Planning permission

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One57, a skyscraper in New York City, under construction. Such a development would have gone through stringent checks against the local building code before planning permission was granted. One57 under construction 3 November 2012.jpeg
One57, a skyscraper in New York City, under construction. Such a development would have gone through stringent checks against the local building code before planning permission was granted.

Planning permission or building permit refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant renovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions. [1] [2]

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House building permits, for example, are subject to building codes. There is also a "plan check" (PLCK) to check compliance with plans for the area, if any. [3] For example, one cannot obtain permission to build a nightclub in an area where it is inappropriate such as a high-density suburb. [4] [5] The criteria for planning permission are a part of urban planning and construction law, and are usually managed by town planners employed by local governments. [6] [7]

Failure to obtain a permit can result in fines, penalties, and demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes. Since building permits usually precede outlays for construction, employment, financing and furnishings, they are often used as a leading indicator for developments in other areas of the economy.

The number of building permits issued per year varies by country. [8] By-right approval processes can be faster than discretionary approval processes. [9]

In specific industries

Broadcasting

As part of broadcast law, the term is also used in broadcasting, where individual radio and television stations typically must apply for and receive permission to construct radio towers and radio antennas. This type of permit is issued by a national broadcasting authority, but does not imply zoning any other permission that must be given by local government. The permit itself also does not necessarily imply permission to operate the station once constructed. In the U.S., a construction permit is valid for three years. Afterwards, the station must receive a full license to operate, which is good for seven years. [10] This is provided by a separate broadcast license, also called a "license to cover" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Further permission or registration for towers may be needed from aviation authorities.

In the U.S., construction permits for new commercial stations are now assigned by auction, rather than the former process of determining who would serve the community of license best. If the given frequency allocation is sought by at least one non-commercial educational (NCE) applicant, or is on an NCE-reserved TV channel or in the FM reserved band, the comparative process still takes place, though the FCC refuses to consider which radio format the applicants propose.

In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission maintains a comparative process in issuing permits, ensuring that a variety of programming is available in each area, and that as many groups as possible have access to free speech over radio waves.

Related Research Articles

A non-commercial educational station is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements, as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations. Nearly all Non-Commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the governmental entity Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by the congress to support Public Radio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Family Radio Service</span> An improved walkie-talkie radio system in the United States

The Family Radio Service (FRS) is an improved walkie-talkie radio system authorized in the United States since 1996. This personal radio service uses channelized frequencies around 462 and 467 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. It does not suffer the interference effects found on citizens' band (CB) at 27 MHz, or the 49 MHz band also used by cordless telephones, toys, and baby monitors. FRS uses frequency modulation (FM) instead of amplitude modulation (AM). Since the UHF band has different radio propagation characteristics, short-range use of FRS may be more predictable than the more powerful license-free radios operating in the HF CB band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planning permission in the United Kingdom</span> Overview of planning permission in the UK

Planning permission in the United Kingdom is the planning permission required in the United Kingdom in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will need title to that land or building, but will also need "planning title" or planning permission. Planning title was granted for all pre-existing uses and buildings by the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, which came into effect on 1 July 1948. Since that date any new "development" has required planning permission.

A broadcast license is a type of spectrum license granting the licensee permission to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The licenses generally include restrictions, which vary from band to band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KXNW</span> MyNetworkTV affiliate in Eureka Springs, Arkansas

KXNW is a television station licensed to Eureka Springs, Arkansas, United States, serving Northwest Arkansas and the Arkansas River Valley as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Rogers-licensed NBC affiliate KNWA-TV and Fort Smith–licensed Fox affiliate KFTA-TV. The three stations share studios on Dickson Street in downtown Fayetteville, with a satellite studio in Rogers and a news bureau and sales office on Kelley Highway in Fort Smith. KXNW's transmitter is located on Humphrey Mountain near Garfield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WLZL</span> Radio station in College Park, Maryland

WLZL is a commercial radio station licensed to serve College Park, Maryland. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. through licensee Audacy License, LLC and broadcasts a Spanish/English rhythmic contemporary format. Studios are located in Washington, D.C. while the station's broadcast tower is located east of Crofton, Maryland at.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amateur radio international operation</span> Operating an amateur radio station in another country

Amateur radio international reciprocal operating agreements permit amateur radio operators (hams) from one country to operate a station whilst traveling in another without the need to obtain additional licenses or permits.

Development Management, formerly known as planning control, or development control, is the element of the United Kingdom's system of town and country planning through which local government or the Secretary of State, regulates land use and new building, i.e. development. It relies on a "plan-led system" whereby development plans are produced, involving various stages of public consultation prior to being adopted. Subsequently, development that requires planning permission, which is granted or refused with reference to the development plan as the starting point, then other material considerations are taken into account. The term "development management" is often abbreviated to DM.

