List of districts in Malaysia

Last updated

Daerah (District)
Malaysia location map with districts.svg
CategorySecond-level administrative division
Location States of Malaysia
Number160
89 with 3 cities (Peninsular)
28 (Sabah)
40 (Sarawak)
1 city (Labuan) (as of 2020 Census [1] )
PopulationsGreatest: Petaling District, Selangor—1,812,633 (2010)
Least: Pakan District, Sarawak—15,480 (2010) [2]
AreasLargest: Kapit Division, Sarawak—38,934 km2 (15,033 sq mi)
Smallest: Putatan District, Sabah—29.7 km2 (11.5 sq mi)
Government
Subdivisions
West Malaysia location map with districts.svg
Districts in West Malaysia
East Malaysia location map with districts.svg
Districts in East Malaysia

Districts (Malay: Daerah ; Jajahan in Kelantan) are a type of administrative division below the state level in Malaysia. An administrative district is administered by a lands and district office (pejabat daerah dan tanah) which is headed by district officer (pegawai daerah).

Contents

Classification

In Peninsular Malaysia, a district is a subdivision of a state. A mukim (commune, sub-district or parish) is a subdivision of a district. In recent years, a mukim is however of less importance with respect to the administration of land; for land administrative purposes, major cities (e.g. Petaling Jaya) are given an equal status with mukim.

The state of Perlis is not divided into districts due to its size, but straight to the mukim level. The Federal Territories and Labuan are also not divided into districts; however Kuala Lumpur is divided into several mukim for land administration purposes. Putrajaya is divided into precincts.

In East Malaysia, a district is a subdivision of a division (bahagian) of a state. [3] For example, Tuaran is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah. A district is usually named after the main town or its administrative capital; for example, the town of Sandakan is the capital of the Sandakan District, as well as the capital of Sandakan Division.

Some larger districts are further divided into autonomous sub-districts (daerah kecil; literally "small district") before the mukim level. This is prevalent in Sarawak and Sabah, but also seen in Peninsular Malaysia in recent years, e.g. Lojing autonomous sub-district in Kelantan. Sub-districts in Sabah, however, are not divided into mukim.

Relationship with parliament and local government

An administrative district can be distinguished from a local government area where the former deals with land administration and revenue while the latter deals with the planning and delivery of basic infrastructure to its inhabitants. Administrative district boundaries are usually congruent with local government area boundaries, but may sometimes differ especially in urbanised areas. For example, the Petaling District in Selangor is administered by three local authorities: Petaling Jaya City Council, Shah Alam City Council and Subang Jaya City Council; conversely one local authority can administer more than one district, for example Northeast Penang Island District and Southwest Penang Island District in Penang are both administered by Penang Island City Council.

Administrative district boundaries also provide the basis of boundaries for the parliamentary constituencies in the Malaysian Parliament. [4] However this is not always the case; in heavily populated areas e.g. the Klang Valley and Kinta Valley there is serious overlap between district, local government and parliamentary boundaries.

