The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower house of Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the Senate of the Philippines as the upper house. The lower house is usually called Congress, although the term collectively refers to both houses.
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper house of Congress of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines with the House of Representatives as the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large under plurality-at-large voting.
The minority leader in U.S. politics is the floor leader of the second largest caucus in a legislative body. Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system, the minority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat. The position could be considered similar to that of the leader of the opposition in parliamentary systems. In bicameral legislatures, the counterpart to the minority leader in the lower house is the speaker, and the majority leader is hence only the second-most senior member of the majority caucus. Contrastingly, in upper houses, the titular speaker is frequently a separately elected officer such as a lieutenant governor or vice president.
The Commission on Appointments is a constitutional body which confirms or rejects certain political appointments made by the President of the Philippines. The current commission was created by the 1987 Constitution.
A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislative body, whether it be a national or sub-national legislature. They are their party's most senior member of parliament (MP) in most parliamentary democracies.
The 1st Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from May 25, 1946, until December 13, 1949, during the 22-month presidency of Manuel Roxas and the first two years of Elpidio Quirino's presidency. The body was originally convened as the Second Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. On August 5, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was approved, renaming the body as the First Congress of the Philippines.
The 3rd Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 25, 1954, until December 10, 1957, during the 39-month presidency of Ramon Magsaysay and the first nine months of Carlos P. García's presidency.
The 4th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 27, 1958, until December 13, 1961, during the second term of President Carlos P. Garcia.
The 5th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 22, 1962, until December 17, 1965, during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal.
The 12th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 23, 2001, until June 4, 2004, during the first three years of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 12th Congress followed the 2001 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
The 8th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1987, until June 17, 1992, during the presidency of Corazon Aquino. This was the first Congress after the ratification of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
The 9th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1992, until June 9, 1995, during the first three years of Fidel Ramos's presidency. The convening of the 9th Congress follows the 1992 national elections, where, under the transitory provisions of the Constitution, the first 12 senators who garnered the highest votes would have a six-year term while the next 12 senators would have a three-year term and the entire membership of the House of Representatives was replaced.
The 10th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 24, 1995, until June 5, 1998, during the last three years of Fidel Ramos's presidency. The convening of the 10th Congress followed the 1995 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
The 11th Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1998, until June 8, 2001, during the 31-month presidency of Joseph Estrada and the first four months of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 11th Congress followed the 1998 national elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives. The Estrada impeachment was the highlight of the 11th Congress.
The speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, more popularly known as the House speaker, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives, as well as the fourth-highest official of the government of the Philippines.
The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are the two Senators of the Philippines who are elected by their respective parties or coalitions as their official leaders. They serve as the chief spokesmen of their party with regard to their business in the Senate.
The deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines are the second highest-ranking officials of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. During the absence of the House speaker, one of the House deputy speakers will preside over the House of Representatives.
Neptali "Boyet" Medina Gonzales II is a Filipino politician serving as the Representative of Mandaluyong's Lone District since 2019, and previously in the 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th and 16th Congress. He was also one of the House Deputy Speakers during the entire 18th Congress and has been the House Majority Leader from 2001 to 2004 and again from 2010 to 2016.
The minority floor leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, or simply the House Minority floor leader, is the leader elected by the minority bloc of the House of Representatives of the Philippines that serves as their official leader in the body. He also manages the business of the minority party in the Senate. He is expected to be vigilant in the defense of the minority's rights. It is his function and duty to criticize constructively the policies and programs of the majority, and to this end employ parliamentary tactics and give close attention to all proposed legislation.
The House of Representatives Majority and Minority Leaders are the two members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines who are elected by their respective parties or coalitions as their official leaders. They serve as the chief spokesmen of their party with regard to their business in the Senate.
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