English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym). Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".

Romanization, or transcription of a non-Latin alphabet endonym into a Latin alphabet, is not generally regarded as creating exonyms: "The application of any scientifically sound romanization system to a non-Roman endonym merely re-creates that original endonym in another legitimate form" (Päll, 2002). ^{[1] [2]} However old romanization systems may leave a legacy of "familiar" spellings, as in the case of, for example, romanization of Burmese. ^[3] This affects romanization of Arabic, romanization of Chinese, and many other non-Latin alphabet place names.

Translations of non-proper nouns such as "river" and "lake" also do not qualify as exonyms.

A less common form of exonym is usage for names and titles. Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms. The list does not include the list of English translated personal names.

General

This section lists English-language exonyms that are for places located in multiple countries, English names of countries, and typical patterns.

Countries and territories

The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones. The list includes countries with limited recognition, autonomous territories of sovereign countries, and fully sovereign countries.

Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not. It is debatable whether the mere omission of a diacritical mark (as in several instances in the table below) creates an exonym.

The languages listed are official languages and/or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.

Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.

Countries and territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Abkhazia	Aṗsny (Аԥсны)	Abkhaz
	Abkhaziya (Абхазия)	Russian
Afghanistan	Afġānestān (افغانستان)	Dari
	Afġānistān (افغانستان)	Pashto
Albania	Shqipëri(a)	Standard Albanian
	Shqipyni(a)	Gheg Albanian
Algeria	Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)	Standard Arabic
Armenia	Hayastan (Հայաստան)	Armenian
Austria	Österreich	Standard German
Azerbaijan	Azərbaycan	Azeri
Bahrain	Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين)	Standard Arabic
Bangladesh	বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh)	Bengali
Belarus	Byelarus’ (Беларусь)	Belarusian
		Russian
Belgium	België	Dutch
	Belgien	Standard German
	Belgique	French
Benin	Bénin	French
Bhutan	Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)	Dzongkha
Bolivia	Mborivia	Guarani
	Puliwya	Quechua
	Wuliwya	Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)	Bosnian
Brazil	Brasil	Portuguese
Bulgaria	Balgariya (България)	Bulgarian
Burkina Faso	Burkĩna Faso	Mossi
Burundi	Uburundi	Kirundi
Cambodia	Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)	Khmer
Cameroon	Cameroun	French
	Kamerun	Fula
Cape Verde	Cabo Verde	Portuguese
	Kabu Verdi	Cape Verdean Creole
Chad	Tchad	French
	Tshād (تشاد)	Standard Arabic
Chile	Chili	Aymara
	Chli	Mapudungun
	Chili	Quechua
	Tire	Rapa Nui
China	Zhōngguó (中国)	Mandarin
Colombia	Colombia	Spanish
Comoros	Comores	French
	Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر)	Standard Arabic
	Komori	Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville	Kongó	Lingala
	Kôngo-Balazvile	Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa	Kongo	Luba-Katanga
	Kongó-Kinsásá	Lingala
	Kôngo	Kongo
	Kongu	Swahili
Cook Islands	Kūki 'Āirani	Cook Islands Maori
Croatia	Hrvatska	Croatian
Cyprus	Kıbrıs	Turkish
	Kýpros (Κύπρος)	Greek
Czech Republic, Czechia	Česká republika, Česko	Czech
Denmark	Danmark	Danish
Djibouti	Jabuuti	Somali
	Jībūtī (جيبوتي)	Standard Arabic
	Yibuuti	Afar
Dominica	Dominique	French
	Wai'tu kubuli	Island Carib
East Timor	Timor-Leste	Portuguese
	Timór Lorosa'e	Tetum
Ecuador	Ekuatur	Shuar
	Ikwayur	Quechua
Egypt	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
	Miṣr (مِصر)	Standard Arabic
Eritrea	Ertra (ኤርትራ)	Tigrinya
	‘Iritriyā (إرتريا)	Standard Arabic
Estonia	Eesti	Estonian
Ethiopia	Itiyoophiyaa	Afar
	Itoobiya	Somali
	Itoophiyaa	Oromo
	ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)	Amharic
		Tigrinya
Fiji	Fijī (फ़िजी)	Fiji Hindi
	Viti	Fijian
Finland	Suomi	Finnish
France	France	French
Gambia	Gámbi	Wolof
	Kambiya	Mandinka
Georgia	Sakartvelo (საქართველო)	Georgian
Germany	Deutschland	Standard German
Ghana	Gaana	Twi
Greece	Elládha (Ελλάδα)	Greek
Grenada	La Gwenad	Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau	Guiné-Bissau	Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry	Ginea-Conakry	Fula
	Guinée-Conakry	French
Haiti	Ayiti	Haitian Creole
	Haïti	French
Honduras	Honduras	Spanish
Hong Kong	Xiānggǎng	Chinese
Hungary	Magyarország	Hungarian
Iceland	Ísland	Icelandic
India	Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)	Malayalam
	Bhārat (भारत)	Marathi
		Dogri
		Hindi
		Maithili
		Nepali
	Bhārat (ભારત)	Gujarati
	Bhārat (بًارت \ भारत)	Kashmiri
	Bhārat (بھارت \ ਭਾਰਤ)	Punjabi
	Bhārat (ڀارت \ भारत)	Sindhi
	Bhārat (بھارت)	Urdu
	Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)	Kannada
	Bhāratam (भारतम्)	Sanskrit
	Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)	Telugu
	Bhāratham (பாரதம்)	Tamil
	Bharot (भारत)	Konkani
	Bhārot (ভারত)	Bengali
	Bhārôt (ভাৰত)	Assamese
