| DUSP4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | DUSP4 , HVH2, MKP-2, MKP2, TYP, dual specificity phosphatase 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 602747 MGI: 2442191 HomoloGene: 1065 GeneCards: DUSP4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP4 gene. [5] [6] [7]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates ERK1, ERK2 and JNK, is expressed in a variety of tissues, and is localized in the nucleus. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been observed for this gene. In addition, multiple polyadenylation sites have been reported. [7]
In melanocytic cells DUSP4 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. [8]
A mitogen-activated protein kinase is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine. MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK1 gene.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK14 gene.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, also known as p44MAPK and ERK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK3 gene.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 is a ubiquitous enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK8 gene.
Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K4 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP1 gene.
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, also known as MAP kinase kinase 7 or MKK7, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K7 gene. This protein is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family. The MKK7 protein exists as six different isoforms with three possible N-termini and two possible C-termini.
Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP6 gene.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 2 also known as MEKK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K2 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP3 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP10 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP2 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP7 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP16 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP5 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP12 gene.
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 19 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP19 gene.
MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are the largest class of phosphatases involved in down-regulating Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. MAPK signalling pathways regulate multiple features of development and homeostasis. This can involve gene regulation, cell proliferation, programmed cell death and stress responses. MAPK phosphatases are therefore important regulator components of these pathways.
Dual specificity phosphatase 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DUSP8 gene.
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