Tornado outbreak of November 4–5, 2022

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Tornado outbreak of November 4–5, 2022
Tornado outbreak of November 4-5, 2022.png
Map of tornado warnings and confirmed tornadoes from the outbreak
Type Tornado outbreak
Winter storm
DurationNovember 4–5, 2022
Highest winds
Tornadoes
confirmed
31
Max. rating1 EF4 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2
21 hours, 40 minutes
Largest hail2.75 in (7.0 cm) near East Tawakoni, Texas, on November 4
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion
12 in (30 cm) in Longs Peak, Colorado, on November 3–4 [1]
Fatalities2 fatalities (+1 non-tornadic); 34+ injuries
Power outages88,000 [2]
Areas affected Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois

1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

A significant late-season tornado outbreak took place on November 4, 2022, across Northeast Texas, southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and northwestern Louisiana with multiple large, destructive tornadoes occurring over a span of several hours. Major damage was reported in Sulphur Springs, Powderly, Caviness, Paris, Cason, Daingerfield, Athens, New Boston, Texas, and Idabel, Oklahoma, with the latter two communities being placed under tornado emergencies. Two fatalities occurred in Cason, Texas, and Pickens, Oklahoma, respectively. Numerous PDS tornado warnings were issued as well. An additional tornado embedded within a narrow, but intense line of showers with damaging winds was also confirmed in Illinois the following morning as the system progressed eastward. Strong winds affected most of the western Great Lakes throughout the day before moving into Canada that evening. Two fatalities and at least 34 injuries were confirmed from tornadoes, [3] [4] and an additional fatality occurred near Stilwell, Oklahoma, from drowning. [5]

Contents

Meteorological synopsis

Storm Prediction Center Severe Weather Outlook for November 4. Storm Prediction Center Severe Weather Outlook for November 4, 2022.jpg
Storm Prediction Center Severe Weather Outlook for November 4.

The risk for a late-season severe weather event first became apparent on October 29 when the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) delineated a threat area across portions of the United States Southern Plains. [6] With some time, computer weather models began to indicate the potential for a significant outbreak of severe thunderstorms farther east across portions of Northeastern Texas, Southeastern Oklahoma, and Southwestern Arkansas. On November 2, the SPC issued a Day 3 slight risk outlook, which had a rare upgrade to enhanced, highlighting a small corridor centered along northeastern Texas, extreme southeastern Oklahoma, southwestern Arkansas, and northwestern Louisiana. Elevated helicity, expected to be around 250 m2/s2, was expected to be coupled with a 50+ kt low-level jet in the area, providing the necessary ingredients for sustained supercells and embedded QLCS rotations, noting the possibilities for tornadoes, some significant. [7] Tornadoes were expected to be most probable with any supercell that managed to spawn ahead of an expected cold front.

The next day, at 0600 UTC, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk area, while introducing a 10% hatched risk for tornadoes (indicating an elevated probability for strong tornadoes to occur), centered in northeastern Texas, and southeastern Oklahoma. With the newer models, more substantial destabilization was expected across the I-35 corridor, giving more favorable patterns for semi-discrete supercell structures to develop. Moisture, provided by sufficient daylight heating, was expected to mix with the predicted low-level jet, at around 500mb, would further improve the conditions for supercells. [8] For the 1700 UTC outlook, the SPC increased the overall area of risk for significant tornadoes, now including regions of southwestern Arkansas. [9]

The SPC issued a level 4/Moderate risk of severe weather for this region on the afternoon of November 4. Water vapor imagery the morning of the event depicted a large upper-level trough moving across New Mexico, with accompanied mid-level winds upwards of 80–90 kn (90–105 mph; 150–165 km/h) entering Western Texas. At the surface, the expected, stout cold front was progressing southward across Southern Oklahoma. In the warm sector ahead of this feature, southerly low-level winds supplied the northward transport of moisture. Morning atmospheric soundings from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex indicated the presence of a stout capping inversion. [10] However, the combination of that rich moisture – with dewpoints in the upper 60s to lower 70s Fahrenheit – and cooling mid-level temperatures were expected to foster modest destabilization of the atmosphere despite widespread cloud cover. [11] Mid-level convective available potential energy values were forecast to reach 1,000–2,000 J/kg. [10]

Rotational tracks of supercells moving into Arkansas Rotational tracks.gif
Rotational tracks of supercells moving into Arkansas

