The Commonwealth of the Philippines was an unincorporated territory and commonwealth of the United States that existed from 1935 to 1946. It was established following the Tydings–McDuffie Act to replace the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands and was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for full Philippine independence. Its foreign affairs remained managed by the United States.
The 1st Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from May 25, 1946, until December 13, 1949, during the 22-month presidency of Manuel Roxas and the first two years of Elpidio Quirino's presidency. The body was originally convened as the 2nd Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. On August 5, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was approved, renaming the body as the 1st Congress of the Philippines.
The 3rd Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 25, 1954, until December 10, 1957, during the 39-month presidency of Ramon Magsaysay and the first nine months of Carlos P. García's presidency.
The 4th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 27, 1958, until December 13, 1961, during the second term of President Carlos P. Garcia.
The 5th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 22, 1962, until December 17, 1965, during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal.
The 9th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1992, until June 9, 1995, during the first three years of Fidel Ramos's presidency. The convening of the 9th Congress follows the 1992 national elections, where, under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, the first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a six-year term while the next 12 senators would have a three-year term and the entire membership of the House of Representatives was replaced.
The National Assembly of the Philippines refers to the legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1941, and of the Second Philippine Republic during the Japanese occupation. The National Assembly of the Commonwealth was created under the 1935 Constitution, which served as the Philippines' fundamental law to prepare it for its independence from the United States of America.
The 1st Philippine Legislature was the first session of the Philippine Legislature, the first representative legislature of the Philippines. Then known as the Philippine Islands, the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States through the Insular Government. The Philippine Legislature consisted of an appointed upper house, the Philippine Commission, and an elected lower house, the Philippine Assembly. These bodies were the predecessors of the Philippine Senate and Philippine House of the Philippine Congress.
The 2nd Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from March 28, 1910, to February 6, 1912.
The 3rd Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from October 16, 1912, to February 24, 1916.
The 4th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States from October 16, 1916, to March 8, 1919.
José Yulo was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation and was Speaker of the National Assembly of the Philippines from 1939 until World War II started in 1941. Yulo served in all of the branches of government: the legislative as House Speaker, congressman, and senator; the executive as Secretary of Justice and member of the Cabinet; and the judiciary as the Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He and his family also owned the Canlubang Sugar Estate that they bought in 1948.
The 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, also known as the Postwar Congress, and the Liberation Congress, refers to the meeting of the bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, from 1945 to 1946. The meeting only convened after the reestablishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1945 when President Sergio Osmeña called it to hold five special sessions. Osmeña had replaced Manuel L. Quezon as president after the former died in exile in the United States in 1944.
The 1st National Assembly of the Philippines was the meeting of the legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from November 25, 1935 until August 15, 1938, during the first three years of Manuel L. Quezon's presidency.
The 5th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1919 to 1922.
The 6th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1922 to 1925.
The 7th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1925 to 1928.
The 8th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States from 1928 to 1930.
The 9th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1931 to 1934.
The 10th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1934 to 1935.
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