Sogyal Rinpoche

Last updated

Sogyal Rinpoche
SR for wiki (cropped).jpg
Title Rinpoche
Personal
Born
Sonam Gyaltsen Lakar

1947 (1947)
Trehor, Kham, Tibet
Died28 August 2019 (aged 72)
Bangkok, Thailand
Religion Tibetan Buddhism
School Dzogchen, Nyingma
Senior posting
Teacher Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Nyoshul Khen Rinpoche
Reincarnation Tertön Sogyal
Students
Website rigpa.org

Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan : བསོད་རྒྱལ་, Wylie : Bsod-rgyal; 1947 – 28 August 2019) was a Tibetan Dzogchen lama. He was recognized as the incarnation of a Tibetan master and visionary saint of the 19th century, Tertön Sogyal Lerab Lingpa. Sogyal Rinpoche was the founder and former spiritual director of Rigpa — an international network of over 100 Buddhist centres and groups in 23 countries around the world — and the author of the best-selling book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying , which has been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries. [1] Before his retirement, in the wake of abuse allegations in 2017, [2] he had been teaching for 40 years in Europe, America, Asia and Australia. [3]

Contents

Sogyal Rinpoche had been accused of sexual and physical assault and abuse, as well as misusing charitable funds, with allegations stretching back to the 1970s. [4] [5] In 2017, Rigpa announced these allegations would be investigated by an outside party and a report has now been published, upholding most of the allegations. [6] Sogyal Rinpoche did not respond to the report but stated that "I am clear in my own mind that I have never, ever, acted towards anyone with a motive of selfish gain or harmful intent." [7]

Life

Early life and education

Sogyal Rinpoche was born Sonam Gyaltsen Lakar in 1947 in what the Tibetans called the Trehor region of Kham, Tibet. [8] According to his mother, the patron of his courtesan aunt and de facto stepfather, Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, recognized him as the incarnation of Tertön Sogyal and supervised his education at Dzongsar Monastery. [9] He studied traditional subjects with several tutors, including Khenpo Appey, who was appointed as his tutor by Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö. [9] [10]

Sogyal Rinpoche attended a Catholic school in Kalimpong, India and then studied at Delhi University in India's capital before coming to the West. In 1971, he was granted a place to study comparative religion at Trinity College, Cambridge as a visiting scholar. [11] He continued to study with many masters, of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, especially Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche. [12] He first began to translate for Dudjom Rinpoche in Kalimpong in India [13] and later continued in the role of his translator in Europe and during a tour of the United States. [14] In 1973 he assisted in organizing the Dalai Lama's first visit to the West in Rome, which included an audience with Pope Paul VI. [7]

Teaching and establishing Rigpa

Sogyal Rinpoche began to teach in London in 1974. His centre, a house in Kilburn, was originally called Orgyen Chöling. The name later changed to Dzogchen Orgyen Chöling. Dudjom Rinpoche also asked Sogyal Rinpoche to take care of his centre in Rue Burq, Paris, which opened in 1978.[ citation needed ] In 1979, Sogyal Rinpoche chose the name Rigpa—the innermost, essential nature of mind—for his work. [15]

Rigpa soon established an annual schedule of longer seminars, referred to as retreats, with Sogyal Rinpoche and other teachers leading events in France in the summer, California at Thanksgiving, Germany in Winter, followed by Myall Lakes in Australia, and then England at Easter.[ citation needed ] The first winter event at Kirchheim in Germany took place in December 1986, [16] annual retreats in Tiona Park in Australia began in 1989, and the first Thanksgiving retreat in the US was in Oakland in 1988.[ citation needed ]

In 1987, Rinpoche was invited to become spiritual director of the centre in County Cork in the west of Ireland which was to become Dzogchen Beara, Rigpa's first long-term retreat facility. [17] In 1991, Sogyal Rinpoche founded the retreat centre of Lerab Ling near Montpellier in southern France. The first three-month retreat was held there in 1992. [18] A centre in Berlin named Dharma Mati was formally opened in October 2007.[ citation needed ]

