Argenteuil: Éditions Arda. ISBN2-911979-03-6. Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton.
2020
An Hobbit, pe, Eno ha Distro
Revised by Alan Dipode and Joshua Tyra
Dundee: Evertype. ISBN978-1-78201-269-6 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-268-9 (pb). Revised and corrected edition. Breton maps, runes, and captions by Michael Everson. Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton. Includes all of Tolkien's illustrations with Breton captions. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kaozeadenn gant Smaog') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Breton. Includes glossaries and translators' notes.
The runes and both maps (the one for the Wildlands and the other one for the Lonely Mountain) are in Catalan. Some names, though, remain in English (such as Baggins or Took, which in The Lord of the Rings are translated as Saquet and Tuc respectively). Published by La Magrana (Edicions de la Magrana, SA. Pàdua, 83, 08006, Barcelona) in April 1983 (first edition); the last edition was in May 2001 (20th edition). ISBN84-8264-277-4.
Cathair na Mart: Evertype, ISBN978-1-78201-090-6 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-089-0 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Cornish; the runes are translated into Cornish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kescows gans Smawg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Cornish.
Christopher Gledhill, poems translated by William Auld
Portlaoise: Evertype, ISBN978-1-78201-110-1 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-109-5 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Esperanto; the runes are translated into Esperanto. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Konversacio kun Smaŭg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Esperanto.
Hoyvík: Stíðin. Both maps translated into Faroese. The runic text was replaced with (Faroese) medieval dotted runes and translated into Faroese. Tolkien's pictures left as they were, Faroese translation added below.
ჰობიტი ანუ იქით და აქეთ (Hobitʼi anu ikit da aket)
Nino Bardzimishvili, poems translated by Tinatin Gogochashvili
Tbilisi: Otar Karalashvili. 2002. ISBN printed on the cover and in the book (99928-0-302-0) is invalid. Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian.
Nika Samushia, poems translated by Tsitso Khotsuashvili.
Tbilisi: Bakur Sulakauri Publishing. 2009. ISBN978-9941-403-41-5. Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian. John Howe's illustration on the cover.
Portlaoise: Evertype, ISBN978-1-78201-092-0 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-091-3 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Hawaiian; the runes are translated into Hawaiian. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ke Kūkā ʻana me Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Hawaiian.
Ganei-Aviv: Zmora-Bitan (זמורה – ביתן). Contains no maps. Four Israeli combat pilots, held as prisoners of war in Egypt between 1970 and 1973, whiled away their time of captivity by translating "The Hobbit" to Hebrew from a book sent to one of them by family members, via the Red Cross. The Pilots' Translation was published in Tel-Aviv following their return, and many Israeli critics still consider it the better of the first two Hebrew translations.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Reworked in 2006 under the title A hobbit – "Egyszer oda, aztán vissza" by Tamás Füzessy with the introduction and annotations of Douglas A. Anderson (translated by Zsuzsanna Ürmössy). ( ISBN963-539-515-9)
This translation was originally published in 2006 with a terminology consistent with that of the Ádám Réz/Árpád Göncz translation of The Lord of the Rings (A Gyűrűk Ura) ( ISBN963-07-8162-X). It uses the old Hungarian alphabet instead of English runes.
After the revision of the Hungarian terminology of The Lord of the Rings in 2008, changes were also incorporated into this translation and was republished in 2011 without illustrations and with the English runes restored ( ISBN978-963-07-9336-0).
Cathair na Mart: Evertype, ISBN978-1-904808-90-9 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-033-3 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Irish; the runes are translated into Irish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ag Comhrá le Smóg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Irish.
Italian
1973
Lo hobbit, o la Riconquista del Tesoro
Elena Jeronimidis Conte
Milan: Adelphi Editions. ISBN88-459-0688-4. Contains both maps with place-names in Italian; the runes are translated into Italian. Spelling of "Smaug" changed into "Smog"; the trolls are referred to as "Uomini Neri" ("Black Men"); "Carrock" translated as "Carroccia" (from the Italian "roccia", "rock").
Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. (Various editions). Character and place names derived from common English usage tend to be rendered into Japanese, while those invented by Tolkien or difficult to translate are often transliterated directly into katakana spellings. Runes on Thrór's map are left in English, but absent altogether from the title page. Terms used here carry over into the Japanese edition of The Lord of the Rings, translated by Teiji Seta and Akiko Tanaka.
Tokyo: Hara Shobō. ISBN978-4-562-04866-3 Translation of The Annotated Hobbit. Maps in Japanese. Tolkien's illustrations are used, with English captions. Notes by Douglas Anderson (in Japanese). Written in the polite -masu form.
First edition published in 1991 ( ISBN5-410-00159-1) was large format hardcover children's book and featured high quality original illustrations by Latvian artist Laima Eglīte. Notably, elves were pictured as having wings and greenish skin.
Second edition was published in 2002 in soft cover ( ISBN9984-22-417-1) and contained traditional black and white illustrations drawn by J. R. R. Tolkien.
Soyombo Printing. ISBN99929-65-72-X ( 978-99929-65-72-X is listed in publication details). Privately published several times during 2nd decade of 21st century. No maps.
Portlaoise: Evertype, ISBN978-1-78201-120-0 (hb), ISBN978-1-78201-119-4 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Yiddish; the runes are translated into Yiddish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Shmuesen mit Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Yiddish.
The Cirth is a semi‑artificial script, based on real‑life runic alphabets, one of several scripts invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. Cirth is written with a capital letter when referring to the writing system; the letters themselves can be called cirth.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was an English writer and philologist. He was the author of the high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Christopher John Reuel Tolkien was an English and naturalised French academic editor. The son of author and academic J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien edited much of his father's posthumously published work, including The Silmarillion and the 12-volume series The History of Middle-Earth. Tolkien also drew the original maps for his father's The Lord of the Rings.
In the fantasy of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Dwarves are a race inhabiting Middle-earth, the central continent of Arda in an imagined mythological past. They are based on the dwarfs of Germanic myths who were small humanoids that lived in mountains, practising mining, metallurgy, blacksmithing and jewellery. Tolkien described them as tough, warlike, and lovers of stone and craftsmanship.
Ger is a Polish Hasidic dynasty originating from the town of Góra Kalwaria, Poland, where it was founded by Yitzchak Meir Alter (1798–1866), known as the "Chiddushei HaRim". Ger is a branch of Peshischa Hasidism, as Yitzchak Meir Alter was a leading disciple of Simcha Bunim of Peshischa (1765–1827). Before the Holocaust, followers of Ger were estimated to number in excess of 100,000, making it the largest and most influential Hasidic group in Poland. Today, the movement is based in Jerusalem, and its membership is estimated at 11,859 families, as of 2016, most of whom live in Israel, making Ger the largest Hasidic dynasty in Israel. However, there are also well-established Ger communities in the United States and in Europe. In 2019, some 300 families of followers led by Shaul Alter, split off from the dynasty led by his cousin Yaakov Aryeh Alter.
The Jerusalem Bible is an English translation of the Bible published in 1966 by Darton, Longman & Todd. As a Catholic Bible, it includes 73 books: the 39 books shared with the Hebrew Bible, along with the seven deuterocanonical books, as the Old Testament, and the 27 books shared by all Christians as the New Testament. It also contains copious footnotes and introductions.
Amos Kenan, also Amos Keinan, was an Israeli columnist, painter, sculptor, playwright and novelist.
The Sapir Prize for Literature of Israel is a prestigious annual literary award presented for a work of literature in the Hebrew language. The prize is awarded by Mifal HaPayis, and is a part of the organization's cultural initiatives. It bears the name of the late Pinhas Sapir, a former Finance Minister of Israel, and was first awarded in 2000.