		Meitei
	Bhārôt (भारत)	Bodo
	Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)	Odia
	Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)	Santali
Iran	Irān (ایران)	Persian
Iraq	Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق)	Standard Arabic
	Êraq (عێراق)	Kurdish
Ireland	Éire	Irish
Israel	Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل)	Standard Arabic
	Yisraél (ישראל)	Hebrew
Italy	Italia	Standard Italian
Ivory Coast	Côte d'Ivoire	French
Japan	Nihon / Nippon (日本)	Japanese
Jordan	Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)	Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan	Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)	Kazakh
Kosovo	Kosovë	Albanian
Kuwait	Al-Kuwait (الكويت)	Standard Arabic
	il-Ikwēt (الكويت)	Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan	Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)	Kyrgyz
Laos	Lāo (ລາວ)	Lao
Latvia	Latvija	Latvian
	Lețmō	Livonian
Lebanon	Libnēn (لبنان)	Levantine Arabic
	Lubnān (لبنان)	Standard Arabic
Libya	Lībiyā (ليبيا)	Standard Arabic
Lithuania	Lietuva	Lithuanian
Luxembourg	Lëtzebuerg	Luxembourgish
	Luxemburg	Standard German
Madagascar	Madagasikara	Malagasy
Malawi	Malaŵi	Chewa
		Tumbuka
Malaysia	Mǎláixīyà (马来西亚)	Mandarin
Maldives	Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )	Dhivehi
Mali	Mālī (مالي)	Standard Arabic
Marshall Islands	Aorōkin M̧ajeļ	Marshallese
Mauritania	Agawej	Berber
	Cengiṭ	Berber
	Gànnaar	Wolof
	Mauritanie	French
	Moritani	Pulaar
	Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)	Standard Arabic
	Murutaane	Soninke
Mauritius	Maurice	French
	Moris	Mauritian Creole
Mexico	México	Spanish
	Mēxihco	Nahuatl
Moldova	Moldaviya (Молдавия)	Russian
Monaco	Mónegue	Occitan
	Mùnegu	Ligurian
Mongolia	Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)	Mongolian
Montenegro	Crna Gora (Црна Гора)	Montenegrin
Morocco	Al-Maġrib (المغرب)	Standard Arabic
	lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)	Standard Moroccan Tamazight
	Maroc	French
Mozambique	Moçambique	Portuguese
	Msumbiji	Swahili
	Mozambiki	Chewa
	Muzambhiki	Tsonga
Myanmar	Myǎma (မြန်မာ)	Burmese
Namibia	Namibië	Afrikaans
Nauru	Naoero	Nauruan
Nepal	Nepāl (नेपाल)	Nepali
Netherlands	Nederland	Dutch
New Zealand	Aotearoa	Maori
Niger	Al-Nayjar (النيجر)	Standard Arabic
Nigeria	Naìjíríyà	Igbo
	Naìjíríyà	Yoruba
	Najeriya	Hausa
Niue	Niuē	Niuean
North Korea	Chosǒn (조선)	Korean
North Macedonia	Maqedonia e Veriut	Albanian
	Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)	Macedonian
Norway	Nöörja	Southern Sami
	Noreg	Norwegian Nynorsk
	Norga	Northern Sami
	Norge	Norwegian Bokmål
	Vuodna	Lule Sami
Oman	'Umān (عمان)	Standard Arabic
Pakistan	Pākistān (پاکِستان)	Urdu
Palau	Belau	Palauan
	Parao (パラオ)	Japanese
Palestine	Filasṭīn (فلسطين)	Standard Arabic
Panama	Panamá	Spanish
Papua New Guinea	Papua Niu Gini	Hiri Motu
	Papua Niugini	Tok Pisin
Paraguay	Paraguái	Guarani
	Paraguay	Spanish
Peru	Perú	Spanish
	Piruw	Aymara
		Quechua
Philippines	Pilipinas	Tagalog
Poland	Polska	Polish
Portugal	Portugal	Portuguese
Qatar	Giṭar (قطر)	Gulf Arabic
	Qaṭar (قطر)	Standard Arabic
Romania	România	Romanian
Russia	Rossíya (Росси́я)	Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Saint Christopher and Nevis	English
Samoa	Sāmoa	Samoan
Saudi Arabia	al-Suʿūdiyya (ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة)	Standard Arabic
Senegal	Senegaal	Wolof
	Sénégal	French
Serbia	Srbija	Serbian
Seychelles	Sesel	Seychellois Creole
Singapore	Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)	Tamil
	Singapura	Malay
	Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)	Mandarin
Slovakia	Slovensko	Slovak
Slovenia	Slovenija	Slovene
Somalia	aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال)	Standard Arabic
	Soomaaliya	Somali
Somaliland	Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند)	Standard Arabic
South Korea	Hanguk (한국)	Korean
South Sudan	Paguot Thudän	Dinka
South Ossetia	Alaniya (Алания)	Russian
	Allonston (Аллонстон)	Ossetian
Spain	Espainia	Basque
	España	Galician
		Spanish
	Espanha	Occitan
	Espanya	Catalan
Sri Lanka	Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)	Tamil
	Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)	Sinhala
Sudan	as-Sūdān (السودان)	Standard Arabic
Sweden	Sverige	Swedish
Switzerland	Helvetia	Latin
	Schweiz	Standard German
	Suisse	French
	Svizra	Romansh
	Svizzera	Standard Italian
Syria	Sūriyā (سوريا)	Standard Arabic
Taiwan	Tâiuân (臺灣)	Hokkien
	Táiwān (臺灣)	Mandarin
	Taywan	Amis
	Tǒivǎn (臺灣)	Hakka
Tajikistan	Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)	Tajik
Thailand	Pratheṣ̄thịy (ประเทศไทย)	Thai
Transnistria	Nistrenia (Нистрения)	Romanian
	Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)	Russian
	Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)	Ukrainian
Tunisia	Tunest	Berber
	Tunisie	French
	Tūnis (تونس)	Standard Arabic
Turkey	Türkiye	Turkish
Turkmenistan	Türkmenistan	Turkmen
Uganda	Yuganda	Luganda
Ukraine	Ukrajina (Україна)	Ukrainian
Uzbekistan	Oʻzbekiston (Ўзбекистон)	Uzbek
Vatican City	Stato della Città del Vaticano	Standard Italian
	Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Latin
Vietnam	Việt Nam	Vietnamese
Yemen	Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)	Standard Arabic