On 11 August 2017, following allegations of physical, emotional and sexual abuse from current and ex-members of Rigpa, Sogyal Rinpoche "decided, with immediate effect, to retire as spiritual director from all the organizations that bear the name of Rigpa in different countries around the world". [2]

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying

In 1983, Rinpoche met Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, Kenneth Ring and other figures in the caring professions and near-death research, and they encouraged him to develop his work in opening up the Tibetan teachings on death and helping the dying.[ citation needed ] Rinpoche continued to teach throughout the world. Then, in 1989 in Nepal, Rinpoche met Andrew Harvey and invited him to help on the project. [19] About the writing process, co-editor Patrick Gaffney said, "Probably, a book has never been written in such an unusual way." [19]

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying was first launched in the United States in September 1992, where it received high acclaim and spent several weeks at the top of the bestseller lists. [20] It was subsequently released in the United Kingdom, Australia and India, and first translated into German and French. To date, more than two million copies have been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries. [21]

Conferences and events

Rinpoche was a regular speaker at conferences around the world, addressing topics such as Buddhism in the modern world, death and dying, meditation and happiness. In 2004, he served as a keynote speaker at the Parliament of the World's Religions, where over 8,000 religious leaders and lay people gathered in Barcelona in Spain to discuss the issues of religious violence, access to safe water, the fate of refugees worldwide, and the elimination of developing countries' debts. [22] In August 2008 he joined Robert Thurman at the Aspen Institute in Aspen, Colorado, to speak about "Tibet’s Unique Buddhist Heritage" as part of a symposium called "His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Aspen: A Celebration of Tibetan Culture", organized jointly with the Conservancy for Tibetan Art and Culture. [23] In October 2010 he gave a keynote speech on "Tibetan Buddhism in Modern Western Culture" at the International Conference on Tibetan Buddhism held at Emory University. [24] In 2011, he was a keynote speaker and participant in the Global Buddhist Congregation in Delhi which brought together "religious, spiritual and world leaders, as well as 800 scholars, delegates and observers from 32 countries." [25] "The goal was to examine both the capacity and the resilience of Buddhism to engage with the most pressing concerns of the modern world, namely violence, social and economic disparity, environmental degradation and discord between and within communities and nations" and "to contribute to cultivating and fostering peace, harmony, co-existence and a shared responsibility amidst the diversity of cultures, communities and nations." [25] In 2012, he was a keynote speaker at the Happiness and Its Causes conference in Sydney. [26]

In the East

Sogyal Rinpoche performing an empowerment ritual in Bhutan SR wang with PM.jpg
Sogyal Rinpoche performing an empowerment ritual in Bhutan

Rinpoche taught regularly in India, especially in Delhi at the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. [27] He also taught in the Himalayan regions of Sikkim, where he lived for part of his childhood, and Bhutan. He had been teaching annually in Bhutan since 2007 and his teachings were regularly shown on television there. [28] The first Prime Minister of Bhutan and champion of its philosophy of Gross National Happiness, Lyonchen Jigme Yoser Thinley, regularly attended Rinpoche's teachings. [29] Sogyal Rinpoche said that he decided to make teaching in Bhutan a priority since it is the only remaining independent Vajrayana Buddhist country in the world. He also said that "today’s younger generation in the Himalayan region needed to understand the Dharma in a practical way" and that "understanding the Dharma in a real way is an important and integral part of the development of Bhutan." [29]

In 1998, Rinpoche was formally offered the throne of Tertön Sogyal's home monastery in Tibet, Kalzang Monastery, by the abbot, Sherab Özer Rinpoche, in a ceremony in France. [30]

Death

Sogyal Rinpoche died, aged 72, of a pulmonary embolism on 28 August 2019 in Thailand [31] where he was being treated for colorectal cancer. [7]

Teaching

According to Stephen Batchelor, Sogyal Rinpoche "is known for his sense of humour, indefatigable energy, forthrightness and periodic eccentricity." [11] In his teachings, he often focused on the Buddhist understanding of the mind, and what is known in the Tibetan tradition as the nature of mind, pristine awareness or rigpa, along with meditation as a means for ultimately realizing the nature of mind. Other common topics were death and dying, which is one of the main themes of his book, "The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying".