At 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT), the SPC issued the first of several weather watches across the Southern Plains, warning of the potential for a few intense tornadoes across the level 4/Moderate risk area. [12] As the capping inversion eroded, a band of thunderstorms began to develop south of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and progress eastward. [13] Given the favorable confluence of strong wind shear, deep moisture, and instability, this band organized into distinct and significant supercell thunderstorms across the ArkLaTex region. [14] Numerous tornadoes were observed, some of which were large and destructive, notably in the cities of Powderly and New Boston in Texas, and Idabel, Oklahoma; rare tornado emergencies were issued for the latter two cities. [15] While concerns about additional supercell development shifted eastward into Southern Arkansas and Northern Louisiana, [16] forecasters warned of an increasing damaging wind threat across Western and Central Arkansas. [17]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFUEF0EF1EF2EF3EF4EF5Total
1415722031

November 4 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Friday, November 4, 2022 [a]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax widthSummary
EF1 Calera Bryan OK 33°54′43″N96°27′29″W / 33.912°N 96.458°W / 33.912; -96.458 (Calera (Nov. 4, EF1)) 18:30–18:343.4 mi (5.5 km)40 yd (37 m)A mobile home was overturned and destroyed, other mobile homes were damaged, and a semi-truck and trailer were thrown into the median of US 69 near the beginning of the path. Utility poles were snapped, and highway signs and billboards were damaged as well. The tornado moved northeast and through the western sections of Calera. Damage in town was primarily to trees, although two homes were significantly damaged by falling trees. Some other homes suffered shingle damage as well. [18]
EF4SW of Brookston, TX to Midcity, TX to ESE of Spencerville, OK Lamar (TX), Choctaw (OK) TX, OK 33°35′58″N95°44′56″W / 33.5995°N 95.749°W / 33.5995; -95.749 (Brookston (Nov. 4, EF4)) 21:16–22:1244.71 mi (71.95 km)1,700 yd (1,600 m) See section on this tornado – Eleven people were injured. [19]
EF1W of Dougherty to WNW of Bonanza Rains, Hopkins TX 32°57′16″N95°47′34″W / 32.9545°N 95.7928°W / 32.9545; -95.7928 (Dougherty (Nov. 4, EF1)) 22:08–22:144.38 mi (7.05 km)150 yd (140 m)A carport and many large trees were damaged. [20]
EF2SW of Sulphur Springs Hopkins TX 33°00′26″N95°43′47″W / 33.0072°N 95.7297°W / 33.0072; -95.7297 (Sulphur Springs (Nov. 4, EF2)) 22:15–22:192.9 mi (4.7 km)160 yd (150 m)A relatively narrow but strong tornado touched down almost immediately after the previous tornado dissipated, snapping trees and causing significant damage to multiple houses in the Greenview community. One of the homes had roof and exterior wall loss, and another residence was pushed off its foundation. [21]
EF2S of Malakoff to NE of Athens Henderson TX 32°06′29″N96°00′16″W / 32.1080°N 96.0044°W / 32.1080; -96.0044 (Athens (Nov. 4, EF2)) 22:35–22:5815.05 mi (24.22 km)150 yd (140 m)A wedding venue was damaged south of Malakoff before this heavy rain-wrapped tornado moved towards Athens. Numerous homes and outbuildings were damaged in and around Athens, and a Dollar General store had its windows blown out. The Athens Steel Building Corporation, housed in a large metal warehouse building, had major roof damage and sustained collapse of the southern part of the structure. More structures were damaged after the tornado exited Athens before it dissipated just southwest of Murchison. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along the path. [22]
EF2SE of Pickens to NW of Battiest McCurtain OK 34°23′27″N94°59′27″W / 34.3908°N 94.9909°W / 34.3908; -94.9909 (Pickens (Nov. 4, EF2)) 22:46–22:492.83 mi (4.55 km)800 yd (730 m)1 death – Shortly after touching down, this tornado destroyed a chicken house, tore large sections of roof off a home, and snapped hardwood trees. The tornado then flipped and destroyed a tied-down double-wide mobile home, resulting in a fatality. One person was also injured at this location, and a nearby vehicle was rolled. Additional trees were snapped before the tornado dissipated. [23]