By states

West Malaysia

  City-status District
  Municipal-status District
Federal Territory/StateDistrict NameCapital/Largest settlementLocal GovernmentPopulation (2020 [5] )Area (km2)Density
Flag of the Federal Territories of Malaysia.svg  Federal Territory (Malaysia)
Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg  Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur H 19821122438,156.8
Flag of Putrajaya.svg  Putrajaya Putrajaya P 109202492,228.6
Flag of Johor.svg  Johor
Flag of Batu Pahat, Johor.svg Batu Pahat District Batu Pahat Batu Pahat M
Yong Peng D
4953381966252.0
Flag of Johor Bahru, Johor.svg Johor Bahru District Johor Bahru Johor Bahru C
Iskandar Puteri C
Pasir Gudang C
171119110661,605.2
Flag of Kluang, Johor.svg Kluang District Kluang Kluang M
Simpang Renggam D
3237622865113.0
Flag of Kota Tinggi, Johor.svg Kota Tinggi District Kota Tinggi Kota Tinggi D
Pengerang M
222382348963.7
Flag of Kulai, Johor.svg Kulai District Kulai Kulai M 329497756435.8
Flag of Mersing, Johor.svg Mersing District Mersing Mersing D 78195285727.4
Flag of Muar, Johor.svg Muar District Muar Muar M 3147761393226.0
Flag of Pontian, Johor.svg Pontian District Pontian Kechil Pontian M 173318933185.8
Flag of Segamat, Johor.svg Segamat District Segamat Segamat M
Labis D
197762286769.0
Flag of Tangkak, Johor.svg Tangkak District Tangkak Tangkak D 163449977167.3
Flag of Kedah.svg  Kedah
Baling District Baling Baling D 142643152993.3
Bandar Baharu District Serdang Bandar Baharu D 44412271163.9
Kota Setar District Alor Setar Alor Setar C 374051420890.6
Kuala Muda District Sungai Petani Sungai Petani M 544984913596.9
Kubang Pasu District Jitra Kubang Pasu M 237759946251.3
Kulim District Kulim Kulim M
Kulim Hi-Tech
Industrial Park LA
337699774436.3
Langkawi District Kuah Langkawi M 94138526179.0
Padang Terap District Kuala Nerang Padang Terap D 65698135948.3
Pendang District Pendang Pendang D 98922629157.3
Pokok Sena District Pokok Sena Alor Setar C 49812244204.1
Sik District Sik Sik D 67925163541.5
Yan District Yan Besar Yan D 73384246298.3
Flag of Kelantan.svg  Kelantan
Flag of Bachok, Kelantan.svg Bachok District Bachok Bachok D 157288279563.8
Flag of Gua Musang, Kelantan.svg Gua Musang District [note 1] Gua Musang Gua Musang D Lojing D 112495817913.8
Flag of Jeli, Kelantan.svg Jeli District Jeli Jeli D 54656132641.2
Flag of Kota Bharu, Kelantan.svg Kota Bharu District Kota Bharu Kota Bharu M
Ketereh D
5557574031,379.0
Flag of Kuala Krai, Kelantan.svg Kuala Krai District Kuala Krai Kuala Krai D
Dabong D
105007227546.2
Flag of Machang, Kelantan.svg Machang District Machang Machang D 110008526209.1
Flag of Pasir Mas, Kelantan.svg Pasir Mas District Pasir Mas Pasir Mas D 230424570404.3
Flag of Pasir Puteh, Kelantan.svg Pasir Puteh District Pasir Puteh Pasir Puteh D 136157423321.9
Flag of Tanah Merah, Kelantan.svg Tanah Merah District Tanah Merah Tanah Merah D 150766880171.3
Flag of Tumpat, Kelantan.svg Tumpat District Tumpat Tumpat D 179943180999.7
Flag of Malacca.svg  Malacca
Alor Gajah District Alor Gajah Alor Gajah M
Hang Tuah Jaya M
249356674370.0
Jasin District Jasin Jasin M
Hang Tuah Jaya M
151937679223.8
Melaka Tengah District Malacca City Malacca C
Hang Tuah Jaya M
5971353591,663.3
Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg  Negeri Sembilan
Jelebu District Kuala Klawang Jelebu D 46026135434.0
Jempol District Bandar Seri Jempol Jempol M 127181148585.6
Kuala Pilah District Kuala Pilah Kuala Pilah D 70324102768.5
Port Dickson District Port Dickson Port Dickson M 128657583220.7