In what he saw as a continuation of the non-sectarian Rimé (Tib. ris med) movement, which rose to prominence in eastern Tibet in the nineteenth century, he frequently referred to teachings of all Tibetan traditions, and also quoted from non-Tibetan sources, such as the Dhammapada, [32] and teachers belonging to other traditions such as the Zen master, Shunryu Suzuki. [33] He wrote:

I feel there is an intriguing parallel between the extraordinary richness of the spiritual culture of Tibet at the time of the great pioneers of this Rimé movement, like Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrul, and the great variety of lineages we find in the West today. In some ways the Rimé vision offers a model of how the Dharma must continue in the West and in America, with total respect for our separate authentic traditions, and yet with an eye to the creativity and resourcefulness of different branches of Buddha-dharma as they have settled into the American landscape. We can all inspire, help, and network with one another, yet without confusion or inappropriate mixing of our traditions. [34]

Rinpoche liked to recount stories of his own teachers and to stress the importance of devotion, often quoting Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, who said, "Devotion is the essence of the path." [35] Still, according to Charles Tart, he "encourages his students to direct their devotion toward his teachers rather than toward him personally, even though most of Tibetan Buddhism puts tremendous emphasis on devotion towards one's teacher." [36]

Abuse allegations

In 1994, a $10 million civil lawsuit was filed against Sogyal Rinpoche. [37] It was alleged that he had used his position as a spiritual leader to induce one of his female students to have sexual relations with him. The complaint included accusations of infliction of emotional distress, breach of fiduciary duty, as well as assault and battery. [38] [39] The lawsuit was settled out of court.

In 2011, related allegations were introduced by journalist Mary Finnigan, who was also the main author of the original article in 1995. [40] [41]

In 2014, Marion Dapsance reported on her seven-year investigation of Sogyal Rinpoche. [42] [43] The experiences of one of her respondents, "Mimi", a long-term female attendant of Sogyal Rinpoche, were also published in 2016 in l'Obs detailing the sexual and psychological abuse she and her fellow-attendants endured. [44] [45] In 2015, the long-term director of Rigpa France, Olivier Raurich, left the organisation "in protest against the dictatorial atmosphere". [46] Another victim of Sogyal Rinpoche spoke out in the Dutch current affairs program Brandpunt on 13 June 2017. [47] [48] [49]

On 20 July 2017, Buddhist publication Lion's Roar published an article with excerpts from a letter written and sent to Sogyal Rinpoche by current and former senior Rigpa students, filled with details of accusations. [50] [51] The eight students were all long-serving Rigpa members, many holding senior positions within the Rigpa organization, including directors, a former board member, and personal assistants to Sogyal Rinpoche. The twelve page letter, dated 14 July 2017, explicitly describes sexual, physical, and emotional abuse by Sogyal Rinpoche of Rigpa students, extending over a long period. It states that they have been beaten severely, were asked to perform sexual acts and lie in order to conceal Sogyal's misbehavior. [46] The letter also describes that Sogyal has a lavish and indulgent lifestyle, and depicts a cavalier use of donations to support this lifestyle, and a tyrannical and abusive manner towards those who worked closely with him and who were often key in managing the Rigpa organization. [50] [51]

The letter also states that the public face of Sogyal Rinpoche was carefully crafted and managed to promote a person who was wise, compassionate, and virtually infallible, an image which was greatly at odds with the private Sogyal Rinpoche, whose abusive and narcissistic personality and deeds were kept hidden at great effort from the public and the wider Rigpa sangha by his inner circle. [50] [51]

Matthieu Ricard, a close adviser to the Dalai Lama, has stated that Sogyal-Lakar's behaviour, as described in the letter, "is obviously unacceptable — from the point of view of ordinary morality, let alone that of Buddhist ethics. This is all the more so given the considerable suffering that has resulted from such actions". [52] [53]

On 1 August 2017, at a conference held in Ladakh, India, the Dalai Lama addressed the issue of misconduct in Buddhist communities, saying "Sogyal Rinpoche, my very good friend. Now he is disgraced." [54] This criticism was extended to Rigpa's organisation during an interaction with students from the University of California, San Diego, at his residence in Dharamsala on 6 September 2017. [55]

On 3 August 2017, the French Buddhist Union (L’Union Bouddhiste de France) suspended the membership of Rigpa France and its Rigpa Lérab Ling Centre [56] , and lifted the suspension in 2019 [57] .