Other territories

The following is a list of other territories/regions which are not deemed as countries or sovereign states.

Other territories

English name	Endonym	Language
Alsace	Elsass	German
	Elsàss	Alsatian
Basque Country	País Vasco	Spanish
	Euskadi	Basque
Bavaria	Bayern	German
	Boarn	Bavarian
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech
	Böhmen	German
Brittany	Bretagne	French
	Breizh	Breton
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan
	Cataluña	Spanish
Cornwall	Kernow	Cornish
Corsica	Corse	French
Crimea	Krym (Крым)	Russian
	Krym (Крим )	Ukrainian
	Qırım	Crimean Tatar
Faroe Islands	Færøerne	Danish
	Føroyar	Faroese
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Friesland	Fryslân	Frisian
Galicia	Galiza	Galician
Greenland	Grønland	Danish
	Kalaallit Nunaat	Greenlandic
Hawaii	Hawai‘i	Hawaiian
Kashubia	Kaszuby	Polish
	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
Kurdistan	Kurdistan (کوردستان)	Sorani Kurdish
	Kurdistān (كردستان)	Arabic
		Persian
	Kürdistan	Turkish
	K’urdistan (Քուրդիստան)	Armenian
	Kurdıstan	Zazaki
Lombardy	Lombardia	Italian
Moravia	Morava	Czech
	Mähren	German
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Northern Ireland	Tuaisceart Éireann	Irish
	Norlin Airlann	Ulster Scots
Occitania	Occitanie	French
	Occitània	Occitan
Piedmont	Piemonte	Italian
	Piemont	Piedmontese
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
	Pommern	German
Quebec	Québec	French
Sardinia	Sardegna	Italian
	Sardigna	Sardinian
Scotland	Alba	Scottish Gaelic
Sicily	Sicilia	Italian
		Sicilian
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
	Schlesien	German
Tibet	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
	Böd (བོད)	Tibetan
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Wallonia	Wallonie	French

Specific countries

Albania

  Albania Shqipëria

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Durazzo	Durrës	Albanian	Dated, Italian name
Tirana	Tiranë	Albanian	Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"

Algeria

  Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Algiers	Al-Jazā'ir (الجَزائر)	Standard Arabic
Constantine	Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)	Standard Arabic
Oran	Wahrān (وَهران)	Standard Arabic

Name of the country and its capital city in Arabic, Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر), is Arabic for "the islands". ^[4]

Armenia

  Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ararat Plain	Araratyan dasht (Արարատյան դաշտ)	Armenian
	Iğdır Ovası	Turkish
Yerevan	Erevan (Երևան)	Armenian	Armenian place pronounced like English name

Australia

Most places in Australia have additional names in various indigenous Australian languages.