EF1E of Honobia McCurtain, LeFlore OK 34°27′28″N94°56′38″W / 34.4578°N 94.9439°W / 34.4578; -94.9439 (Honobia (Nov. 4, EF1)) 22:51–23:0711.3 mi (18.2 km)1,600 yd (1,500 m)A nearly mile-wide tornado snapped and uprooted numerous trees. A few homes were damaged and several outbuildings were destroyed. [24]
EF4SW of Bogata, TX to Idabel, OK to NE of Eagletown, OK Red River (TX), McCurtain (OK) TX, OK 33°30′17″N95°14′30″W / 33.5047°N 95.2418°W / 33.5047; -95.2418 (Clarksville (Nov. 4, EF4)) 23:15–00:2160.23 mi (96.93 km)1,056 yd (966 m) See section on this tornado — A total of 13 people were injured. [25]
EF1E of Heavener LeFlore OK 34°52′16″N94°35′20″W / 34.871°N 94.589°W / 34.871; -94.589 (Heavener (Nov. 4, EF1)) 23:33–23:416.5 mi (10.5 km)900 yd (820 m)This tornado touched down just southeast of Heavener, where several homes were damaged, and outbuildings were destroyed. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted as the tornado moved northeast into heavily wooded, mountainous terrain. [26]
EF1ESE of Pittsburg Camp TX 32°56′45″N94°52′16″W / 32.9458°N 94.8712°W / 32.9458; -94.8712 (Pittsburg (Nov. 4, EF1)) 23:38–23:412.22 mi (3.57 km)350 yd (320 m)Trees were uprooted by this relatively brief tornado. The same supercell would produce the Cason EF3 tornado shortly after this one dissipated. [27] [28]
EF3S of Cason to E of Naples Morris, Cass TX 33°01′18″N94°48′57″W / 33.0218°N 94.8157°W / 33.0218; -94.8157 (Cason (Nov. 4, EF3)) 23:44–00:0616.91 mi (27.21 km)650 yd (590 m)1 death – See section on this tornado — Eight people were injured. [27] [29]
EF1NE of Winslow Washington AR 35°49′44″N94°03′14″W / 35.829°N 94.054°W / 35.829; -94.054 (Winslow (Nov. 4, EF1)) 23:53–00:006.5 mi (10.5 km)1,000 yd (910 m)This tornado moved through wooded and rugged terrain, uprooting trees and snapping a few power poles before dissipating. [30]
EF1SW of Mansfield to NE of Huntington Sebastian AR 35°01′08″N94°16′19″W / 35.019°N 94.272°W / 35.019; -94.272 (Mansfield (Nov. 4, EF1)) 23:58–00:075.8 mi (9.3 km)1,000 yd (910 m)This high-end EF1 tornado struck Mansfield, where tree damage occurred and 16 homes were damaged, some significantly. Trees were snapped or uprooted at the east edge of Huntington and elsewhere along the path. Several outbuildings were damaged, power poles were downed, and a house between the two towns sustained considerable roof damage. [31]
EF3W of Simms to N of New Boston Bowie TX 33°18′59″N94°33′45″W / 33.3163°N 94.5625°W / 33.3163; -94.5625 (New Boston (Nov. 4, EF3)) 00:17–00:3815.65 mi (25.19 km)800 yd (730 m) See section on this tornado [32]
EF0NE of Huntsville Madison AR 36°06′54″N93°41′49″W / 36.115°N 93.697°W / 36.115; -93.697 (Huntsville (Nov. 4, EF0)) 00:20–00:221.3 mi (2.1 km)150 yd (140 m)A poultry barn received damage to its roof, and multiple trees were uprooted. [33]
EFU Fort Chaffee Sebastian, Franklin AR 35°13′41″N94°05′56″W / 35.228°N 94.099°W / 35.228; -94.099 (Fort Chaffee (Nov. 4, EFU)) 00:22–00:282.5 mi (4.0 km)150 yd (140 m)Tree damage occurred at Fort Chaffee, though the tornado moved through an area that was inaccessible to the damage survey team, and no intensity rating was assigned. [34]
EF2SW of Hughes Springs to W of Douglassville Cass TX 32°58′58″N94°38′42″W / 32.9829°N 94.645°W / 32.9829; -94.645 (Hughes Springs (Nov. 4, EF1)) 00:37–01:0019.67 mi (31.66 km)700 yd (640 m)The tornado first struck the town of Hughes Springs, inflicting considerable damage to homes, heavily damaging some outbuildings and the fire station in town, and downing trees and power poles. The tornado reached peak strength shortly after it exited town, as two homes sustained loss of their roofs, including one that had some exterior walls partially knocked over. The tornado then weakened and downed numerous trees as it continued through sparsely populated areas. However, the tornado re-intensified near Cusseta, and countless large trees were snapped and twisted in this area, while a structure was damaged to a lesser degree. The tornado then weakened again, causing additional tree damage before dissipating over SH 77. [35]
EF1NW of Branch Franklin AR 35°20′24″N93°54′47″W / 35.340°N 93.913°W / 35.340; -93.913 (Branch (Nov. 4, EF1)) 00:38–00:423.3 mi (5.3 km)350 yd (320 m)A few homes were damaged, outbuildings were destroyed, and trees were snapped or uprooted. [36]