On 11 August 2017, Sogyal retired from his position as Rigpa's spiritual director in the wake of the abuse allegations. [46]

On 5 September 2018, Rigpa released the report produced by the investigation of UK law firm Lewis Silkin LLP. [58]

Films and documentaries

Sogyal Rinpoche appeared in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1993 film Little Buddha in the role of Kenpo Tenzin. [59] He featured in Frank Cvitanovich's The Making of a Modern Mystic, made for the BBC in 1993. [60] He was also the subject of a documentary by German filmmaker Boris Penth called Sogyal Rinpoche: Ancient Wisdom for the Modern World (Mitgefühl, Weisheit und Humor), which includes interviews with John Cleese and former Tibetan prime minister Samdhong Rinpoche. [61] It was premiered at the International Buddhist Film Festival in London in 2008 [62] and shown in other film festivals around the world. [63] He is also featured in Sasha Meyerowitz's 2008 documentary Teachings on Milarepa. [64]

His alleged sexual and spiritual abuses are discussed in the 2022 German-French ARTE documentary, Buddhismus: Missbrauch im Namen der Erleuchtung ("Buddhism: Abuse in the name of enlightenment") by Elodie Emery and Wandrille Lanos. [65]

YearTitleRoleNotes
1993 Little Buddha Kenpo Tenzin

Publications

Books

Articles and contributions

Forewords and introductions

Related Research Articles

A tulku is a distinctive and significant aspect of Tibetan Buddhism, embodying the concept of enlightened beings taking corporeal forms to continue the lineage of specific teachings. The term "tulku" has its origins in the Tibetan word "sprul sku", which originally referred to an emperor or ruler taking human form on Earth, signifying a divine incarnation. Over time, this term evolved within Tibetan Buddhism to denote the corporeal existence of highly accomplished Buddhist masters whose purpose is to ensure the preservation and transmission of a particular lineage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dilgo Khyentse</span> Buddhist Vajrayana master, scholar, poet, and teacher (1910–1991)

Tashi Paljor, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche was a Vajrayana master, scholar, poet, teacher, and recognized by Buddhists as one of the greatest realized masters. Head of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism from 1988 to 1991, he is also considered an eminent proponent of the Rime tradition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rimé movement</span> Non-sectarian movement within Tibetan Buddhism

The Rimé movement is a movement or tendency in Tibetan Buddhism which promotes non-sectarianism and universalism. Teachers from all branches of Tibetan Buddhism – Sakya, Kagyu, Nyingma, Jonang, Gelug, and Bon – have been involved in the promoting Rimé ideals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nyingma</span> School of Tibetan Buddhism

Nyingma, often referred to as Ngangyur, is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The Nyingma school is founded on the first lineages and translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan in the eighth century, during the reign of King Trisong Detsen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surya Das</span> American lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition

Surya Das is an American lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. He is a poet, chantmaster, spiritual activist, author of many popular works on Buddhism, meditation teacher and spokesperson for Buddhism in the West. He has long been involved in charitable relief projects in the developing world and in interfaith dialogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo</span> Tibetan educator, scholar, and tertön (1820–1892)

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, also known by his tertön title, Pema Ösel Dongak Lingpa, was a teacher, scholar and tertön of 19th-century Tibet. He was a leading figure in the Rimé movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jigme Phuntsok</span> Tibetan lama (1933–2004)

Kyabje Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok,, was a Nyingma lama and Terton from Sertha Region. His family were Tibetan nomads. At the age of five he was recognized "as a reincarnation of Lerab Lingpa. Known also as Nyala Sogyel and Terton Sogyel, Lerab Lingpa was an eclectic and highly influential tantric visionary from the eastern Tibetan area of Nyarong ." He studied Dzogchen at Nubzor Monastery, received novice ordination at 14, and full ordination at 22. In 1980, he founded Larung Gar, the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastic academy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche</span> Tibetan Buddhist abbot and scholar

