See also
- List of document markup languages
- Comparison of Office Open XML and OpenDocument
- Comparison of e-book formats
- Comparison of data serialization formats
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The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of document markup languages. Please see the individual markup languages' articles for further information.
Basic general information about the markup languages: creator, version, etc.
Note: While Rich Text Format (RTF) is human readable, it is not considered to be a markup language and is thus excluded from the table.
Some characteristics of the markup languages. [ definition needed ]
| Language | Major purpose | Based on | Markup type | Structural markup | Presentational markup [4] | Open format |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AsciiDoc | Multi-purpose | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Computable Document Format | Interactive technical documents, infographics, blogs [5] | Wolfram Language | Tag | Yes | Yes | No |
| Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) | Technical documents | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes [6] | Yes |
| DocBook | Technical documents | SGML / XML | Tag | Yes | Yes [7] | Yes |
| Encoded Archival Description (EAD) | Finding aids | XML | Tag | Yes | No | |
| Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) | Hypertext documents | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes [8] | Yes |
| FictionBook | Multi-purpose | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Halibut | Technical documents | Control code | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | Hypertext documents | SGML | Tag | Yes | Yes [9] | Yes |
| Lilypond | Music notation | Control code | Yes | Yes | ||
| Maker Interchange Format (MIF) | Technical documents | Tag | Yes | Yes | ||
| Markdown | Formatted Technical documents, Hypertext documents, E-mail | Text E-mail conventions | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Math Markup Language (MathML) | Mathematical documents | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes [10] | |
| The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) | Music notation | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes | |
| Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML) | Music notation | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Office Open XML (OOXML) | Multi-purpose | XML / ZIP | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| OpenDocument Format (ODF) | Multi-purpose | XML / ZIP | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Open Mathematical Document (OMDoc) | Mathematical documents | XML | Tag | Yes [11] | Yes [12] | |
| Org-mode | Multi-purpose (notes, project management, publishing, literate programming) | Text outliner | Tag | Yes | Yes | |
| reStructuredText | Technical and Multi-purpose documents [13] | Structured Text and Setext | Tag | Yes | Yes [14] | Yes |
| Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | 2D Vector graphics | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Script GML | Multi-purpose | RUNOFF | Control code | Yes | Yes | |
| TeX LaTeX | Academic documents Multi-purpose [15] | Control code | Yes | Yes | ||
| Texinfo | Technical documents | TeX, Scribe | Control code | Yes | Yes | |
| TeXmacs format | Academic documents | tree | Tag | Yes | Yes | |
| Textile | Hypertext documents | AsciiDoc (based on some similarities and dates of release) | Tag | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) | Academic, linguistic, literary and technical documents | SGML / XML | Tag | Yes | No | |
| troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff) | Technical documents | RUNOFF | Control code | Yes | Yes | |
| Wireless Markup Language (WML) | Hypertext documents | XML | Tag | Yes | Yes | |
| Language | Major purpose | Based on | Markup type | Structural markup | Presentational markup | Open format |
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HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
LaTeX is a software system for typesetting documents. LaTeX markup describes the content and layout of the document, as opposed to the formatted text found in WYSIWYG word processors like Microsoft Word, LibreOffice Writer and Apple Pages. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document, to stylise text throughout a document, and to add citations and cross-references. A TeX distribution such as TeX Live or MiKTeX is used to produce an output file suitable for printing or digital distribution.
A markuplanguage is a text-encoding system which specifies the structure and formatting of a document and potentially the relationship between its parts. Markup can control the display of a document or enrich its content to facilitate automated processing.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language ) is a World Wide Web Consortium recommended Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language to describe multimedia presentations. It defines markup for timing, layout, animations, visual transitions, and media embedding, among other things. SMIL allows presenting media items such as text, images, video, audio, links to other SMIL presentations, and files from multiple web servers. SMIL markup is written in XML, and has similarities to HTML.
Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is a mathematical markup language, an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content, and is one of a number of mathematical markup languages. Its aim is to natively integrate mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and other documents. It is part of HTML5 and standardised by ISO/IEC since 2015.
An HTML element is a type of HTML document component, one of several types of HTML nodes. The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML. The current de facto standard is governed by the industry group WHATWG and is known as the HTML Living Standard.
XSL-FO is a markup language for XML document formatting that is most often used to generate PDF files. XSL-FO is part of XSL, a set of W3C technologies designed for the transformation and formatting of XML data. The other parts of XSL are XSLT and XPath. Version 1.1 of XSL-FO was published in 2006.
Chemical Markup Language is an approach to managing molecular information using tools such as XML and Java. It was the first domain specific implementation based strictly on XML, first based on a DTD and later on an XML Schema, the most robust and widely used system for precise information management in many areas. It has been developed over more than a decade by Murray-Rust, Rzepa and others and has been tested in many areas and on a variety of machines.
OpenMath is the name of a markup language for specifying the meaning of mathematical formulae. Among other things, it can be used to complement MathML, a standard which mainly focuses on the presentation of formulae, with information about their semantic meaning. OpenMath can be encoded in XML or in a binary format.
A user interface markup language is a markup language that renders and describes graphical user interfaces and controls. Many of these markup languages are dialects of XML and are dependent upon a pre-existing scripting language engine, usually a JavaScript engine, for rendering of controls and extra scriptability.
OMDoc is a semantic markup format for mathematical documents. While MathML only covers mathematical formulae and the related OpenMath standard only supports formulae and “content dictionaries” containing definitions of the symbols used in formulae, OMDoc covers the whole range of written mathematics.
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages which mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated.
EPUB is an e-book file format that uses the ".epub" file extension. The term is short for electronic publication and is sometimes stylized as ePub. EPUB is supported by many e-readers, and compatible software is available for most smartphones, tablets, and computers. EPUB is a technical standard published by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). It became an official standard of the IDPF in September 2007, superseding the older Open eBook (OEB) standard.
The Office Open XML file formats are a set of file formats that can be used to represent electronic office documents. There are formats for word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations as well as specific formats for material such as mathematical formulas, graphics, bibliographies etc.
MathJax is a cross-browser JavaScript library that displays mathematical notation in web browsers, using MathML, LaTeX and ASCIIMathML markup. MathJax is released as open-source software under the Apache License.
The Web platform is a collection of technologies developed as open standards by the World Wide Web Consortium and other standardization bodies such as the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, the Unicode Consortium, the Internet Engineering Task Force, and Ecma International. It is the umbrella term introduced by the World Wide Web Consortium, and in 2011 it was defined as "a platform for innovation, consolidation and cost efficiencies" by W3C CEO Jeff Jaffe. Being built on The evergreen Web has allowed for the addition of new capabilities while addressing security and privacy risks. Additionally, developers are enabled to build interoperable content on a cohesive platform.