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 Belarusportal |
This is a list of political parties in Belarus.
Though Belarus has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a de facto one-party system within an Authoritarian State. [1] [2]
According to the "press service of the president of Belarus" only four parties are officially registered: [3]
| Name | Abbr. | Leader | Ideology | Representatives | Councilors | Political position | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Belaya Rus Белая Русь | BR БР | Oleg Romanov | Statism Russophilia Pro-Lukashenko | 51 / 110 | 46 / 64 | Big tent | RKSKPPGA | |
| Republican Party of Labour and Justice Республиканская партия труда и справедливости Рэспубліканская партыя працы і справядлівасьці | RPTS РПТС РППС | Alexander Stepanov | Socialism Pro-Lukashenko | 8 / 110 | 0 / 64 | Centre-left | RKSKPPGA Regional: FSS CIS | ||
 | Communist Party of Belarus Коммунистическая партия Беларуси Камуністычная партыя Беларусі | CPB КПБ | Aliaksiej Sokal | Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism Belarusian–Russian unionism | 7 / 110 | 17 / 64 | Far-left | National: RKSKPPGA Regional: UCP – CPSU International: IMCWP | |
 | Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus Либерально-демократическая партия Беларуси Ліберальна-дэмакратычная партыя Беларусі | LDPB ЛДПБ | Oleg Gaidukevich | 4 / 110 | 1 / 64 | Right-wing | Regional: LDPR | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Foundation | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPF Party Партыя БНФ Партия БНФ | PBNF ПБНФ | Ryhor Kastusioŭ | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy Conservatism Pro-Europeanism | Centre-right to right-wing | 1993 (officially deregistered in 2023) | BNB, UDF European: ECR Party International: IDU | ||
| Belarusian Green Party Беларуская партыя «Зялёныя» Белорусская партия «Зелёные» | BGP БПЗ | Dźmitry Kučuk | Green politics Eco-socialism Environmentalism Anti-capitalism Alter-globalism | Left-wing | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) | BNB European: EGP (associate) International: GG (associate) | ||
 | Belarusian Left Party "A Just World" Беларуская партыя левых «Справядлівы свет» Белорусская партия левых «Справедливый мир» | BPL БПЛ | Sergey Kalyakin | Socialism Anti-Lukashenko | Left-wing | 1991 (officially deregistered in 2023) | National: UDF European: PEL | |
| Belarusian Patriotic Party Белорусская патриотическая партия Беларуская патрыятычная партыя | BPP БПП | Nikolai Ulakhovich | Socialism Pro-Lukashenko | Left-wing | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) | RKSKPPGA | ||
| Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная Грамада Белорусская социал-демократическая Грамада | BSDA БСДГ | Siarhiej Čeračań | Social democracy Civic nationalism Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | 1991 (first) 1998 (current) (officially deregistered in 2023) | |||
 | Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Грамада) | BSDP (Hramada) БСДП (Грамада) | Ihar Barysaŭ | Social democracy Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | 2005 (officially deregistered in 2023) | UDF European: PES International: PA (observer) | |
| Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Народная Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Народная Громада) | BSDP (PA) БСДП (НГ) | Mikola Statkevich | Social democracy Sustainable development Non-interventionism | Centre-left | 1996 (officially deregistered in 2005) | International: PA, SI | ||
 | Belarusian Social Sporting Party Белорусская социально-спортивная партия Беларуская сацыяльна-спартыўная партыя | BSSP БССП | Vladimir Alexandrovich | Welfarism Pro-Lukashenko Russophilia | Centre-left | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) | RKSKPPGA | |
| Belarusian Women's Party "Nadzieja" Беларуская партыя жанчын «Надзея» Белорусская партия женщин «Надзея» | BWP "Nadzieja" БПЖ «Надзея» | Aliena Jaśkova | Women's rights Social democracy | Centre-left | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2007) | UDF European: International: PA | ||
 | Conservative Christian Party – BPF Кансерватыўна-хрысціянская партыя — БНФ Консервативно-христианская партия — БНФ | CChP-BPF КХП-БНФ | Zianon Pazniak | Belarusian nationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Christian right | Right-wing | 1999 (officially deregistered in 2023) | ||