The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop is an abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, founder and spiritual director of Nalandabodhi, founder of Nītārtha Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies, a leading Tibetan Buddhist scholar, and a meditation master. He is one of the highest tülkus in the Nyingma lineage and an accomplished Karma Kagyu lineage holder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö</span>

Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö was a Tibetan lama, a master of many lineages, and a teacher of many of the major figures in 20th-century Tibetan Buddhism. Though he died in 1959 in Sikkim, and is not so well known in the West; he was a major proponent of the Rimé movement within Tibetan Buddhism, and had a profound influence on many of the Tibetan lamas teaching today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje</span>

Kyabje Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje was known as Terchen Drodül Lingpa and as Dudjom Rinpoche. He is considered by many Tibetan Buddhists to be from a line of important Tulku lineage, and a renowned Tertön. Per lineage, he was a direct incarnation of both Padmasambhava and Dudjom Lingpa (1835–1904). He was a Nyingma householder, yogi, and a Vajrayana and Dzogchen master. According to his disciple Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal, he was revered as "His Holiness" and as a "Master of Masters".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sherab Sangpo</span>

Sherab Sangpo

In Dzogchen, rainbow body (Tibetan: འཇའ་ལུས་, Wylie: 'ja' lus, Jalü or Jalus) is a level of realization. This may or may not be accompanied by the 'rainbow body phenomenon'. The rainbow body phenomenon is pre-Buddhist in origin, and is a topic which has been treated fairly seriously in Tibet for centuries past and into the modern era. Other Vajrayana teachings also mention rainbow body phenomena which occurs during or after the death process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patrul Rinpoche</span> Tibetan Buddhist teacher (Nyingma school) (1808–1887)

Patrul Rinpoche (1808–1887) was a teacher and author from the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tertön Sogyal</span> Tibetan Buddhist tertön

Tertön Sogyal Lerab Lingpa was a Tibetan Buddhist tertön and a teacher of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama.

<i>The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying</i> 1992 book by Sogyal Rinpoche

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, written by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1992, is a presentation of the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead or Bardo Thodol. The author wrote, "I have written The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying as the quintessence of the heart-advice of all my masters, to be a new Tibetan Book of the Dead and a Tibetan Book of Life." The book explores: the message of impermanence; evolution, karma and rebirth; the nature of mind and how to train the mind through meditation; how to follow a spiritual path in this day and age; the practice of compassion; how to care for and show love to the dying, and spiritual practices for the moment of death.

Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, 1894–1977, known also as Negi Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, Tenzin Gyaltsen, and various other names like Kunu Rinpoche, Kunu Lama and Negi Lama, was born in 1894 in the village of Sunam which lies in the Kinnaur district of India in the western Himalayas. He passed away at the age of 82 at Shashur Monastery in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachel Pradesh on February 23rd, 1977 while teaching the final page of Gampopa's Jewel Ornament of Liberation. Khunu Rinpoche was not officially recognized as a tulku, nor was he an ordained Buddhist monk, but a layman who had taken lay practitioner's vows before becoming a Tibetan Buddhist master.

Orgyen Kusum Lingpa (1934-2009) was a Tibetan terton and Nyingma lineage holder within Tibetan Buddhism. His name means "Holder of the Sanctuary of the Trikaya of Oddiyana Padmasambhava."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche</span> Tibetan lama

Nyoshül Khenpo Rinpoche, more fully Nyoshül Khenpo Jamyang Dorje, was a Tibetan lama born in the Derge region of Kham.

