabbas	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Barnabas	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Simeon Niger	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Lucius of Cyrene	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Manahen	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Silas	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Philip the Evangelist	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Plotinus (ʾAflūṭīn)	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Democrates	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Marqah (Mårqe) [6]
—	Gidgiddoni [40] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Nephi the Disciple (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Timothy, son of Nephi (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Nephi, son of Nephi the Disciple (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jonas, the son of Nephi (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mathoni [41] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mathonihah [42] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Kumen [43] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Kumenonhi [44] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jeremiah (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Shemnon [45] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Jonas (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Zedekiah (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Isaiah (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Amos, son of Nephi (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Amos, son of Amos (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ammaron (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mormon (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Moroni (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Mahonri Moriancumer [46] [47] [48] (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ether (Book of Mormon prophet) (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Muhammad [13] [49]	—	Muhammad	Muhammad [8]	—	—	—	—
—	—	Salman al-Farsi	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Ali	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	al-Hākim	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Hamza	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Muḥammad ibn Wahb al-Qurashī	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Abū'l-Khayr Salama ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Samurri	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad at-Tamīmī	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Bahāʾ al-Dīn	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	Ad-Darazi	—	—	—	—	—
—	Joseph Smith (only Mormonism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Deganawida [50] (Native American Baháʼís)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Báb [51]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Bahá'u'lláh [52]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	Ellen G. White (only Seventh-day Adventistism)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	Marcus Garvey	—
—	—	—	Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (only Ahmadiyya) [53]	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	Haile Selassie I	—
—	—	—	Noble Drew Ali (only Moorish Scientists) [54]	—	—	—	—
—	Felix Manalo (only Iglesia ni Cristo)	—	—	—	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	Vernon Carrington (Prophet Gad)	—
—	—	—	Elijah Muhammad (only Nation of Islam) [55]	—	—	—	—

See also

• Books of the Bible
• List of burial places of Abrahamic figures
• List of founders of religious traditions
• People of the Book

List of Prophets

• Prophets in Judaism
• Prophets of Christianity
  • List of Book of Mormon prophets
• Prophets and messengers in Islam
  • Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)
• Prophets in the Baháʼí Faith

Notes

1. Druze entitle at least four prophets as el-Khudar ("the green one") in the belief that they all represented a reincarnating prophet. These prophets, in order, were Elijah, John the Baptist, Saint George, and Sidna Abu Ibrahim.
2. The Baháʼí Manifestation of God known as 'David' is not the same individual as King David - as is the case with the other religions listed here. This David, according to Báb, lived before Moses.

