अंतरिक्ष विभाग Antarikṣ Vibhāg | |
Department overview | |
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Jurisdiction | Government of India |
Headquarters | Antariksh Bhavan, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India |
Annual budget | ₹ 12,543.91 crore (US$1.6 billion) (2023–24) [1] |
Ministers responsible | |
Department executive | |
Child agencies | |
Website | www |
The Department of Space (DoS) [3] is an Indian government department responsible for administration of the Indian space programme. It manages several agencies and institutes related to space exploration and space technologies. The Indian space programme under the DoS aims to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. It includes two major satellite systems, INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management. It has also developed two satellite launch vehicles Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to place IRS and INSAT class satellites in orbit.
In 1961, the Government of India and then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru entrusted the responsibility for space research and for the peaceful use of outer space to the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), then under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha. In 1962, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) set up Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), with Vikram Sarabhai as chairman, to organise a national space programme.
In 1969, INCOSPAR was reconstituted as an advisory body under the India National Science Academy (INSA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established. The Government of India constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of Space (DoS) in 1972 and brought ISRO under DoS management on 1 June 1972.
On 15 January S. Somanath succeeded Kailasavadivoo Sivan as the Secretary (Space) and ex-officio chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and Space Commission. [2] Vanditha Sharma is the additional secretary of the department. [4]
The Department of Space manages the following agencies and institutes: [5]
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Calendar Year | GDP (2011-12 base year) in crores(₹) [9] | Total Expenditure in crores (₹) | Budget of Department of Space [10] | Notes and references | |||
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Nominal INR (crore) | % of GDP | % of Total Expenditure | 2020 Constant INR (crore) | ||||
1972-73 | 55245 | 18.2325000 | 0.03% | 696.489 | Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [11] [12] | ||
1973-74 | 67241 | 19.0922000 | 0.03% | 624.381 | Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [13] [14] | ||
1974-75 | 79378 | 30.7287000 | 0.04% | 781.901 | [15] | ||
1975-76 | 85212 | 36.8379000 | 0.04% | 879.281 | [16] | ||
1976-77 | 91812 | 41.1400000 | 0.04% | 1,062.174 | Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [16] | ||
1977-78 | 104024 | 37.3670000 | 0.04% | 890.726 | [17] | ||
1978-79 | 112671 | 51.4518000 | 0.05% | 1,196.291 | [18] | ||
1979-80 | 123562 | 57.0062000 | 0.05% | 1,247.563 | [19] | ||
1980-81 | 147063 | 82.1087000 | 0.06% | 1,613.259 | [20] | ||
1981-82 | 172776 | 109.132100 | 0.06% | 1,896.051 | Revised Estimate as Actuals are not available [21] [22] | ||
1982-83 | 193255 | 94.8898000 | 0.05% | 1,527.408 | [23] | ||
1983-84 | 225074 | 163.365600 | 0.07% | 2,351.37 | [24] | ||
1984-85 | 252188 | 181.601000 | 0.07% | 2,410.543 | [25] | ||
1985-86 | 284534 | 229.102300 | 0.08% | 2,881.303 | [26] | ||
1986-87 | 318366 | 309.990900 | 0.1% | 3,585.645 | [27] | ||
1987-88 | 361865 | 347.084600 | 0.1% | 3,690.41 | [28] | ||