Rigpa is the name of an international Buddhist organization founded by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1979. It has centers and groups in 41 countries around the world. Following allegations of sexual and physical abuse in a letter by former students in 2017, Rigpa commissioned an independent investigation which found those claims to be largely substantiated, along with evidence of a cover-up. According to its website, Rigpa seeks to make the teachings of Buddha available to benefit as many people as possible, and to offer those following the Buddhist teachings a complete path of study and practice, along with the environment they need to explore the teachings to their fullest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patrick Gaffney (Buddhist)</span>

Patrick John Gaffney is an English author, editor, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism who studied at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the main directors and teachers of Rigpa—the international network of Buddhist centres and groups founded by Sogyal Rinpoche. As of April 2019, Gaffney has been disqualified by the UK Charity Commission from acting as a trustee in all charities for a period of 8 years.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ "Tibetan_Book_of_Living_and_Dying". 14 June 2007. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007.
  2. 1 2 Sperry, Rod Meade (12 August 2017). "After allegations, Sogyal Rinpoche retires from Rigpa". Lion's Roar. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  3. ↑ "Rigpa.org: Sogyal Rinpoche". Archived from the original on 1 July 2007.
  4. ↑ Brown, Mick (2 February 1995). "The Precious One". The Telegraph Magazine.
  5. ↑ Brown, Mick (21 September 2017). "Sexual assaults and violent rages... Inside the dark world of Buddhist teacher Sogyal Rinpoche". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  6. ↑ "Rigpa Announces Plans for Independent Investigation of Abuse Allegations". WHAT NOW?. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 Craig Lewis (28 August 2019). "Former Rigpa Head Sogyal Rinpoche Passes Away in Thailand". buddhistdoor.net. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  8. ↑ Nyoshul Khenpo Jamyang Dorje (2005), A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage, Padma Publications, p. 462
  9. 1 2 Coleman, Graham (1993). A Handbook of Tibetan Culture. London: Rider. p. 217. ISBN   0-7126-5663-4.
  10. ↑ Khenpo, Nyoshul (2005). A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems. California: Padma Publishing. pp. 462–3. ISBN   1-881847-41-1.
  11. 1 2 Batchelor (1994) , p. 76
  12. ↑ "Lotsawa House: Sogyal Rinpoche".
  13. ↑ Rinpoche, Sogyal (2002). The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying . New York: HarperCollins. ISBN   0-06-250834-2.
  14. ↑ Prebish, Charles S. (1999). Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America . Berkeley: University of California. pp.  43–44. ISBN   978-0-520-21697-6.
  15. ↑ "The History of Rigpa", The Rigpa Journal, volume 2
  16. ↑ Germany "Rigpa Germany". Rigpa Wiki.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  17. ↑ "Home". Dzogchen Beara.
  18. ↑ "Lerab Ling - Home". www.lerabling.org.
  19. 1 2 Patrick Gaffney (Summer 1994). "Finding the Voice". View Magazine.
  20. ↑ 'Best Sellers'. The New York Times Book Review. 3 January 1993
  21. ↑ "Tibetan lamas provide more nutritious 'chicken soup'" . Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  22. ↑ "The Parliament of the World's Religions 2004". Archived from the original on 18 July 2004.
  23. ↑ "The Dalai Lama at Aspen: A Celebration of Tibetan Culture Video". The Aspen Institute. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  24. ↑ "ICTB Video". Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  25. 1 2 "Global Buddhist Congregation Context". Asoka Mission. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  26. ↑ Headspace | Happiness and Its Causes 2012 Archived 17 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ "Teachings on Buddhist Meditation by Sogyal RInpoche, 16th April, India Habitat Centre". Archived from the original on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  28. ↑ "Rigpa | Bhutan TV teachings available".