References

1. "ENOCH - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
2. In Judaism and Islam the classification of some people as prophets includes those who are not explicitly called so in the Hebrew Bible or Quran. Judaism also uses religious texts other than the Hebrew Bible to define prophets. Moreover, Orthodox rabbis use different criteria for classifying someone as a prophet, e.g. Enoch is not considered a prophet in Judaism. The New Testament may call someone a prophet even though they are not so classified in the Hebrew Bible; for example, Abel, Daniel, and Enoch are described in the New Testament as prophets.
3. Smith, Peter (2000). "Adam". A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN   978-1-78074-480-3. OCLC   890982216 . Retrieved 2021-06-26– via Google Books.
4. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (2014) [1908]. Some Answered Questions (newly revised. ed.). Haifa, Israel: Baháʼí World Centre. ISBN   978-0-87743-374-3.
5. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 15.
6. Prophets
7. Brown, Keven (1997). McLean, Jack (ed.). "Hermes Trismegistus and Apollonius of Tyana in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh". Studies in the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions. Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology. 8. Los Angeles: Kalimat Press: 153–187. ISBN   0-933770-96-0 – via Bahá'í Library Online.
8. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, pp. 365–6.
9. May, Dann J (December 1993). "Web Published". The Baháʼí Principle of Religious Unity and the Challenge of Radical Pluralism (Thesis). University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. p. 102. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
10. Smith, Peter (2000). "Manifestations of God". A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 231. ISBN   1-85168-184-1.
11. Esslemont, J. E. (1980). Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 2. ISBN   0-87743-160-4.
12. Lecture Sialkot Pages 33-34
13. Momen, Moojan (1995). Baha'u'llah's Prophetology: Archetypal patterns in the lives of the founders of the world religions . Baháʼí Studies Review, 5.1.
14. "Zoroastrianism".
15. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 366.
16. Stokes, Jim. The Story of Joseph in the Babi and Baha'i Faiths in World Order, 29:2, pp. 25-42, 1997-98 Winter.
17. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 12
18. Dunbar, Hooper C. (1998). A Companion to the Study of the Kitáb-i-Íqán. Oxford, United Kingdom: George Ronald. p. 112. ISBN   0-85398-430-1.
19. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 178. "Joshua is not mentioned by name in the Quaran, but the exegetes ... see him as the prophetic successor to Moses."
20. "15. The Ethos of Prophet Khidr". 8 June 2015.
21. Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. The Sabaeans and African-based Religions in the Americas , in Lights of Irfan, 13, pp. 415-420. Wilmette, IL: Haj Mehdi Armand Colloquium, 2012.
22. Babylonian Talmud, Baba Bathra 15
23. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 116. "Muslim exegesis on Q 9:30 explains that Ezra was one of the Israelite prophets coming between Solomon and John the Baptist."
24. 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Tablet about Jonah and the Whale .
25. Buddhism and the Baháʼí Faith
26. "Buddha and Jesus". 2000-02-16.
27. Cynthia C. Shawamreh (December 1998). "Comparison of the Suriy-i-Haykal and the Prophecies of Zechariah". Wilmette Institute.
28. Noegel & Wheeler 2010, p. 75. "Daniel is not mentioned by name in the Quran, nor are any passages identified by Muslim exegetes as relating to him, but there are accounts of his prophethood in later Muslim literature."
29. churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «nē´um»
30. Mosiah8:13-17
31. Mosiah1:2
32. Alma 63:1-2, Book of Mormon
33. Православный церковный календарь. Имена святых, упоминаемые в месяцеслове. Имена мужские. З — Захария (Праведный) (in Russian)
34. 3 Nephi 3:16-19, Book of Mormon
35. Farooq, Mohammad Omar. "Imam Ibn Hazm: On Prophethood of Women". Archived from the original on 2005-03-12.
36. Ibrahim, Mohammed Zayki (2015). "Ibn Ḥazm's theory of prophecy of women: Literalism, logic, and perfection". Intellectual Discourse. 23 (1). IIUM Press: 76–77. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.831.1259 . eISSN   2289-5639. ISSN   0128-4878.
37. McLean, Jack (2013). John the Baptist and Baha'i Prophetic Categories: An Atypical Paradigm .
38. Православный церковный календарь. Имена святых, упоминаемые в месяцеслове. Имена мужские. И — Иоанн (Пророк, Предтеча и Креститель Господень) (in Russian)
39. Stockman, Robert. Jesus Christ in the Bahá'í Writings , in Baháʼí Studies Review, 2:1, Association for Baha'i Studies English-Speaking Europe, London, 1992.
40. 3 Nephi 3:18-19, Book of Mormon
41. churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «ma-thō´nī»
42. churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «măth-ō-nī´hä»
43. "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «kū´mun»
44. churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «kū´ma-nän´hī»
45. churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «shĕm´nän»
46. "The Jaredites," The Juvenile Instructor, [1 May 1892], p. 282 n.
47. Chapter 48, Book of Mormon Student Manual, Religion 121 and 122, 1996
48. "Understanding the Scriptures", "Ether 2 The Jaredites Build Barges", Book of Mormon Seminary Student Study Guide, [2000]
49. Momen, Moojan (2000). Islam and the Baháʼí Faith. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN   0-85398-446-8.
50. Buck, Christopher; Addison Donald. Messengers of God in North America, Revisited: An Exegesis of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tablet to Amír Khán , in Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1, pp. 180–270, Association for Baha'i Studies of New Zealand, 2007.
51. Martin, Douglas. The Mission of the Báb: Retrospective 1844-1994 , in Bahá'í World, Vol. 23 (1994–1995).
52. Hatcher, W.S.; Martin, J.D. (2002). The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN   0-06-065441-4.
53. Simon Ross Valentine (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice. Columbia University Press. p. 134. ISBN   978-1-85065-916-7.
54. Paghdiwala, Tasneem (2007-11-15). "The Aging of the Moors". Chicago Reader . Retrieved 2017-09-17.
55. African American Religious Leaders – Jim Haskins, Kathleen Benson. 2008. p. 76.

Bibliography

• Noegel, Scott; Wheeler, Brannon (2010). The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN   9781461718956.