  Australia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ayers Rock	Uluru	Pitjantjatjara	Dated
Rose Hill	Parramatta	Dharug	Archaic
Tasmania	Lutruwita	Nuenonne / Palawa kani

Austria

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

  Austria Österreich

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ammergau Alps	Ammergebirge [5]	German
Bavarian Prealps	Bayerische Voralpen [5]	German
Brenner Pass	Brennerpass [5]	German
Carinthia	Kärnten [6] [5]	German
Carpathian Basin	Karpatenbecken [5]	German
Danube river	Donau [6]	German
Drava	Drau [5]	German
Drave	Drau [5]	German	Dated
Lake Constance	Bodensee [6] [5]	German
Northern Limestone Alps	Nördliche Kalkalpen [5]	German
Southern Limestone Alps	Südliche Kalkalpen [5]	German
Styria	Steiermark [6] [5]	German
Tyrol	Tirol [5]	German
Vienna	Wien [6]	German
Wetterstein	Wettersteingebirge [5]	German

Azerbaijan

  Azerbaijan Azərbaycan

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baku	Bakı	Azeri
Barda	Bərdə	Azeri
Caucasus	Qafqaz	Azeri
Ganja	Gəncə	Azeri
Lachin	Laçın	Azeri
Sumgait	Sumqayıt	Azeri

Belarus

  Belarus (Беларус)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bielorussia, Byelorussia	Belorussia	Belarusian, Russian	obsolete
White Russia	Belorussia	Belarusian, Russian	obsolete

Belgium

Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources. ^[7]

  Belgium België/ Belgique

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Antwerp	Antwerpen	Dutch
Bruges	Brugge	Dutch	French name
Brussels	Brussel	Dutch
	Bruxelles	French
Courtrai	Kortrijk	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Filford	Vilvoorde	Dutch	Archaic
Flanders	Vlaanderen	Dutch
Gaunt	Gent	Dutch	Archaic
Ghent	Gent	Dutch
Louvain	Leuven	Dutch	Archaic, French name
Mechlin	Mechelen	Dutch	Archaic
Ostend	Oostende	Dutch
Wallonia	Wallonie	French
Ypres	Ieper	Dutch	French name

Bosnia & Herzegovina

  Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bosnia	Bosna (Босна)	Bosnian
Herzegovina	Hercegovina (Херцеговина)	Bosnian	German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Narenta	Neretva (Неретва)	Bosnian	Italian name, sometimes used in English

Bulgaria

  Bulgaria Balgariya (България)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Bulgarian
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)	Bulgarian
Philippopolis	Plovdiv (Пловдив)	Bulgarian	Archaic
Rhodope Mountains	Rodopi (Родопи)	Bulgarian
Sofia	Sofiya (София)	Bulgarian
Southern Dobruja	Dobrudzha (Добруджа)	Bulgarian	Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace	Trakiya (Тракия)	Bulgarian

Canada

Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city^{[ which? ]} which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen with regard to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.

  Canada

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arctic Red River	Tsiigehtchic	Gwich'in	Archaic
Big Trout Lake	Kitchenuhmaykoosib	Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay	Iqaluktuuttiaq	Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet	Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)	Inuktitut
Fort Franklin	Délįnę	Sahtu	Archaic
Fort Hope	Eabametoong	Ojibwe
Fort Norman	Tulita	Sahtu	Archaic
Fraserville	Rivière-du-Loup	French	Archaic
Frobisher Bay	Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)	Inuktitut	Archaic
Gjoa Haven	Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)	Inuktitut
Holman	Ulukhaktok	Inuinnaqtun	Archaic
Harrington Lake	Lac Mousseau	French
Iroquois River	Rivière Richelieu	French	Archaic
Island of Orleans	Île d'Orléans	French
Lansdowne House	Neskantaga	Oji-Cree
Mount Royal	Mont-Royal	French
Quebec City	Québec	French
Queen Charlotte Island	Haida Gwaii	Haida	Archaic
Rankin Inlet	Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)	Inuktitut
Saint Andrew	Saint-André-d'Argenteuil	French	Archaic
Saint John	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu	French	Archaic
Summer Beaver	Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)	Ojibwe
The River Ouse	La Rivière Grand	French	Archaic
	Kenhionhata:tie	Mohawk
Three Rivers	Trois-Rivières	French	Archaic
Two Mountains	Deux-Montagnes	French	Archaic
Whale Cove	Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)	Inuktitut

Cambodia

During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.

  Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)	Khmer
Phnom Penh	Phnum Pénh (ភ្នំពេញគ)	Khmer
Sihanoukville	Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)	Khmer
	Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)	Khmer

Central African Republic

  Central African Republic Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka / République centrafricaine

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangi	Bangî	Sango	Bangi is occasionally used in English
	Bangui	French

Chile

  Chile

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Easter Island	Isla de Pascua	Spanish
	Rapa Nui	Rapa Nui
Fireland [8]	Tierra del Fuego	Spanish	Obsolete

China

Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries. ^{[9] [10]} For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.