EF0W of Etna Franklin AR 35°22′12″N93°54′00″W / 35.370°N 93.900°W / 35.370; -93.900 (Etna (Nov. 4, EF0)) 00:41–00:431.7 mi (2.7 km)150 yd (140 m)Outbuildings were damaged and tree branches were snapped. [37]
EF1SE of Wickes Polk AR 34°17′10″N94°18′49″W / 34.2862°N 94.3135°W / 34.2862; -94.3135 (Wickes (Nov. 4, EF1)) 00:43–00:451.8 mi (2.9 km)200 yd (180 m)Several chicken houses had their roof panels ripped off, and one had its walls collapsed. Tree damage occurred along US 278 before the tornado dissipated. [38]
EF1 Green Forest Carroll AR 36°18′25″N93°29′20″W / 36.307°N 93.489°W / 36.307; -93.489 (Green Forest (Nov. 4, EF1)) 00:43–00:518.5 mi (13.7 km)1,100 yd (1,000 m)This tornado moved directly through Green Forest, where many homes had roof damage and broken windows, and one house had its garage door pushed in. A few businesses in town sustained minor damage, while fences and light poles were bent at a baseball field. Additional damage occurred outside of town, where several outbuildings and poultry barns were damaged or destroyed, and a few homes were damaged as well. Many trees and some power poles were downed along the path. [39]
EF1W of Denning Franklin, Logan AR 35°24′58″N93°49′44″W / 35.416°N 93.829°W / 35.416; -93.829 (Denning (Nov. 4, EF1)) 00:46–00:513.1 mi (5.0 km)1,100 yd (1,000 m)Trees were uprooted, tree branches were snapped, and large round hay bales were moved. [40]
EF2SW of Center Point to N of Briar Howard AR 34°01′04″N93°58′35″W / 34.0178°N 93.9763°W / 34.0178; -93.9763 (Center Point (Nov. 4, EF2)) 01:37–01:438.14 mi (13.10 km)200 yd (180 m)To the west of Center Point, some chicken houses were badly damaged, a metal outbuilding was destroyed, and other outbuildings were damaged. Carports were torn from homes as well, one of which was thrown 100 yd (91 m). The most intense damage occurred as the tornado crossed US 278, where a free-standing communications tower was toppled to the ground and a mobile home was destroyed at low-end EF2 intensity. Numerous large trees were snapped or uprooted as the tornado moved through densely-forested areas before it dissipated near Briar. This tornado was very fast-moving and had an average forward speed of 81.6 miles per hour (131.3 km/h). [41]
EF1SW of Bluffton Yell AR 34°51′50″N93°39′19″W / 34.8638°N 93.6553°W / 34.8638; -93.6553 (Bluffton (Nov. 4, EF1)) 01:49–01:533.7 mi (6.0 km)600 yd (550 m)A mobile home was damaged, a carport was destroyed, and trees were snapped or uprooted along the path. [42]
EF2SE of Kirby Pike AR 34°13′47″N93°38′00″W / 34.2297°N 93.6332°W / 34.2297; -93.6332 (Kirby (Nov. 4, EF2)) 02:08–02:101.7 mi (2.7 km)75 yd (69 m)A barn was completely destroyed and many trees were snapped or uprooted by this brief low-end EF2 tornado. Power lines were downed, and a metal outbuilding sustained minor roof damage. [43]
EF1NW of Plainview Yell AR 35°00′27″N93°20′12″W / 35.0074°N 93.3366°W / 35.0074; -93.3366 (Plainview (Nov. 4, EF1)) 02:15–02:182.3 mi (3.7 km)100 yd (91 m)Trees were snapped or uprooted, a double-wide manufactured home had its roof damaged, and an outbuilding was completely destroyed. [44]
EF1NE of Gurdon to E of Gum Springs Clark AR 33°58′20″N93°03′42″W / 33.9722°N 93.0618°W / 33.9722; -93.0618 (Gurdon (Nov. 4, EF1)) 03:00–03:077.7 mi (12.4 km)200 yd (180 m)An old church building was shifted slightly off its block foundation, a house sustained minor damage, and numerous trees were downed. [45]
EF1S of Malvern Hot Spring AR 34°16′05″N92°49′32″W / 34.268°N 92.8255°W / 34.268; -92.8255 (Malvern (Nov. 4, EF1)) 03:27–03:280.4 mi (0.64 km)150 yd (140 m)A brief tornado snapped trees and inflicted minor damage to a metal outbuilding. [46]
EF0N of Spring Ridge Caddo LA 32°19′00″N93°57′29″W / 32.3166°N 93.9581°W / 32.3166; -93.9581 (Spring Ridge (Nov. 4, EF0)) 03:57–03:591.26 mi (2.03 km)70 yd (64 m)This brief tornado tore roof shingles and siding from a home and snapped numerous tree branches. [47]
EF2SE of Sardis Saline AR 34°30′50″N92°24′05″W / 34.5138°N 92.4014°W / 34.5138; -92.4014 (Sardis (Nov. 4, EF2)) 04:04–04:061.6 mi (2.6 km)200 yd (180 m)A brief but strong tornado damaged several homes, two of which were completely unroofed. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted as well. [48]