Rembau District Rembau Rembau D 47278406116.4
Seremban District Seremban Seremban C 692407954725.8
Tampin District Tampin Tampin D 88101851103.5
Flag of Pahang.svg  Pahang
Bentong District Bentong Bentong M 116799183163.8
Bera District Bandar Bera Bera D 98137221444.3
Cameron Highlands District Tanah Rata Cameron Highlands D 3900471254.8
Jerantut District Jerantut Jerantut D 96006756112.7
Kuantan District Kuantan Kuantan C 5480142960185.1
Lipis District Kuala Lipis Lipis D 96620519818.6
Maran District Maran Maran D 112330191758.6
Pekan District Pekan Pekan M 121158380531.8
Raub District Raub Raub D 96139226942.4
Rompin District Kuala Rompin Rompin D
Tioman DA
98065524718.7
Temerloh District Temerloh Temerloh M 169023225175.1
Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg  Penang
Central Seberang Perai District Bukit Mertajam Seberang Perai C 4229852381,777.2
North Seberang Perai District Kepala Batas Seberang Perai C 3391322681,265.4
Northeast Penang Island District George Town Penang Island C 5565571264,417.1
South Seberang Perai District Sungai Jawi Seberang Perai C 183996242760.3
Southwest Penang Island District Balik Pulau Penang Island C 2377351751,358.5
Flag of Perak.svg  Perak
Bagan Datuk District Bagan Datuk Teluk Intan M 8278597485.0
Batang Padang District Tapah Tapah D 124049179469.1
Hilir Perak District Teluk Intan Teluk Intan M 141959821172.9
Hulu Perak District Gerik Gerik D
Lenggong D
Pengkalan Hulu D
95076661314.4
Kampar District Kampar Kampar D 98732667148.0
Kerian District Parit Buntar Kerian D 166352938177.3
Kinta District Batu Gajah Ipoh C
Batu Gajah D
8887671305681.0
Kuala Kangsar District Kuala Kangsar Kuala Kangsar M 176060256268.7
Larut, Matang and Selama District [note 2] Taiping Taiping M
Selama D
3040232115143.7
Manjung District Seri Manjung Manjung M 2469771126219.3
Muallim District Tanjung Malim Tanjong Malim D 7668894980.8
Perak Tengah District Seri Iskandar Perak Tengah D 94573128273.8
Flag of Perlis.svg  Perlis Kangar Kangar M 284885819347.8
Flag of Selangor.svg  Selangor
Gombak District Bandar Baru Selayang Selayang M
Ampang Jaya M
9423366531,443.1
Hulu Langat District Bandar Baru Bangi Kajang M
Ampang Jaya M
14004618331,681.2
Hulu Selangor District Kuala Kubu Bharu Hulu Selangor M 2430291749139.0
Klang District Klang Klang C
Shah Alam C
10889426321,723.0
Kuala Langat District Teluk Datok Kuala Langat M 307787855360.0
Kuala Selangor District Kuala Selangor Kuala Selangor M 2817531187237.4
Petaling District Subang Petaling Jaya C
Shah Alam C
Subang Jaya C
22981234874,718.9
Sabak Bernam District Sabak Sabak Bernam D 1070571004106.6
Sepang District Salak Tinggi Sepang M 324935552588.7
Flag of Terengganu.svg  Terengganu
Flag of Besut, Terengganu.svg Besut District Kampung Raja Besut D 1541681234124.9
Flag of Dungun, Terengganu.svg Dungun District Kuala Dungun Dungun M 158130273557.8
Flag of Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu.svg Hulu Terengganu District Kuala Berang Hulu Terengganu D 69881387518.0
Flag of Kemaman, Terengganu.svg Kemaman District Chukai Kemaman M 215582253685.0
Flag of Kuala Nerus, Terengganu.svg Kuala Nerus District Kuala Nerus Kuala Terengganu C 145643398365.9
Flag of Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.svg Kuala Terengganu District Kuala Terengganu Kuala Terengganu C 2297802101,094.2
Flag of Marang, Terengganu.svg Marang District Marang Marang D 116605667174.8
Flag of Setiu, Terengganu.svg Setiu District Bandar Permaisuri Setiu D 59651130445.7