See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization

  China Zhōngguó (中国)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Amoy	Amoy	Min Nan [11]	Archaic
	Xiàmén (厦门)	Mandarin
	Ē-mn̂g	Amoy
	Ē-mûi	Amoy
Canton	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic
	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese	Archaic
Changbai Mountain	Chángbáishān (长白山)	Mandarin
	Paektusan (백두산)	Korean
Chengchow	Zhèngzhōu (郑州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chengtu	Chéngdū (成都)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Chungking	Chóngqìng (重庆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Foochow	Fúzhōu (福州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Forbidden City	Gùgōng (故宫), Zĭjìnchéng (紫禁城)	Mandarin	Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien	Fújiàn (福建)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert	Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)	Mandarin
	Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Hangchow	Hángzhōu (杭州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang	Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
	Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)	Russian
Hohhot	Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
	Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)	Mandarin
Hokkien	Fújiàn (福建)	Hokkien	Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong	Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)	Cantonese
	Xiānggǎng	Mandarin
Inner Mongolia	Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)	Mongolian
	Nèi Mĕnggǔ (内蒙古)	Mandarin
Kalgan	Kalgan(ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ)	Mongolian
	Zhāngjiākŏu (张家口) / Kālāgàn (喀拉干)	Mandarin	Archaic
Kwangchow	Gwong2 Zau1	Cantonese
	Guǎngzhōu (广州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin	Gveilinz	Zhuang
	Guìlín (桂林)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Lop Nor / Lop Nur	Luóbùpō (罗布泊)	Mandarin
	Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)	Mongolian script
	Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)	Uighur
Macau	Ou3 mun2 (澳門)	Cantonese
	Àomén (澳门)	Mandarin
Mekong River	Méigōnghé (湄公河)	Mandarin
Mount Everest	Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng (珠穆朗玛峰)	Mandarin
	Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)	Tibetan
Mukden	Mukden	Manchu [12]	Archaic
	Shěnyáng (沈阳)	Mandarin
Nanking	Nánjīng (南京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou	Bāotóu (包头)	Mandarin	Obsolete English spelling
	Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)	Mongolian
Peking	Běijīng (北京)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur	Dàlián (大连)	Mandarin	Archaic
Santow	Shàntóu (汕头)	Mandarin	Archaic
Shaanxi	Shǎnxī (陕西)	Mandarin	Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian	Xī'ān (西安)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang	Xīnjiāng (新疆)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Soochow	Sūzhōu (苏州)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Swatow	Shàntóu (汕头)	Mandarin
	Suan1tao5 (汕头)	Teochew	English orthography close to Teochew pronunciation (Teochew 'n' sound is nasal)
Tibet	Bod (བོད)	Tibetan
	Xīzàng (西藏)	Mandarin
Tsingtao	Qīngdăo (青岛)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze River	Cháng jiāng (長江／长江)	Mandarin	Based on the archaic name Yángzĭ Jiāng (揚子江／扬子江)
Yellow River	Huáng Hé (黃河)	Mandarin
Yenchi	Yánjí (延吉)	Mandarin	Archaic, change in romanization
	Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)	Korean
Yenki	Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)	Korean
	Yánjí (延吉)	Mandarin

Croatia

  Croatia Hrvatska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Danube	Dunav	Croatian
Dalmatia	Dalmacija	Croatian
Istria	Istra	Croatian
Ragusa	Dubrovnik	Croatian	Historical exonym
Zara	Zadar	Croatian	Historical exonym

Cuba

  Cuba

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Pigs	Bahía de Cochinos	Spanish	Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig"
Havana	(La) Habana	Spanish

Cyprus

  Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Place	Language
Famagusta	Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)	Greek
	Gazimaǧusa	Turkish
Kyrenia	Girne	Turkish
	Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)	Greek
Limassol	Lemesós (Λεμεσός)	Greek
	Limasol	Turkish
Nicosia	Lefkoşa	Turkish
	Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)	Greek

Czech Republic

Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers, both of which flow into Germany) this is no longer done by most sources. ^[13]

  Czech Republic Česká republika

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Beskids	Beskydy	Czech
Bohemia	Čechy	Czech	Latin name
Bohemian Forest	Šumava	Czech
Bohemian Karst	Český kras	Czech
Bohemian Paradise	Český ráj	Czech
Bohemian Switzerland	České Švýcarsko	Czech
Budweis	České Budějovice	Czech	Archaic, German name
Carlsbad	Karlovy Vary	Czech	Archaic, German name
Elbe river	Labe	Czech	German name
Fichtel Mountains	Smrčiny	Czech	German name
Franzensbad	Františkovy Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains	Krkonoše	Czech
Hanakia	Haná	Czech	Archaic
Lachia	Lašsko	Czech
Marienbad	Mariánské Lázně	Czech	Archaic, German name
Moravia	Morava	Czech	Latin name
Moravian Slovakia	Slovácko	Czech
Moravian Wallachia	Valašsko	Czech
Oder river	Odra	Czech	German name
Ore Mountains	Krušné hory	Czech
Pilsen	Plzeň	Czech	Archaic, German name
Prague	Praha	Czech	French name
Silesia	Slezsko	Czech
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudety	Czech
Sudetenland	Sudety	Czech
Upper Palatine Forest	Český les	Czech

Denmark

  Denmark Danmark

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Copenhagen	København	Danish
Elsinore	Helsingør	Danish	Dated
Funen	Fyn	Danish
Jutland	Jylland	Danish
Sleswick	Schleswig	Low German
	Slesvig	Danish
The Scaw	Skagen	Danish	Dated
Zealand	Sjælland	Danish

Faroe Islands

  Faroe Islands Føroyar

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Thor's Haven	Tórshavn	Danish	Dated

Greenland

Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.

  Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Frederikdshab	Paamiut	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Godthab	Nuuk	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Jacobshaven	Ilulissat	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Sondre Stromfjord	Kangerlussuaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Sondrestrom	Kangerlussuaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete
Thule	Qaanaaq	Greenlandic	Obsolete

Egypt

  Egypt Miṣr (مصر)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Alexandria	Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)	Coptic
	Eskendereyya (اسكندرية)	Egyptian Arabic
	Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )	Coptic
Cairo	Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)	Standard Arabic
	Maṣr (مَصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Giza	Al-Jīzah (الجيزة)	Standard Arabic
	El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)	Egyptian Arabic
Luxor	Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)	Standard Arabic
	Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)	Coptic
	Loqṣor (الأقصر)	Egyptian Arabic
Memphis	Manf (مَنْف)	Standard Arabic
	Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)	Coptic
Nile	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Egyptian Arabic
Port Said	Bur Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Standard Arabic
	Bor Sa'īd (بور سعيد)	Egyptian Arabic
Suez	As-Suways (السويس)	Standard Arabic

The English name of Egypt derives from the French name, Egypte, which is derived from the Greek name, Aigyptos (Αίγυπτος). ^[14]

Estonia

  Estonia Eesti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Lake Peipus	Peipsi järv	Estonian
Reval	Tallinn	Estonian	Obsolete

Finland

  Finland Suomi

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Karelia	Karjala	Finnish	From Latin
Lapponia	Lappi	Finnish	From Latin
Ostrobothnia	Pohjanmaa	Finnish	From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia	Savo	Finnish	From Latin
Tavastia	Häme	Finnish	From Latin

France

  France

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bay of Biscay	Golfe de Gascogne	French
Bethwyn	Béthune	French	Archaic
Brittany	Breizh	Breton
	Bretagne	French
Burgundy	Bourgogne	French
Camerick	Cambrai	French	Obsolete
Corsica	Corse	French
	Corsica	Corsican
Cressy	Crécy-en-Ponthieu	French
Dauphiny	Dalfinat	Occitan
	Darfenât	Arpitan
	Dauphiné	French	Archaic
Dunkirk	Dunkerque	French
English Channel	La Manche	French
Flanders	Flandre	French
French Riviera	Côte d'Azur	French
Gascony	Gascogne	French
	Gasconha	Gascon
Lyons	Liyon	Arpitan
	Lyon	French	Archaic
Marseilles	Marseille	French	Archaic
	Marselha	Occitan
Normandy	Normandie	French
	Normaundie	Norman
Picardy	Picardie	French
Rheims	Reims	French	Archaic
Rhine River	Rhin	French
Rone	Rouen	French	Obsolete
Savoy	Savoie	French
	Savouè	Arpitan
Ushant	Eusa	Breton
	Ouessant	French

Georgia

  Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caucasus	Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)	Georgian
Tiflis	Tbilisi (თბილისი)	Georgian	Obsolete

Germany

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany

This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.

  Germany Deutschland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name [5] [6]	Language
Aix-la-Chapelle	Aachen	Standard German	Archaic
	Oche	Ripuarian
Baltic Sea	Ostsee	Standard German
Bavaria	Bayern	Standard German
Bay of Lübeck	Lübecker Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg	Mecklenburger Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf	Meldorfer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania	Pommersche Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar	Wismarer Bucht	Standard German	German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest	Schwarzwald	Standard German
Brunswick	Braunschweig	Standard German	Archaic
	Brunswiek	Low Saxon
Cleves	Kleve	Standard German	Archaic
Coblence	Koblenz	Standard German	Archaic
Coblenz	Koblenz	Standard German	Dated
Cologne	Kölle	Ripuarian
	Köln	Standard German
Constance	Konstanz	Standard German	Dated
Danube river	Donau	Standard German
Eastphalia	Oostfalen	Low Saxon
	Ostfalen	Standard German
Egge Hills	Eggegebirge	Standard German	German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia	Franken	Standard German
	Frankn	Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura	Frankenalb	Standard German	Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort	Frangford (am Maa)	Hessian	Archaic
	Frankfurt (am Main)	Standard German
Hamelin	Hameln	Standard German
Hanover	Hannober	Low Saxon
	Hannover	Standard German
Haßberge Hills	Haßberge	Standard German
Heligoland	deät Lun	Heligolandic North Frisian
	Hälilönj	Bökingharde North Frisian
	Helgoland	Standard German
Hesse	Hessen	Standard German
Hessia	Hessen	Standard German
Hither Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Hohwacht Bay	Hohwachter Bucht	Standard German
Jade Bight	Jadebusen	Standard German
Kaufungen Forest	Kaufunger Wald	Standard German
Kiel Canal	Nordostseekanal	Standard German
Knüll	Knüllgebirge	Standard German	German name also used in English
Lake Constance	Bodensee	Standard German
Lower Bavarian Upland	Niederbayerisches Hügelland	Standard German
Lusatia	Lausitz	Standard German
	Łužica	Upper Sorbian
	Łužyca	Lower Sorbian
Malborow	Marburg	Standard German	Archaic
Mayence	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic
Mentz	Mainz	Standard German	Archaic, British English
Moselle river	Mosel	Standard German
	Musel	Moselle Franconian
Munich	Minga	Austro-Bavarian
	München	Standard German
Nuremberg	Narrnberch	East Franconian
	Nürnberg	Standard German
Ore Mountains	Erzgebirge	Standard German
Palatinate	Palz	Palatinate German
	Pfalz	Standard German
Pomerania	Pommern	Standard German
Prussia	Preußen	Standard German
Ratisbon	Regensburg	Standard German	Archaic
	Rengschburch	Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif	Rheinisches Schiefergebirge	Standard German
Rhine river	Rhein	Standard German
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha	Standard German	English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony	Sachsen	Standard German
	Sassen	Low Saxon
Swabia	Schwaben	Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon	Stettiner Haff	Standard German
Thuringia	Thüringen	Standard German
	Tréier	Moselle Franconian
Treves	Trier	Standard German	Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania	Vorpommern	Standard German
Westphalia	Westfalen	Low Saxon
		Standard German