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of languages from the original English. Tolkien, an expert in Germanic philology, scrutinized those that were under preparation during his lifetime, and made comments on early translations that reflect both the translation process and his work. To aid translators, and because he was unhappy with the work of early translators such as Åke Ohlmarks with his Swedish version, Tolkien wrote his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings in 1967; this was released publicly in 1975 in A Tolkien Compass, and again, retranscribed, in the 2005 book The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. The complexity of the book, the nature of Tolkien's prose style, and the many names of characters and places combine to make translation into any language a challenge. Linguists have examined translations into several languages, noting the specific difficulties in each case, and the choices and errors that translators have made.
The Zomet Institute is an Israeli high-tech non-profit organization specializing in IT equipment and electronic appliances designed to meet Halakha.
Shlomo Sand is an Israeli Emeritus Professor of History at Tel Aviv University.
Yair Qedar is an Israeli documentary filmmaker, social activist and former journalist. In his project "the Hebrews", he had been Chronicling the lives of Jewish and Israeli figures of the modern Hebrew literary canon, Qedar's 19 feature length documentaries have all premiered at film festivals and have won the director over 30 prizes. Also, Qedar is a leading LGBTQ activist. He created several Queer films and the first Israeli LGBTQ newspaper.
Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy. The term is equivalent to the Miðgarðr of Norse mythology and Middangeard in Old English works, including Beowulf. Middle-earth is the human-inhabited world, that is, the central continent of the Earth, in Tolkien's imagined mythological past. Tolkien's most widely read works, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, are set entirely in Middle-earth. "Middle-earth" has also become a short-hand term for Tolkien's legendarium, his large body of fantasy writings, and for the entirety of his fictional world.
Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People, informally known as the Nation-State Bill or the Nationality Bill, is an Israeli Basic Law that specifies the country's significance to the Jewish people. It was passed by the Knesset—with 62 in favour, 55 against, and two abstentions—on 19 July 2018 and is largely symbolic and declarative in nature. The law outlines a number of roles and responsibilities by which Israel is bound in order to fulfill the purpose of serving as the Jews' nation-state. However, it was met with sharp backlash internationally and has been characterized as racist and undemocratic by some critics. After it was passed, several groups in the Jewish diaspora expressed concern that it was actively violating Israel's self-defined legal status as a "Jewish and democratic state" in exchange for adopting an exclusively Jewish identity. The European Union stated that the Nation-State Bill had complicated the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, while the Arab League, the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the Muslim World League condemned it as a manifestation of apartheid.
Chaim Eliezer Walder was an Israeli Haredi author of literature for children, adolescents, and adults. In 1993, he became an Israeli publishing sensation with his bestselling first book, Yeladim Mesaprim al Atzmam, which revolutionized literature for Haredi children by introducing young protagonists who speak openly about their problems and feelings, and opened the door for many more writers to produce original fiction for Haredi youth. Walder was a long-time columnist on social issues for the Hebrew daily Yated Ne'eman, an educational counselor, and manager of the Center for the Child and Family, operated by the Bnei Brak municipality.
The Times of Israel is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012. It was co-founded by Israeli journalist David Horovitz, who is also the founding editor, and American billionaire investor Seth Klarman. Based in Jerusalem, it "documents developments in Israel, the Middle East and around the Jewish world." Along with its original English site, The Times of Israel publishes in Hebrew, Arabic, French, and Persian. In addition to publishing news reports and analysis, the website hosts a multi-author blog platform.
Sayed Kashua is a Palestinian author and journalist born in Tira, Israel, known for his books and humorous columns in Hebrew and English.
Edit Doron was an Israeli academic specializing in linguistics.
Rami Harpaz was a colonel in the Israel Defence Forces and a prisoner of war during the War of Attrition. Harpaz served as a fighter pilot in the Israeli Air Force (IAF) and spent three and a half years in an Egyptian prison. Following his release, he returned to the Air Force, and came to command the IAF base at Ramat David.
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