  29. 1 2 "The pursuit of happiness in a Buddhist vehicle". Kuenselonline. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  30. ↑ Pistono, Matteo (2011). In the Shadow of the Buddha: Secret Journeys, Sacred Histories, and Spiritual Discovery in Tibet. New York: Dutton. p. 237. ISBN   978-0-525-95119-3.
  31. ↑ Littlefair, Sam. "Buddhist teacher Sogyal Rinpoche dead, age 72 - Lion's Roar".
  32. ↑ "'The Path to Happiness' A Dhamma Talk by Sogyal Rinpoche". BUDDHA DHYANA DANA REVIEW.
  33. ↑ "Essential Advice on Meditation". Rigpa San Francisco Bay Area. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
  34. ↑ Rinpoche, Sogyal (2003). The Spirit of Buddhism. HarperOne. pp.  3–4. ISBN   978-0-06-053995-5.
  35. ↑ Schmidt, Marcia (2004). Dzogchen Essentials: The Path That Clarifies Confusion. Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Publications. p. 137. ISBN   978-962-7341-53-6.
  36. ↑ Tart (1994) , p.  92
  37. ↑ Finnigan, Mary (10 January 1995). "Sexual healing". The Guardian . p. 19.
  38. ↑ Lattin, Don (10 November 1994). "Best-selling Buddhist author accused of sexual abuse". The San Francisco Free Press. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  39. ↑ Brown, Mick (2 February 1995). "The Precious One". Telegraph Magazine. pp. 20–29.
  40. ↑ Finnigan, Mary (1 July 2011). "Lama sex abuse claims call Buddhist taboos into question". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  41. ↑ Monaghan, Gabrielle (12 June 2011). "Bad karma: Buddhist leader faces claims of sex exploitation made by woman who was asked to undress". The Sunday Times. p. 3.
  42. ↑ Marion Dapsance (2014), When fraud is part of a spiritual path ~ A Tibetan lama’s plays on reality and illusion.
  43. ↑ Marion Dapsance (2016), Submission, devotion and sexual abuse: my investigation of Buddhism in France
  44. ↑ ""Ferme la porte à clés." J'ai été dévouée à un grand maître bouddhiste, avant de m'enfuir - le Plus". leplus.nouvelobs.com.
  45. ↑ ""Lock the door." – I was devoted to a great Buddhist master, and then I quit". 1 December 2016.
  46. 1 2 3 Germany, Süddeutsche de GmbH, Munich. "SZ international". Süddeutsche.de.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ↑ "Abuse in the Buddhist community: this victim tells her story for the first time". 21 June 2017.
  48. ↑ Brandpunt, Misbruik boeddhistische gemeenschap
  49. ↑ Boeddhistisch Dagblad (14 June 2017), Documentaire Brandpunt – Oana Bijlsma voelt zich slachtoffer van Sogyal rinpoche
  50. 1 2 3 Sperry, Rod Meade; Littlefair, Sam (20 July 2017). "Letter to Sogyal Rinpoche from current and ex-Rigpa members details abuse allegations". Lion’s Roar.
  51. 1 2 3 "Unedited Letter to Sogyal Laker from Rigpa Students, 14 July, 2017" (PDF).
  52. ↑ Elodie Emery, Scandale chez les bouddhistes : Matthieu Ricard recommande aux disciples plus de vigilance, Marianne, 28 July 2017.
  53. ↑ Matthieu Ricard, A point of view, Matthieu Ricard Blog, 29 July 2017.
  54. ↑ Dalaï Lama denounces ethical misconduct by Buddhist teachers, lionsroar.com, 8 August 2017.
  55. ↑ "Dalai Lama about Sogyal Rinpoche and Rigpa with students from the University of California". Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  56. ↑ Communiqué suite au scandale lié à Sogyal Rinpoché, UBF, 3 August 2017
  57. ↑ "Annuaire des membres". L'UBF : Fédération des Associations Bouddhistes de France (in French). Retrieved 3 November 2020..
  58. ↑ "Independent Investigation Report". Rigpa. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  59. ↑ Little Buddha#Casting of Tibetan lamas
  60. ↑ "The Making of a Modern Mystic". spiritualityandpractice.com. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  61. ↑ "Sogyal Rinpoche: Ancient Wisdom For The Modern World". BOS. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  62. ↑ "Sogyal Rinpoche: Ancient Wisdom for the modern world - Buddhist Film Festival Europe". bffe.org. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  63. ↑ "Compassion, Wisdom and Humour" . Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  64. ↑ Teachings on Milarepa. OCLC   276998181 – via WorldCat.
  65. ↑ "Buddhismus: Missbrauch im Namen der Erleuchtung - Die ganze Doku". ARTE (in German). Retrieved 27 September 2022.

Works cited

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.