East Malaysia

Federal Territory/StateDivisionNameCapitalCouncilPopulation (2020 [5] )Area (km2)Density
Flag of the Federal Territories of Malaysia.svg  Federal Territory (Malaysia) Flag of Labuan.svg  Labuan Victoria Labuan C 95120921,033.9
Flag of Sabah.svg  Sabah
Interior Beaufort District Beaufort Beaufort D 75716173543.6
Keningau District Keningau Keningau D 150927353342.7
Kuala Penyu District Kuala Penyu Kuala Penyu D 2371045352.3
Membakut District [note 3] Membakut Beaufort D
Nabawan District Nabawan Nabawan D 2834960894.7
Sipitang District Sipitang Sipitang D 37828273213.8
Tambunan District Tambunan Tambunan D 31573134723.4
Tenom District Tenom Tenom D 51328240921.3
Kudat Kota Marudu District Kota Marudu Kota Marudu D 69528191736.3
Kudat District Kudat Kudat D 86410128767.1
Pitas District Pitas Pitas D 36660141925.8
Sandakan Beluran District Beluran Beluran D 77125549814.0
Kinabatangan District Kinabatangan Kinabatangan D 143112660521.7
Sandakan District Sandakan Sandakan M 4390502266193.8
Telupid District Telupid Telupid D 29241221013.2
Tongod District Tongod Kinabatangan D 42742100544.3
Tawau
Kalabakan District Kalabakan Kalabakan D 48195388512.4
Kunak District Kunak Kunak D 68891113460.8
Lahad Datu District Lahad Datu Lahad Datu D 229138744430.8
Semporna District Semporna Semporna D 1665871145145.5
Tawau District Tawau Tawau M 3726152240166.3
West Coast Kota Belud District Kota Belud Kota Belud D 107243138677.4
Kota Kinabalu District Kota Kinabalu Kota Kinabalu C 5004213511,425.7
Papar District Papar Papar D 1506671243121.2
Penampang District Penampang Penampang D 162174425381.6
Putatan District Putatan Putatan D 68811401,720.3
Ranau District Ranau Ranau D 85077360823.6
Tuaran District Tuaran Tuaran D 1356651166116.4
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak
Betong Betong District Betong Betong D 36303154723.5
Kabong District Kabong Saratok D 1840479923.0
Pusa District Pusa Betong D 1955794720.7
Saratok District Saratok Saratok D 2310588826.0
Bintulu
Bintulu District Bintulu Bintulu DA 178646199189.7
Sebauh District Sebauh Bintulu DA 2960652295.7
Tatau District Tatau Bintulu DA 3192049466.5
Kapit Belaga District Belaga Kapit D [7] 22502190501.2
Kapit District Kapit Kapit D 3603039739.1
Song District Song Kapit D 996139352.5
Bukit Mabong District [8] Bukit Mabong Kapit D 10155119760.8
Kuching Bau District Bau Bau D 5264388459.6
Kuching District Kuching Kuching North C
Kuching South C
Padawan M
6092051498406.7
Lundu District Lundu Lundu D 33479181218.5
Limbang Lawas District Lawas Lawas D 3660438129.6
Limbang District Limbang Limbang D 45061397811.3
Miri Beluru District Bakong Marudi D 2869549055.9 [9]
Marudi District Marudi Marudi D 1883830796.1
Miri District Miri Subis D
Miri C
248877514348.4
Subis District Subis Subis D 57289382115.0 [10]
Telang Usan District Long Lama Marudi D 1740698291.8 [11]
Mukah Dalat District Dalat Dalat and Mukah D 2114790523.4
Daro District Daro Matu and Daro D 19477122615.9
Matu District Matu Matu and Daro D 16316160010.2
Mukah District Mukah Dalat and Mukah D 42275253616.7
Tanjung Manis District Belawai Matu and Daro D 794673110.9
Samarahan Sebuyau District [note 4] Sebuyau Simunjan D
Gedong District [note 4] Gedong Simunjan D
Asajaya District Asajaya Kota Samarahan M 33606303110.9
Samarahan District Samarahan Kota Samarahan M [13] [14] 128284407315.2
Simunjan District Simunjan Simunjan D 36211221816.3
Sarikei Julau District Julau Meradong and Julau D 1533317039.0
Meradong District Bintangor Meradong and Julau D 2029971928.2
Pakan District Pakan Meradong and Julau D 1546292516.7
Sarikei District Sarikei Sarikei D 4403998544.7
Serian [15] Serian District Serian Serian D 85345174948.8
Tebedu District Tebedu Serian D 2523265638.5
Siburan District [note 4] Siburan Serian D
Sibu Kanowit District Kanowit Kanowit D 24700225411.0
Sibu District Sibu Sibu D
Sibu Rural D (Sibu Jaya)
2480642230111.2
Selangau District Selangau Sibu Rural D 1984437955.2
Sri Aman Lubok Antu District Lubok Antu Lubok Antu D 33479314310.7
Sri Aman District Simanggang Sri Aman D 61238232426.4
Pantu District [note 4] Pantu Sri Aman D 1115083313.4
Lingga District [note 4] Lingga Sri Aman D