November 5 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, November 5, 2022 [a]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax width
EF0SW of Big Rock Kendall, Kane IL 41°43′02″N88°34′24″W / 41.7172°N 88.5733°W / 41.7172; -88.5733 (Big Rock (Nov. 5, EF0)) 16:06–16:103.7 mi (6.0 km)100 yd (91 m)
Trees and power lines were downed sporadically, and a barn sustained roof damage. [49]

Brookston–Caviness–Midcity–Arthur City, Texas/Sawyer, Oklahoma

Notes

    1. 1 2 All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

    References

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    48. National Weather Service in Little Rock, Arkansas (2022). [Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
    49. National Weather Service in Chicago, Illinois (2022). [Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 21, 2023.National Weather Service in Chicago, Illinois (2022). [Illinois Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
    50. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's finalized damage survey (Caviness EF4 tornado):
    51. "NWS Damage Survey for 11/04/22 Tornado Event Update #3". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
    52. "NWS Damage Survey for 11/04/22 Tornado Event Update #3". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service in Fort Worth, Texas. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
    53. 1 2 3 "NWS Damage Survey for 11/04/22 Tornado Event Update 4". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service in Tulsa, Oklahoma. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
    54. "[3:46 PM 11/5/22] NWS team is currently in Choctaw county surveying tornado damage from yesterday's storms. We will likely have additional updates this evening as more information becomes available. At least 5 confirmed tornadoes occurred Friday across SE OK/NW AR". Twitter. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
    55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "ArcGIS Web Application". apps.dat.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
    56. 1 2 "NWS Damage Survey for 11/04/22 Tornado Event - Update #7". Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service in Shreveport, Louisiana. November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
    57. 1 2 Timmer, Reed (November 5, 2022). "TORNADO OUTBREAK nocturnal tornado and damage survey Texas and Oklahoma". youtube.com. Dr. Reed Timmer. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
    58. "Asking prayers this morning for all who suffered losses last evening by tornadoes. Darryl A. Thompson lost everything in his shop apartment he was living in while renovating his house- tornado wiped it out down to the slab & extensive damage to the house as well. I'll be helping him today in New Boston to see if anything can be salvaged. 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻 I'm still without power this morning but thankful for the generator I have". Facebook. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
    59. "The morning of the 100-car pileup: what happened on 6th Ave.?". Denverite. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
    60. I-70 closed on Vail Pass as snow blasts high country, SteamBoatPass, November 3, 2022
    61. "This part of Texas saw snow during Friday's storms". kcentv.com. November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
    62. Weather Blog: Friday-Saturday storm produces heavy rain, 1st snowflakes of 2022, what is next?, KSHB, November 5, 2022
    63. Here's how much rain fell on Friday and Saturday, WeareIowa, November 5, 2022
    64. "Severe thunderstorm warnings expire, hail reported". FOX6 News Milwaukee. November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
    65. "Summary of High Wind Event on November 5, 2022". National Weather Service Central Illinois. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
    66. "November 5, 2022: Damaging Winds Sweep across Northern Illinois and Northwestern Indiana". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
    67. "Texas Eagle Train 22, which departed San Antonio (SAS) on 11/4, is stopped north of McGregor (MCG) due to severe weather warnings in the area. We will provide updates as information becomes available". Twitter. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
    68. "UPDATE: Texas Eagle Train 22, which departed San Antonio (SAS) on 11/4, is back on the move and is currently operating approx. 4 hours late". Twitter. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
    Brookston–Caviness–Midcity—Arthur City, Texas/Sawyer, Oklahoma