Greece

The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.

  Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Attica	Attikí (Αττική)	Greek
Athens	Athína (Αθήνα)	Greek
Boetia	Voiotía (Βοιωτία)	Greek
Corfu	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)	Greek
Corinth	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)	Greek
Crete	Kríti (Κρήτη)	Greek
Cyclades	Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)	Greek
Dodecanese	Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)	Greek
Epirus	Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)	Greek
Euboea	Evvoia (Εύβοια)	Greek
Heraklion	Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)	Greek
Icaria	Ikaría (Ικαρία)	Greek
Ithaca	Itháki (Ιθάκη)	Greek
Lepanto	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Greek	Archaic
Macedonia	Makedonía (Μακεδονία)	Greek
Mediterranean Sea	Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)	Greek
Missolonghi	Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)	Greek
Naupactus	Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)	Greek	Greek name also used in English
Navarino	Pýlos (Πύλος)	Greek	Archaic
Patras	Pátra (Πάτρα)	Greek
Peloponnese	Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)	Greek
Philippi	Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)	Greek
Piraeus	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)	Greek
Rhodes	Ródhos (Ρόδος)	Greek
Rhodope Mountains	Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)	Greek
Salonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek	Archaic
Samothrace	Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)	Greek
Sparta	Spárti (Σπάρτη)	Greek
Thebes	Thíva (Θήβα)	Greek
Thessalonica	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek	Greek name also used in English
Thessaly	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)	Greek
Thrace	Thráki (Θράκη)	Greek
Zante	Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)	Greek	Archaic

Haiti

  Haiti Haïti / Ayiti

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Labadee	Labadie	French

Hungary

  Hungary Magyarország

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Budapest	Budapest	Hungarian
Carpathian Mountains	Kárpátok	Hungarian
Comorn	Komárom	Hungarian	Dated
Danube River	Duna	Hungarian
Pesth	Pest	Hungarian	Archaic

Iceland

  Iceland Ísland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Blue Lagoon	Bláa lónið	Icelandic
Westman Islands	Vestmannaeyjar	Icelandic	Dated, translation

India

See also: List of renamed Indian public places

  India Bhārat (भारत)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allahabad	Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)	Hindi	Officially amended to Prayagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Allepey	Alappuzha (ആലപ്പുഴ)	Malayalam	Dated
Bangalore	Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)	Kannada
Benares	Varanasi (वाराणसी)	Hindi	Dated
Bombay	Mumbai (मुंबई)	Marathi	Dated
Calcutta	Kolkata (কলকাতা)	Bengali	Dated
Cawnpore	Kanpur (कानपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Cochin	Kochi (കൊച്ചി)	Malayalam
Delhi	Dilli (दिल्ली)	Hindi
Ganges River	Ganga (गंगा)	Hindi
Indus River	Sindhū (सिन्धु)	Sanskrit
Jaypore	Jaipur (जयपुर)	Hindi	Obsolete
Laccadive Islands	Lakshadweep (ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Madras	Chennai (சென்னை)	Tamil	Dated
Palghat	Palakkad (പാലക്കാട്)	Malayalam	Obsolete
Pondicherry	Puducherry (புதுச்சேரி)	Tamil	Dated
Poona	Pune (पुणे)	Marathi	Dated
Simla	Shimla (शिमला)	Hindi	Obsolete
Trivandrum	Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം)	Malayalam

Indonesia

  Indonesia

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bencoolen	Bengkulu	Indonesian	Historical
Billiton	Belitung	Indonesian	Obsolete
Borneo	Kalimantan	Indonesian	These exonyms are also unofficially used in Indonesia.
Celebes	Sulawesi	Indonesian
Ceram	Seram Island	Indonesian
Java	Jawa	Indonesian
Lesser Sunda Islands	Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara	Indonesian
	Kepulauan Sunda Kecil	Indonesian	Historical
Moluccas	Maluku Islands	Indonesian
New Guinea	Papua	Indonesian
	Irian Jaya	Indonesian	Historical
	Nugini	Indonesian	Fossil word.
Savu	Sawu	Indonesian	One of few alternative names for the island. Sabu is officially only used for Sabu Raijua Regency.
	Sabu	Indonesian