WNYI is a religious television station licensed to Ithaca, New York, United States, serving the Elmira, Binghamton and Syracuse television markets as an owned-and-operated station of the Daystar Television Network. The station's transmitter is located on Quarry Road in Moravia, New York. It shares its channel and tower with co-owned WDSS-LD, a low-power translator station that previously broadcast on UHF channel 38 from a transmitter in Onondaga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KROQ (1500 AM)</span> Radio station in Burbank, California (1952–1984)

KROQ was a radio station licensed to Burbank, California, serving the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

WRTE is an American radio station broadcasting a public radio / jazz format. It is licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States, and serves the city of Chicago. The station is owned by Chicago Public Media. WRTE broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heritage Victoria</span>

Heritage Victoria is a branch of the Victorian Department of Transport and Planning. It is the regulator responsible for administering the Heritage Act 2017. The Heritage Act provides for the protection and conservation of the cultural heritage of Victoria and establishes the Victorian Heritage Register and Heritage Inventory. The Register is a list of places and objects which are of significance to the State of Victoria. The Inventory is a list of known historical archaeological sites. Both statutory lists can be searched via the Victorian Heritage Database.

Building officials of developed countries are generally the jurisdictional administrator of building and construction codes, engineering calculation supervision, permits, facilities management, and accepted construction procedures.

Business licenses are permits issued by government agencies that allow individuals or companies to conduct business within the government's geographical jurisdiction. It is the authorization to start a business issued by the local government. A single jurisdiction often requires multiple licenses that are issued by multiple government departments and agencies. Business licenses vary between countries, states, and local municipalities. There are often many licenses, registrations and certifications required to conduct a business in a single location.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Building engineer</span>

A building engineer is recognised as being expert in the use of technology for the design, construction, assessment and maintenance of the built environment. Commercial Building Engineers are concerned with the planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as with their impacts on the surrounding environment.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">15 Penn Plaza</span> Proposed skyscraper in Manhattan, New York

15 Penn Plaza, also known as PENN15 and Vornado Tower, is a planned office tower to be constructed by Vornado Realty Trust on Seventh Avenue between 32nd and 33rd Streets in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The building, designed by Foster and Partners, will contain 430 units on 61 floors and 2,050,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of floor space as well as passageways to the adjacent Pennsylvania Station, 34th Street–Herald Square station, and the 33rd Street terminal of the PATH. Despite only having 61 floors, it is planned to be 1,270 feet (390 m) tall, 20 feet (6.1 m) taller than the mooring mast or spire of the Empire State Building two blocks east. The timing of construction will be dependent on market conditions. Vornado is currently exploring using the site for "fashion shows or other temporary uses" until market conditions warrant construction of the building.

KSKQ is a non-member project owned exclusively by the Multicultural Association of Southern Oregon (MCASO) as a non-commercial educational (NCE) community FM radio station licensed by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to the MCASO in Ashland, Oregon, United States. Originally a low power LPFM station, it was upgraded to a full-power NCE station in June 2011. Its studio is located in Ashland. The original transmitter was just southeast of the city, but has now been dismantled in favor of a better site on Table Mountain. KSKQ has been streaming locally produced and nationally syndicated programming over the Internet since 2005. In 2007, it also began broadcasting over the airwaves at 94.9 FM.

KKXA is a commercial radio station licensed to Snohomish, Washington and serving the Seattle metropolitan area. The station's broadcast license is held by CAAM Partnership, LLC., an entity controlled by the Skotdal family, which also publishes the Everett Post newspaper. The KKXA studios are shared with sister station AM 1380 KRKO at the Key Tower building in downtown Everett, Washington. The transmitter is off Short School Road in Snohomish. KKXA airs a classic country radio format.

WPSJ-CD, is a low-power Class A television station affiliated with the Visión Latina Spanish-language television network serving Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, that is licensed to Hammonton, New Jersey. The station is owned by HC2 Holdings, with a transmitter located in Waterford Township, New Jersey.

References

  1. ↑ Harwood, Richard (24 September 2015). Planning Permission. International Specialized Book Services. ISBN   9781780434919 . Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "Planning permission - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. UK Government. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  3. ↑ "Demolition Plan Check/Permit Application" (PDF). Santa Monica. 2017-06-05. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  4. ↑ "How Do I Get Planning Permission in NSW? - The Design Partnership". thedesignpartnership.com.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  5. ↑ "Planning permissions and liquor licences". www.vcglr.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  6. ↑ Portal, Planning. "Do you need permission? | Planning Portal". www.planningportal.co.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  7. ↑ Planning, Department of Environment, Land, Water and. "Planning applications". www.dtpli.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Building permits - annual data, Eurostat, accessed 2024
  9. ↑ Manville, Michael, et al. "Does Discretion Delay Development? The Impact of Approval Pathways on Multifamily Housing’s Time to Permit." Journal of the American Planning Association 89.3 (2023): 336-347.
  10. ↑ Construction Permits Radio-Locator.com
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