1988-89 | 429363 | 422.367000 | 0.1% | 4,105.274 | [29] | ||
1989-90 | 493278 | 398.559500 | 0.08% | 3,616.972 | [30] | ||
1990-91 | 576109 | 105298 | 386.221800 | 0.07% | 0.37% | 3,217.774 | [31] [32] |
1991-92 | 662260 | 111414 | 460.101000 | 0.07% | 0.41% | 3,366.237 | [33] [32] |
1992-93 | 761196 | 122618 | 490.920400 | 0.06% | 0.4% | 3,210.258 | [34] [32] |
1993-94 | 875992 | 141853 | 695.335000 | 0.08% | 0.49% | 4,277.163 | [35] [32] |
1994-95 | 1027570 | 160739 | 759.079300 | 0.07% | 0.47% | 4,237.768 | [36] [32] [37] |
1995-96 | 1205583 | 178275 | 755.778596 | 0.06% | 0.42% | 3,826.031 | [38] [32] [37] |
1996-97 | 1394816 | 201007 | 1062.44660 | 0.08% | 0.53% | 4,935.415 | [39] [32] [37] |
1997-98 | 1545294 | 232053 | 1050.50250 | 0.07% | 0.45% | 4,550.066 | [40] [37] |
1998-99 | 1772297 | 279340 | 1401.70260 | 0.08% | 0.5% | 5,364.608 | [41] [37] [42] |
1999-00 | 1988262 | 298053 | 1677.38580 | 0.08% | 0.56% | 6,123.403 | [43] [37] [42] |
2000-01 | 2139886 | 325592 | 1905.39970 | 0.09% | 0.59% | 6,686.851 | [44] [37] [42] |
2001-02 | 2315243 | 362310 | 1900.97370 | 0.08% | 0.52% | 6,429.035 | [45] [42] [46] |
2002-03 | 2492614 | 413248 | 2162.22480 | 0.09% | 0.52% | 7,010.441 | [47] [42] [46] |
2003-04 | 2792530 | 471203 | 2268.80470 | 0.08% | 0.48% | 7,085.999 | [48] [42] [46] |
2004-05 | 3186332 | 498252 | 2534.34860 | 0.08% | 0.51% | 7,627.942 | [49] [42] [46] |
2005-06 | 3632125 | 505738 | 2667.60440 | 0.07% | 0.53% | 7,701.599 | [50] [42] [46] |
2006-07 | 4254629 | 583387 | 2988.66550 | 0.07% | 0.51% | 8,156.366 | [51] [46] [52] |
2007-08 | 4898662 | 712671 | 3278.00440 | 0.07% | 0.46% | 8,408.668 | [53] [46] [52] |
2008-09 | 5514152 | 883956 | 3493.57150 | 0.06% | 0.4% | 8,273.225 | [54] [46] [52] |
2009-10 | 6366407 | 1024487 | 4162.95990 | 0.07% | 0.41% | 8,894.965 | [55] [52] |
2010-11 | 7634472 | 1197328 | 4482.23150 | 0.06% | 0.37% | 8,542.8 | [56] [52] |
2011-12 | 8736329 | 1304365 | 3790.78880 | 0.04% | 0.29% | 6,636.301 | [57] [52] |
2012-13 | 9944013 | 1410372 | 4856.28390 | 0.05% | 0.34% | 7,778.216 | [58] [52] |
2013-14 | 11233522 | 1559447 | 5168.95140 | 0.05% | 0.33% | 7,464 | [59] [52] |
2014-15 | 12467960 | 1663673 | 5821.36630 | 0.05% | 0.35% | 7,902.702 | [60] [61] |
2015-16 | 13771874 | 1790783 | 6920.00520 | 0.05% | 0.39% | 8,872.483 | [62] [63] |
2016-17 | 15391669 | 1975194 | 8039.99680 | 0.05% | 0.41% | 9,820.512 | [64] [65] |
2017-18 | 17090042 | 2141975 | 9130.56640 | 0.05% | 0.43% | 10,881.647 | [66] [67] |
2018-19 | 18899668 | 2315113 | 11192.6566 | 0.06% | 0.48% | 12,722.226 | [68] [69] |
2019-20 | 20074856 | 2686330 | 13033.2917 | 0.06% | 0.49% | 13,760.472 | [70] [71] |
2020-21 | 19800914 | 3509836 | 9490.05390 | 0.05% | 0.27% | 9,490.054 | [72] [73] |
2021-22 | 23664637 | 3793801 | 12473.84 | 0.05% | 0.33% | 12,473.84 | [74] [75] [76] |
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, only commercially available from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
The Indian National Satellite System or INSAT, is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.
The Indian Space Research Organisation is the national space agency of India. It operates as the primary research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India while the Chairman of ISRO also acts as the executive of DoS. ISRO is primarily responsible for performing tasks related to space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. ISRO is one of the six government space agencies in the world that possesses full launch capabilities, can deploy cryogenic engines, can launch extraterrestrial missions and operate a large fleet of artificial satellites. ISRO is one of the four government space agencies to have soft landing (unmanned) capabilities.
Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC, is the primary spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Antrix Corporation Limited is an Indian government-owned company under the administrative control of the Department of Space. It was incorporated in September 1992, as a commercial and marketing arm of ISRO by prompting, commercially delivering and marketing products and services emanating from ISRO. It provides major technical consultancy services and transfers technologies to industry.
The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC, is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services. It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km (930 mi) around it, with plans for further extension. An extended service area lies between the primary service area and a rectangle area enclosed by the 30th parallel south to the 50th parallel north and the 30th meridian east to the 130th meridian east, 1,500–6,000 km (930–3,730 mi) beyond borders where some of the NavIC satellites are visible but the position is not always computable with assured accuracy. The system currently consists of a constellation of eight satellites, with two additional satellites on ground as stand-by.
Aditya-L1 (/aːd̪it̪jə/) is a coronagraphy spacecraft for studying the solar atmosphere, designed and developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and various other Indian Space Research Institutes. It is orbiting at about 1.5 million km from Earth in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) between the Earth and the Sun, where it will study the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and their impact on the environment around the Earth.
Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities. In its maiden crewed mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)'s largely autonomous 5.3-metric ton capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a two- or three-person crew on board. The first crewed mission was originally planned to be launched on ISRO's LVM3 rocket in December 2021. As of October 2023, it is expected to be launched by 2025.
Koppillil Radhakrishnan is an Indian space scientist who headed the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) between November 2009 and December 2014 as Chairman of Space Commission, Secretary of the Department of Space and Chairman of ISRO. Prior to this, he was the Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (2007-2009) and Director of National Remote Sensing Agency (2005-2008) of the Department of Space. He had a brief stint of five years (2000-2005) in the Ministry of Earth Sciences as Director of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). Under his leadership of ISRO, India became the first country to reach Mars in its first attempt.
Mars Orbiter Mission 2, is a proposed second mission to Mars by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). In a recorded interview in October 2019, the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) director indicated the possibility of inclusion of a lander, but in an interview to The Times Of India in February 2021 the ISRO chairman clarified that the mission will consist solely of an orbiter. The orbiter will use aerobraking to lower its initial apoapsis and enter into an orbit more suitable for observations.
Sreedhara Panicker Somanath is an Indian aerospace engineer serving as the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Under his chairmanship, ISRO carried out the third Indian lunar exploration mission named Chandrayaan-3. The lander named Vikram and the rover named Pragyan landed near the lunar south pole region on 23 August 2023 at 18:04 IST, making India the first country to successfully land a spacecraft near the lunar south pole and the fourth country to demonstrate soft landing on the Moon.
The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a small-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO with payload capacity to deliver 500 kg (1,100 lb) to low Earth orbit or 300 kg (660 lb) to Sun-synchronous orbit for launching small satellites, with the capability to support multiple orbital drop-offs. SSLV is made keeping low cost, low turnaround time in mind with launch-on-demand flexibility under minimal infrastructure requirements.
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India and under Department of Space. NSIL is responsible for producing, assembling and integrating the launch vehicle with the help of industry consortium. It was established on 6 March 2019 under the administrative control of the Department of Space (DoS) and the Company Act 2013. The main objective of NSIL is to scale up private sector participation in Indian space programmes.
SPADEX or Space Docking Experiment is a twin spacecraft mission being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to mature technologies related to orbital rendezvous, docking, formation flying, with scope of applications in human spaceflight, in-space satellite servicing and other proximity operations.
Indian Data Relay Satellite System or IDRSS is a planned Indian constellation of Inter-satellite communications satellites. It is planned to initially comprise two satellites, CMS-04 & IDRSS-2 in geostationary orbit. It will facilitate relay of information between various Indian spacecraft, in-flight launch vehicle monitoring and assist the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme.
Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport is the second spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Kulasekarapattinam, a coastal village in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, India. The facility is being constructed over 2,350 acres. As of September 2023, more than 90% of land has been acquired and the groundbreaking was done on 28 February 2024.
Table 1.6: Components of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices