Alexander Hamilton (Ceracchi)

Last updated
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton by Ceracchi - marble, Crystal Bridges Museum.jpg
Ceracchi's original bust of Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, on display at Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas
Artist Giuseppe Ceracchi
Year1794 (1794)
TypeSculpture
MediumWhite marble
Subject Alexander Hamilton
Dimensions63.5 cm× 35.6 cm× 30.5 cm(25.0 in× 14.0 in× 12.0 in)

Alexander Hamilton is a marble bust portrait of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, done in the style of a Roman Senator, by the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchi. [1] Ceracchi also created many replicas, in both marble and plaster. The bust was later used as a model for several notable sculptures, paintings, and other works featuring Hamilton.

Contents

History

Development

Between 1791 and 1792, Ceracchi created a terracotta model of Alexander Hamilton, an American Founding Father and the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury during George Washington's presidency. [2] His initial work on the model was completed during Ceracchi's stay in Philadelphia, then the post-Revolutionary capital of the new nation.

The work was then sent to Rome, where Ceracci created the marble version. In July 1792, he wrote Hamilton saying he was "impatient to receive the clay that I had the satisfaction of forming from your witty and significant physiognomy". [3]

Presented to Hamilton

In 1794, Ceracchi returned to the United States, where he delivered the bust to Hamilton. He did not receive payment for it until March 3, 1796, when Hamilton's cash book includes the entry, "for this sum through delicacy paid upon cherachi’s draft for making my bust on his own importunity & as a favour to him $620" [4]

The Hamilton family kept the bust until 1896 when it was bequeathed to the New York Public Library along with a portrait of George Washington, The Constable-Hamilton Portrait , painted by Gilbert Stuart. [5]

2005 sale

Both works were subsequently sold together, as requested by the will, on November 30, 2005 to the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art for over $8 million. [2]

Current display locations

One of the original Ceracchi copies of the bust is now housed at Hamilton Grange in New York City. The original is on display at Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.[ citation needed ]

Description

Ceracchi portrayed Hamilton in the style of a Roman Senator, with wavy hair and bare-chested, wearing a ribbon of the Order of the Cincinnati over his right shoulder. [1] [2]

Inscription

Ceracchi inscribed the original work on the back of in Latin, which reads: [5]

DE FACIE PHILADELPHIAE
EX ECTIPO FLORENCIAE
FACIEBAT JOS. CERACCHI
CIDDCCLXXXXIV

The Latin inscription translates as, "Executed in Philadelphia and copied in Florence, Executed by Joseph Ceracchi, 1794." [2]

Legacy

Between 1804 and 1808, John Trumbull used the bust as a model for a series of portraits of Hamilton. [6] [7]

In 1870, the first U.S. Postal Service stamp to honor Hamilton was a 30-cent stamp, which used the bust as a model. [8]

In 1880, the bust then owned by Hamilton's son, John C. Hamilton, was used as a model for the head of the granite statue by Carl Conrads. [9]

At the Hamilton Grange National Memorial, the National Park Service installed a touch-screen display that features an avatar modeled after Ceracchi's bust. [10]

Legacy

Ceracchi was born July 4, 1751 in Rome and created busts for several founding fathers during multiple visits to Philadelphia following the American Revolutionary War.

After completing his work in Philadelphia, Ceracchi returned to Europe, visiting France, where he had once presented Napoleon with a bust. On his return to France, however, Napoleon turned against him. After experiencing an unsuccessful plot designed to depose him, Napoleon had Ceracchi guillotined at the Place de Grève on January 30, 1801 at age 49. [9] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Trumbull</span> American artist (1756–1843)

John Trumbull was an American painter and military officer best known for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Revolution". Trumbull's Declaration of Independence (1817), one of his four paintings that hang in the United States Capitol rotunda, is used on the reverse of the current United States two-dollar bill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Stirling Calder</span> American artist (1870–1945)

Alexander Stirling Calder was an American sculptor and teacher. He was the son of sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and the father of sculptor Alexander (Sandy) Calder. His best-known works are George Washington as President on the Washington Square Arch in New York City, the Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia, and the Leif Eriksson Memorial in Reykjavík, Iceland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Ordway Partridge</span> American sculptor, teacher and author

William Ordway Partridge was an American sculptor, teacher and author. Among his best-known works are the Shakespeare Monument in Chicago, the equestrian statue of General Grant in Brooklyn, the Pietà at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan, and the Pocahontas statue in Jamestown, Virginia.

George Washington (1732–1799) was the first president of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Launt Thompson</span> American sculptor

Launt Thompson was an American sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Seymour Damer</span> British sculptor (1748–1828)

Anne Seymour Damer was an English sculptor. Described as a 'female genius' by Horace Walpole, she was trained in sculpture by Giuseppe Ceracchi and John Bacon. Influenced by the Enlightenment movement, Damer was an author, traveller, theatrical producer and actress, as well as an acclaimed sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giuseppe Ceracchi</span> Italian sculptor

Giuseppe Ceracchi, also known as Giuseppe Cirachi, was an Italian sculptor active in a Neoclassic style. He worked in Italy, England, and in the United States following the nation's emergence following the American Revolutionary War.

Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America.

<i>William Rush and His Model</i> Painting series by Thomas Eakins

William Rush and His Model is the collective name given to several paintings by the American artist Thomas Eakins, one set from 1876–77 and the other from 1908. These works depict the American wood sculptor William Rush in 1808, carving his statue Water Nymph and Bittern for a fountain at Philadelphia's first waterworks. The water nymph is an allegorical figure representing the Schuylkill River, which provided the city's drinking water, and on her shoulder is a bittern, a native waterbird related to the heron. Hence, these Eakins works are also known as William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps</span> History of U.S. presidents on postage stamps

Presidents of the United States have frequently appeared on U.S. postage stamps since the mid-19th century. The United States Post Office Department released its first two postage stamps in 1847, featuring George Washington on one, and Benjamin Franklin on the other. The advent of presidents on postage stamps has been definitive to U.S. postage stamp design since the first issues were released and set the precedent that U.S. stamp designs would follow for many generations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmond Thomas Quinn</span> American sculptor and painter

Edmond Thomas Quinn was an American sculptor and painter. He is best known for his bronze statue of Edwin Booth as Hamlet, which stands at the center of Gramercy Park in New York City. His larger-than-lifesize bronze bust of Victor Herbert stands near The Pond in Central Park, New York City.

George Thomas Brewster (1862–1943) was an American sculptor and architectural sculptor, known for his portraits and war memorials. Brewster taught modeling at Cooper Union, beginning in 1900; at the Art Students League of New York, beginning in 1886; and at the Rhode Island School of Design, in 1893 and 1894.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Statue of Alexander Hamilton (Central Park)</span> Statue by Carl Conrads in Central Park, Manhattan, New York, U.S.

An outdoor granite sculpture of Alexander Hamilton by Carl Conrads is installed in Central Park, Manhattan, New York. Hamilton's son, John C. Hamilton, commissioned Conrads to sculpt this statue, which was dedicated on November 22, 1880, and donated to the city. Conrads used the bust of Hamilton created by the sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchi as a model for Hamilton's head.

<i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi) Sculpture by Giuseppe Ceracchi

George Washington is a marble bust portrait of George Washington, done in the style of a Roman emperor, by the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchi. It was created as part of a campaign by Ceracchi to build a larger monument to Washington. The bust was thought by many to be one of the most lifelike. It was later used as a model of Washington for works by other sculptors and engravers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Hamilton Shegogue</span> American painter

James Hamilton Shegogue was an American painter. He was described as a "man of unusual education, a proficient linguist, and a scientific explorer" by one contemporary.

<i>Alexander Hamilton</i> (Trumbull) 1792 portrait of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull

Alexander Hamilton is a 1792 full-length portrait of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull. It is one of multiple paintings John Trumbull made of Alexander Hamilton.

<i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull) 1780 painting by John Trumbull

George Washington, also entitled George Washington and William Lee, is a full-length portrait in oil painted in 1780 by the American artist John Trumbull during the American Revolutionary War. General George Washington stands near his enslaved servant William Lee, overlooking the Hudson River in New York, with West Point and ships in the background. Trumbull, who once served as an aide-de-camp to Washington, painted the picture from memory while studying under Benjamin West in London. He finished it before his arrest for high treason in November. The portrait, measuring 36 in × 28 in, is on view in Gallery 753 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Originally in the possession of the de Neufville family of the Netherlands, it was bequeathed to the museum by Charles Allen Munn in 1924.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maria Judson Strean</span> American painter

Maria Judson Strean was an American portraitist, recognized primarily for her artistic work as a miniaturist.

<i>General George Washington at Trenton</i> 1792 painting by John Trumbull

General George Washington at Trenton is a large full-length portrait in oil painted in 1792 by the American artist John Trumbull of General George Washington at Trenton, New Jersey, on the night of January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War. This is the night after the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, and before the decisive victory at the Battle of Princeton the next day. The artist considered this portrait "the best certainly of those which I painted." The portrait is on view at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut, an 1806 gift of the Society of the Cincinnati in Connecticut. It was commissioned by the city of Charleston, South Carolina, but was rejected by the city, resulting in Trumbull painting another version.

<i>George Washington</i> (Canova) Sculpture by Antonio Canova

George Washington was a life-size marble statue of George Washington, done in the style of a Roman general, by the Venetian-Italian Neoclassical sculptor Antonio Canova. Commissioned by the State of North Carolina in 1815, it was completed in 1820 and installed in the rotunda of the North Carolina State House on December 24, 1821. The building and the statue were destroyed by fire on June 21, 1831. This work was the only one created by Canova for the United States.

References

  1. 1 2 "Alexander Hamilton, (sculpture)". Inventory of American Sculpture, Smithsonian Institution Research Information System. Smithsonian American Art Museum.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Treasury's Hamilton Bust". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  3. Dearinger, David Bernard (2004). "Giuseppe Ceracchi". Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826–1925. Hudson Hills Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN   1-55595-029-9.
  4. Hamilton, Alexander (July 25, 1795). "From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Troup, 25 July 1795". National Archives. note 6.
  5. 1 2 "Property from the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations". Sotheby's. November 30, 2005. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016.
  6. Sizer, Theodore (1967). "Alexander Hamilton: Ceracchi Type". The Works of Colonel John Trumbull, Artist of the American Revolution. with the assistance of Caroline Rollins (Revised ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 37–8. ISBN   9780608112749.
  7. "Alexander Hamilton, (Replica) (painting)". Inventory of American Sculpture, Smithsonian Institution Research Information System. Smithsonian American Art Museum.
  8. "30-cent Hamilton". National Postal Museum.
  9. 1 2 "The Hamilton Statue. Its Unveiling To-day – The Bust After Which It Was Modeled". The New York Times. November 22, 1880.
  10. "Hamilton Comes to Life (and Death) On-screen". National Park Service.
  11. Roscoe, Ingrid; Hardy, Emma; Sullivan, M.G. "Giuseppe Ceracchi". Online Database of the Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain 1660–1851.[ permanent dead link ]