 | Republican Party Республиканская партия Рэспубліканская партыя | RP РП | Uladzimir Belazor | Eurasianism Pro-Lukashenko | Centre (official) | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) | RKSKPPGA | |
| Social Democratic Party of Popular Accord Социал-демократическая партия народного согласия Сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя Народнай Згоды | SDPPA СДПНС СДПНЗ | Sergey Yermak | Social democracy Pro-Lukashenko | Centre-left | 1997 (officially deregistered in 2023) | RKSKPPGA | ||
| United Civic Party Аб'яднаная грамадзянская партыя Объединённая гражданская партия | UCP АГП ОГП | Mikalaj Kazloŭ | Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism | Centre-right | 1995 (officially deregistered in 2023) | UDF European: EPP (observer) International: IDU | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Foundation | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian Students' Association Задзіночанне беларускіх студэнтаў | BSA БРСМ | Youth rights | 1988 officially deregistered in 2001 | European Students' Union | ||||
| Belarusian Republican Youth Union Белорусский республиканский союз молодёжи Беларускi рэспубліканскі саюз моладзі | BRSM БРСМ | Dmitry Voronyuk | Patriotism Moral values Pro-Lukashenko | Big tent | 2002 (not registered) | RKSKPPGA | ||
 | Legalize Belarus Legalize Belarus | Liberalism | Advocation for drug liberalization | 2017 (not registered) | ||||
 | Young Front Малады фронт Молодой фронт | MF МФ | Dzianis Urbanovič | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy | Centre-right to right-wing | 1997 (not registered) | UDF European: YEPP, EDS | |
| Young Democrats Маладыя дэмакраты Молодые демократы | MD МД | Alaksandar Šumkievič | Christian democracy | Centre-right | 1997 (officially deregistered in 2004) | BNB European: YEPP (observer) ECPYouth (observer) | ||
 | Right Alliance Правы альянс Правый альянс | PFP ПСП | Juraś Karetnikaŭ | Conservatism Traditionalism Civic nationalism Belarusian nationalism | Right-wing to far-right | 2004-2011 (not registered) | ||
| Young Belarus Маладая Беларусь Молодая Беларусь | MB МБ | Artur Fińkievič | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy Conservatism | Centre-right to right-wing | 2004 (not registered) | BNB | ||
| Youth Bloc Моладзевы блок | MB МБ | Classical liberalism | Center | 2019 (not registered) | International Federation of Liberal Youth (associate member) | |||
 | Revolutionary Action Рэвалюцыйнае дзеянне Революционное действие | RD РД | Collective leadership | Anarcho-communism Social anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism Illegalism Platformism | Far-left | 2005 (not registered) | Regional: AD | |
 | Movement "For Freedom" Рух «За свабоду» Движение «За свободу» | Za svabodu За свабод уЗа свободу | Yury Gubarevič | Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism | Big tent | 2006 (not registered) | UDF, BNB | |
| Tell the Truth Гавары праўду Говори правду | GP ГП | Andrey Dmitriyeu Tatsiana Karatkevich | Democratization Anti-Lukashenko | Big tent | 2010 (not registered) | |||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Belarusian Popular Front "Adradžeńnie" Беларускі народны фронт «Адраджэньне» Белорусский народный фронт «Возрождение» | BPF БНФ | Zianon Pazniak | Anti-communism Belarusian nationalism National democracy | Centre-right | 1989-1993 (successed by BPF Party and CChP–BPF) | |
| United Democratic Party of Belarus Аб'яднаная дэмакратычная партыя Беларусі Объединённая демократическая партия Беларуси | UDPB АДПБ ОДПБ | Stanislaŭ Bahdankievič | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | 1990-1995 (merged into UCP) | ||
 | Belarusian Peasant Party Беларуская сялянская партыя Белорусская крестьянская партия | BPP БСП БКП | Jaŭhien Luhin | Agrarianism Liberalism Belarusian nationalism | Centre-right | 1991-1999 | |
| Belarusian Christian Democratic Union Беларуская хрысціянска-дэмакратычная злучнасць Белорусский христианско-демократический союз | BCDU БХДЗ БХДС | P. Silka | Christian democracy Belarusization | Centre-right | 1991-? | ||
| Belarusian Party of Communists Партыя камуністаў беларуская Партия коммунистов белорусская | PCB ПКБ | Sergey Kalyakin | Communism Marxism Socialism | Left-wing to far-left | 1991-2009 (rebranded into A Just World) | ||
 | Slavic Council "Belaya Rus" Славянскі сабор «Белая Русь» Славянский собор «Белая Русь» | SCBR ССБР | Mikalaj Siarhiejeŭ Valieryj Suriajeŭ Michail Iĺin | Great Russian nationalism Russian irredentism Russophilia Slavophilia Pan-Slavism | Right-wing to far-right | 1992-1999 | |
| People's Accord Party Партыя народнай згоды Партия народного согласия | PAP ПНЗ ПНС | Hienadź Karpienka | Social democracy | Centre-left | 1992-1996 (merged into SDPPA) | ||
| | Belarusian Freedom Party Беларуская партыя свабоды Белорусская партия свободы | BFP БПС | Serhiy Visotskiy | Belarusian nationalism National conservatism Russophobia | Far-right | 1992-2003 (successed by PA) | |
| Belarusian Ecological Green Party Беларуская экалягічная партыя зялёных Белорусская экологическая партия зеленых | BEGP БЭПЗ | Mikalaj Kartaš | Green politics | Centre-left | 1992-2007 | ||
 | Belarusian Agrarian Party Белорусская аграрная партия Беларуская аграрная партыя | BAP БАП | Mikhail Rusy | Agrarian socialism Pro-Lukashenko | Left-wing | 1992-2023 | |
 | Beer Lovers Party Партыя аматараў піва Партия любителей пива | BLP ПАП ПЛП | Andrej Ramašeŭski | Joke party Liberalism | Centre-right | 1993-1997 | |
| Polish Democratic Association Польскае дэмакратычнае аб’яднанне Польское демократическое объединение Polskie Zjednoczenie Demokratyczne | PZD ПДА ПДО | Edward Ochrem Konstanty Tarasiewicz | Polish minority interests Christian democracy | Centre-right | 1993-1995 | ||
| Belarusian Labour Party Беларуская партыя працы Белорусская партия труда | BPT БПП БПТ | Aliaksandar Buchvostaŭ | Social democracy Labourism | Centre-left | 1993-2009 (merged into BSDP) | ||
| Civic Party Грамадзянская партыя Гражданская партия | GP ГП | Jaroslav Romanchuk | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | 1994-1995 (merged into UCP) | ||
| Belarusian Popular Party Беларуская народная партыя Белорусская народная партия | BPP БНП | Victor Tereshchenko | Social liberalism | Centre | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Women's Party "Nadzieja" Беларуская партыя жанчын «Надзея» Белорусская партия женщин «Надзея» | BWP "Nadzieja" БПЖ «Надзея» | Aliena Jaśkova | Women's rights Social democracy | Centre-left | 1994-2007 (officially deregistered) | ||
| Belarusian National Party Беларуская нацыянальная партыя Белорусская национальная партия | BNP БПНП | Anatoĺ Astapienka | Belarusian nationalism Christian conservatism | Right-wing | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Party "Green Peace" Беларуская партыя «Зялёны мір» Белорусская партия «Зелёный мир» | BPGP БПЗМ | Anatoĺ Astapienka | Green politics Pacifism | Centre-left | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Christian Democratic Party Беларуская хрысціянска-дэмакратычная партыя Белорусская христианско-демократическая партия | BCDP БХДП | Mikalaj Krukoŭski | Christian democracy | Centre to centre-right | 1994-1999 | ||
| All-Belarusian Unity and Accord Party Партыя ўсебеларускага адзінства і згоды Партия всебелорусского единства и согласия | PVES ПЎАЗ ПВЕС | Social liberalism | Centre | 1994-1999 | |||
| Christian Democratic Choice Хрысціянска-дэмакратычны выбар Христианско-демократический выбор | CDV ХДВ | Valieryj Saroka | Christian democracy | Centre | 1995-1999 | ||
| National Democratic Party of Belarusians Нацыянальна-дэмакратычная партыя беларусаў Национально-демократическая партия белорусов | NDBP НДПБ | Viktar Navumienka | Belarusian nationalism National democracy | Right-wing | 1995-? | ||
| Belarusian Socialist Party Беларуская сацыялістычная партыя Белорусская социалистическая партия | BSP БСП | Michail Padhajny | Socialism Democratic socialism | Left-wing | 1995-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Ecological Party Беларуская экалягічная партыя Белорусская экологическая партия | BEP БЭП | Michail Frydliand | Green politics Environmentalism | Centre-left | 1995-1998 (merged into BEGP) | ||
| Belarusian Republican Party Беларуская рэспубліканская партыя Белорусская республиканская партия | BRP БРП | Valier Artyšeŭski | Liberalism Belarusian nationalism | Centre-right | 1995-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Народная Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Народная Громада) | BSDP (PA) БСДП (НГ) | Mikola Statkevich | Social democracy Sustainable development Non-interventionism | Centre-left | 1996-2005 (officially deregistered, merged into BSDP) | ||
| Belarusian Resistance Movement "ZUBR" Беларускі Рух Супраціву "ЗУБР" Белорусское движение сопротивления "ЗУБР" | ZUBR ЗУБР | Mikita Sasim Jaŭhien Afnahieĺ | Nonviolent resistance Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism | Catch-all | 2001-2006 | ||