Townships (Mukim)

In the 11 states of the Peninsular Malaysia including the Federal Territories, there are townships (precinct for Putrajaya) that been administered by the district office and also the state government. For a list, see Category:Mukims of Malaysia. However, two states and one federal territory in Malaysia is not divided into any townships.

Labelled maps

Maps

See also

Notes

  1. figures include Lojing Sub-district
  2. figures include Selama Sub-district
  3. gazetted as full district on March 30, 2022 [6]
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 new district declared December 2021 [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petaling District</span> District of Malaysia in Selangor

The Petaling District is a district located in the heart of Selangor in Malaysia. Petaling is not to be confused with the city of Petaling Jaya located in it, nor the mukim of Petaling under Subang Jaya City. The district office is located in Subang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Batu Pahat District</span> District of Malaysia in Johor

The Batu Pahat District is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia. It lies southeast of Muar, southwest of Kluang, northwest of Pontian, south of Segamat and Tangkak District. The capital of the district is Bandar Penggaram.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Segamat District</span> District in Johor, Malaysia

The Segamat District or simply Segamat is a district in the Malaysian state of Johor. Segamat is also the name of the district's primary town. Segamat district is one of the three landlocked districts in Johor, the other being Kluang and Kulai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seberang Perai</span> City in the Malaysian state of Penang

Seberang Perai is a city in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located on the Malay Peninsula and separated from Penang Island by the Penang Strait, it shares borders with Kedah to the north and east, and Perak to the south. The city spans an area of 748 km2 (289 sq mi) and had a population of 946,092 as of 2020, making it the third largest city in Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuala Langat District</span> District of Malaysia in Selangor

The Kuala Langat District is a district of Selangor, Malaysia. It is situated in the southwestern part of Selangor. It covers an area of 858 square kilometres, and had a population of 307,787 at the 2020 Census. It is bordered by the districts of Klang and Petaling to the north and Sepang to the east. The Strait of Malacca forms its western border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bandar Baharu District</span> District of Malaysia in Kedah

The Bandar Baharu District is a town, district and state assembly constituency at the southernmost end of Kedah, Malaysia. Bandar Baharu is located along the Kedah-Penang–Perak border tripoint, 37 km (23 mi) southeast of George Town, Penang's capital city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuala Muda District</span> District in Kedah, Malaysia

The Kuala Muda District is a district in Kedah, Malaysia. Sungai Petani is the administrative center of the district. Kuala Muda district is in close proximity to the border of Kedah and Penang. Apart from Sungai Petani, other major towns in the district include Tikam Batu, Padang Tembusu, Sungai Lalang, Bedong, Bukit Selambau, Sidam, Gurun, Semeling, Merbok, Kota Kuala Muda and Tanjung Dawai. The Mount Jerai is shared with the neighbouring district of Yan while the Muda River is shares the bordering state of Penang. The iconic Jambatan Merdeka connect both Tikam Batu with Bumbung Lima in Penang. Kuala Muda is the second largest and most populous district in Kedah, and it is also the site of some of the earliest civilization site in the country.

Divisions are the primary subdivisions of Sabah and Sarawak, the states in East Malaysia. Each division is subdivided into districts — this is different in Peninsular Malaysia whereby districts are generally the primary subdivisions of a state. Each division is headed by a resident.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Malaysia</span> Overview of tourism in Malaysia

Tourism in Malaysia is a major industry and contributor to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia was once ranked 9th in the world for tourist arrivals. The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks Malaysia 25th out of 141 countries overall.