| European Coalition Free Belarus Еўрапейская кааліцыя «Свабодная Беларусь» Европейская коалиция «Свободная Беларусь» | ECFB ЕКСБ | Andrej Sańnikaŭ | Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism | Centre | 2003-2005 | ||
 | People's Coalition 5 Plus Народная каалица 5 Плюс Народная коалиция 5 Плюс | 5 Plus 5 Плюс | Collective leadership | Big tent Pro-Europeanism | Catch-all | 2004-2006 (merged into UDF) | |
| Civil Alliance for Just and Fair Elections for a Better Life "Talaka" Грамадзянскі альянс за справядлівыя і сумленныя выбары для лепшага жыцця «Талака» Гражданский альянс за справедливые и честные выборы для лучшей жизни «Талака» | Talaka Талака | Collective leadership | Big tent Anti-Lukashenko Pro-Europeanism | Catch-all | 2013-2015 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sole legal party (before 1990) | |||||||
 | Communist Party of Byelorussia Коммунистическая партия Белоруссии Камуністычная партыя Беларусі | CPB КПБ | Alexander Miasnikian (first) Anatoly Malofeyev (last) | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1918-1991 (succeeded by PCB) | |
| (in Poland) | Communist Party of Western Belorussia Камуністычная партыя Заходняй Беларусі Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Białorusi | KPZB КПЗБ | Joseph Loginovich Stephan Mertens Vera Kharuzhaya | Communism Marxism–Leninism National communism | Far-left | 1923-1938 | |
| (in Poland) | Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union Беларуская сялянска-работніцкая грамада Białoruska Włościańsko-Robotnicza Hromada | BPWU БСРГ BWRH | Branislaw Tarashkyevich | Belarusian separatism Socialism Left-wing nationalism Agrarian socialism | Left-wing | 1925-1927 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries Беларуская партыя сацыялістаў-рэвалюцыянераў Белорусская партия социалистов-революционеров | BPS-R БПС-Р | Paluta Badunova | Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism | Left-wing | 1918-1924 | ||
| Belarusian National Socialist Party Беларуская нацыянал-сацыялістычная партыя Белорусская национал-социалистическая партия | BNSP БНСП | Fabijan Akinčyc | Belarusian nationalism Nazism Antisemitism Anti-communism | Far-right | 1933-1943 | ||
| Belarusian Independence Party Беларуская незалежніцкая партыя Белорусская независимая партия | BNP БНП | Vincent Hadleŭski Mikalaj Ščors | Belarusian nationalism Fascism Nazism Anti-communism | Far-right | 1939/42-1950s | ||
| | Belarusian Popular Front "Adradžeńnie" Беларускі народны фронт «Адраджэньне» Белорусский народный фронт «Возрождение» | BPF БНФ | Zianon Pazniak | Anti-communism Belarusian nationalism National democracy | Centre-right | 1989-1993 legalized in 1990 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia Усеагульны яўрэйскі рабочы саюз у Літве, Польшчы і Расіі אַלגעמײנער ייִדישער אַרבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פּױלן און רוסלאַנד | Bund Бунд בונד | Victor Alter | Bundism Socialism Jewish Autonomism Non-Zionism Secularism | Left-wing | 1897-1921 | |
| Belarusian Socialist Assembly Беларуская сацыялістычная грамада Белорусская социалистическая грамада | BSA БСГ | Anton Luckievich Ivan Luckievič Alaiza Pashkevich | Neo-Narodism Belarusian nationalism Agrarian socialism Left-wing nationalism | Left-wing | 1902-1918 | ||
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.2 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into six regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status.
The politics of Belarus takes place in a framework of a presidential republic with a bicameral parliament. The President of Belarus is the head of state. Executive power is nominally exercised by the government, at its top sits a ceremonial prime minister, appointed directly by the President. Legislative power is de jure vested in the bicameral parliament, the National Assembly, however the president may enact decrees that are executed the same way as laws, for undisputed time.
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko is a Belarusian politician who has been the president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994. This makes him the longest-serving European president.
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Belarus elects on national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 110 members elected in single-seat constituencies elected for a four-year term. The Council of the Republic has 64 members, 56 members indirectly elected and eight members appointed by the president.