Bukit, the Indonesian or Malay word for hill, may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Seberang Perai District</span> District of Malaysia in Penang

The North Seberang Perai District is an administrative district on the mainland part of Penang State, Malaysia. It covers an area of 267 square kilometres, and had a population of 286,323 at the 2010 Census. The district is bordered by Muda River in the north which separates Kuala Muda district in Kedah, Kedah state border in the east which separates Kulim district, Perai River in the south which separates Central Seberang Perai and North Channel which separates Penang Island. The district capital is Kepala Batas, and the largest town is Butterworth. Other localities that are located in North Seberang Perai include Penaga, Pinang Tunggal, Bertam, Tasek Gelugor, Teluk Air Tawar and Mak Mandin. It is one of the three administrative districts in the Seberang Perai region, the mainland portion of Penang State. Paddy is largely cultivated in North Seberang Perai as most parts of it is covered by paddy fields.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Seberang Perai District</span> District of Malaysia in Penang

The South Seberang Perai District is a district in Penang, Malaysia. It covers an area of 242 square kilometres, and had a population of 184,007 at the 2020 Census. The district is bordered by Junjong River that separates Central Seberang Perai in the north, Kedah state border in the east, Perak state border in the south and the South Channel that separates Penang Island. Rivers that flow through South Seberang Perai are Junjong River, Jawi River and Kerian River. The capital of this district is Sungai Jawi and the largest town is Nibong Tebal. Other towns such as Batu Kawan, Bukit Tambun, Simpang Ampat, Sungai Bakap and Valdor are also located in this district. South Seberang Perai is thriving with the fishing industry and agriculture. Oil palm plantations covers most parts of the area.

Batu Pahat (BP) is a town and capital of Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. It lies south-east of Muar, south-west of Kluang, north-west of Pontian and south of Segamat. The town area is located inside Simpang Kanan parishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysian Prison Department</span>

The Malaysian Prison Department, is a department controlled by the Malaysian Minister of Home Affairs responsible for prisons where offenders sentenced by the courts are held. These jails also act as detention and recovery institutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikhism in Malaysia</span>

Malaysian Sikhs are known to be the fourth largest Malaysian Indian ethnic group. It is estimated that there are around 100,000 Sikhs in Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysian Expressway System</span> System of expressways in Malaysia

The Malaysian Expressway System is a network of national controlled-access expressways in Malaysia that forms the primary backbone network of Malaysian national highways. The network begins with the Tanjung Malim–Slim River tolled road which was opened to traffic on 16 March 1966, later North–South Expressway (NSE), and is being substantially developed. Malaysian expressways are built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, Malaysian Highway Authority.

References

  1. "List of Administrative District, Mukim and Local Authority Area".
  2. "The Official Portal of the Sarawak Government". www.sarawak.gov.my.
  3. "Malaysia Districts". Statoids.com. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  4. "Persempadanan". Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya (Election Commission of Malaysia). Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  5. 1 2 "Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020" (pdf) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. ISBN   978-967-2000-85-3.
  6. "Membakut now a full district". www.dailyexpress.com.my. 15 October 2023.
  7. Lian Cheng; Peter Sibon (23 January 2016). "Call for Belaga to have own district council". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  8. "Launch of Bukit Mabong, Tunoh, Kapit by the Chief Minister of Sarawak". Sarawak Regional Corridor Development Authority. 3 November 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  9. "Rakan Sarawak October 2001". www.sarawak.com.my. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009.
  10. "Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Daerah Subis".
  11. "'Telang Usan District Office a game changer'". 7 October 2015.
  12. "INFOGRAPHICS: NEW DISTRICTS IN SARAWAK". BERNAMA. 13 December 2021.
  13. Lian Cheng (11 November 2016). "It's Kota Samarahan Municipal Council effective today". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  14. "Laman Web Rasmi Majlis Perbandaran Kota Samarahan". mpks.sarawak.gov.my.
  15. Samuel Aubrey (12 April 2015). "Serian now a division". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 15 May 2015.