A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011, following the events of the 2011 Syrian Revolution, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab Spring. The government, headed by Bashar al-Assad, son of previous leader Hafez al-Assad, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. The Ba'athist government conducts Presidential elections and parliamentary elections to the People's Council.
The Colour revolutions were a series of often non-violent protests and accompanying changes of government and society that took place in post-Soviet states and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the early 21st century. The aim of the colour revolutions was to establish Western-style liberal democracy in those countries and eliminate corruption. They were primarily triggered by election results widely viewed as falsified. The colour revolutions were marked by the usage of the internet as a method of communication, as well as a strong role of non-governmental organizations in the protests.
The president of the Republic of Belarus is the head of state and head of government of Belarus. The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the Constitution of Belarus by the Supreme Council. This replaced the office of Chairman of the Supreme Council as the head of state. The tasks of the president include executing foreign and domestic policy, defending the rights and general welfare of citizens and residents, and upholding the Constitution. The president is mandated by the Constitution to serve as a leader in the social affairs of the country and to act as its main representative abroad. The duties, responsibilities and other transitional clauses dealing with the presidency are listed in Chapter Three, Articles 79 through 89, of the Constitution.
Mutual relations between the Republic of Belarus and the European Union (EU) were initially established after the European Economic Community recognised Belarusian independence in 1991.
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of democracy and political plurality. It involves the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "hybrid regimes" or "competitive authoritarian" states.
The government of Belarus is criticized for its human rights violations and persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. In a testimony to the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice labeled Belarus as one of the world's six "outposts of tyranny". In response, the Belarusian government called the assessment "quite far from reality". During 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests, the number of political prisoners recognized by Viasna Human Rights Centre rose dramatically to 1062 as of 16 February 2022. Several people died after the use of unlawful and abusive force by law enforcement officials during 2020 protests. According to Amnesty International, the authorities didn't investigate violations during protests but instead harassed those who challenged their version of events. In July 2021, the authorities launched a campaign against the remaining non-governmental organizations, liquidating at least 270 of them by October, including all previously registered human rights organizations in the country.
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 19 December 2010. The elections had originally been planned for the beginning of 2011. However, the final date was set during an extraordinary session of the National Assembly on 14 September 2010.
Andrei Olegovich Sannikov is a Belarusian politician and activist. In the early 1990s, he headed the Belarusian delegation on Nuclear and Conventional Weapons Armament Negotiations, also serving as a Belarusian diplomat to Switzerland. From 1995 to 1996, he served as Deputy Foreign Minister of Belarus, resigning as a form of political protest. He co-founded the civil action Charter 97, and was awarded the Bruno Kreisky Prize in 2005.
The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko, whom supporters of the movement often consider to be a dictator. Supporters of the movement tend to call for a parliamentary democracy based on a Western model, with freedom of speech and political and religious pluralism.
An unfair election is a concept used by national and international election monitoring groups to identify when the vote of the people for a government is not free and fair. Unfairness in elections encompasses all varieties of electoral fraud, voter suppression or intimidation, unbalanced campaign finance rules, and imbalanced access to the media. Unfair elections violate the right to vote or right to be a candidate or both. The right to vote is generally recognised as an essential element to a deliberative democracy and representative democracy.
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Presidential elections were held in Belarus on Sunday, 9 August 2020. Early voting began on 4 August and ran until 8 August.
Viktar Dzmitryevich Babaryka is a Belarusian banker, philanthropist, public and opposition political figure who intended to become a candidate in the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. He is considered a political prisoner after having his candidacy rejected, followed by being detained by the Belarusian government over charges of "illegal [financial] activities"; charges that are considered to be politically motivated.
Sviatlana Hieorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya is a Belarusian political activist. After standing as a candidate in the 2020 presidential election against the president Alexander Lukashenko, she has led the political opposition to his authoritarian rule through an oppositional government operating from Lithuania and Poland.
The following is a list of the official reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and the surrounding 2020 Belarusian protests.
unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... Lukashenko's 2015 election occurred within an authoritarian context.Levitsky, Steven (2013). Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4, 9–10, 21, 70. ISBN 978-0-521-88252-1. OCLC 968631692.Crabtree, Charles; Fariss, Christopher J.; Schuler, Paul (2016). "The presidential election in Belarus, October 2015". Electoral Studies. 42: 304–307. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.02.006. ISSN 0261-3794. S2CID 155377250. "Belarus strongman Lukashenko marks 25 years in power | DW | 10 July 2019". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
{{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) "Human rights by country – Belarus". Amnesty International Report 2007. Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007.