Iran

  Iran Irān (اݐران)

English name	Endonym		Note
	Name	Language
Bushire	Bushehr (بوشهر)	Persian	Obsolete
Caspian Sea	Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)	Persian
Isfahan	Ešfahān (اصفهان)	Persian
Meshed	Mashhad (مشهد)	Persian	Obsolete
Teheran	Tehran (تهران)	Persian	Obsolete

Iraq

  Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Ctesiphon	Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون)	Standard Arabic
Duhok	Dahūk (دهوك)	Standard Arabic
	Dihok (دهۆک)	Kurdish
	Beth Nohadra (ܒܝܬ ܢܘܗܕܪܐ)	Syriac
Euphrates River	Al-Furāt (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
	Firat	Kurdish
	Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)	Syriac
Mosul	Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)	Standard Arabic
	Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)	Syriac
	Mosil (مووسڵ)	Kurdish
Tigris River	Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)	Syriac
	Dîcle (دیجلە)	Kurdish
	Dijla (دجله)	Standard Arabic

Ireland

Main article: Place names in Ireland

The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:

  Ireland Éire

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arklow	an tInbhear Mór	Irish
Carlingford	Cairlinn	Irish
Connaught	Connacht	Irish	Dated
Dalkey	Deilginis	Irish
Dursey	Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi	Irish
Dublin	Baile Átha Cliath	Irish
Fastnet	Carraig Aonair	Irish
Haulbowline	Inis Sionnach	Irish
Howth	Binn Éadair	Irish
Killarney	Cill Airne	Irish
Lambay	Reachrainn	Irish
Leinster	Laighin	Irish
Leixlip	Léim an Bhrádain	Irish
Meath	Mí	Irish
Munster	Mumhan	Irish
Oxmantown	Baile Lochlannach	Irish
Saltee	Na Sailtí	Irish
Selskar	Seilsceir	Irish
Skerries	Na Sceirí	Irish
Strangford	Loch Cuan	Irish
Ulster	Ulaidh	Irish
Waterford	Port Láirge	Irish
Wexford	Loch Garman	Irish
Wicklow	Cill Mhantáin	Irish

Israel

The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917). ^[15]

  Israel Yisrael (ישראל)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Acre	Ako (עכו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Beersheba	Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)	Modern Hebrew
Capernaum	Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Dead Sea	Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū (اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ)	Standard Arabic
	Yam hamMelaḥ (ים המלח)	Modern Hebrew
Galilee	haGalil (הגליל)	Modern Hebrew
Jaffa	Yafo (יפו)	Modern Hebrew
Joppa	Yafo (יפו)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name, dated
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic
	Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן)	Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem	Ūršalīm (أُورُشَلِيمَ)	Standard Arabic
	Yerushalayim (ירושלים)	Modern Hebrew	Latin name
Nazareth	Natzrat (נצרת)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name
Sea of Galilee	Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)	Standard Arabic
	Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)	Modern Hebrew
Safed	Tzfat (צפת)	Modern Hebrew	Arabic name
Tiberias	Tverya (טבריה)	Modern Hebrew	Greek name

Italy

  Italy Italia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Apulia	Puglia	Standard Italian
	Pùglia	Neapolitan
Aventine Hill	Aventino	Standard Italian
Caelian Hill	Celio	Standard Italian
Capitoline Hill	Campidoglio	Standard Italian
Florence	Firenze	Standard Italian	French name
Genoa	Genova	Standard Italian
	Zêna	Ligurian
Herculaneum	Ercolano	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum	Gianicolo	Standard Italian	Latin name
Latium	Lazio	Standard Italian	English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn	Livorno	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Lombardy	Lombardéa	Lombard	French name
	Lombardia	Standard Italian
Mantua	Mantua	Lombard
	Mantova	Standard Italian
Milan	Milan	Lombard
	Milano	Standard Italian
Montferrat	Monferrato	Standard Italian	French name
	Monfrà	Piedmontese
Naples	Napoli	Standard Italian	French name
	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Padova	Standard Italian
	Pàdova	Venetian
Piedmont	Piemont	Piedmontese
	Piemonte	Standard Italian
Phlegraean Fields	Campi Flegrei	Standard Italian
Pompeii	Pompei	Standard Italian	Latin name
Pontine Marshes	Agro Pontino	Standard Italian
Rome	Roma	Standard Italian	French name
Rubicon River	Rubicone	Standard Italian
Sardinia	Sardegna	Standard Italian
Sicily	Sicilia	Standard Italian
		Sicilian
Sienna	Siena	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Syracuse	Sarasusa	Sicilian
	Siracusa	Standard Italian
The Marches	Marche	Standard Italian	Obsolete
Tiber	Tevere	Standard Italian	Latin name
Tuscany	Toscana	Standard Italian
Turin	Torino	Standard Italian
	Turin	Piedmontese
Trent	Trento	Standard Italian	Dated
	Trent	Ladin and Lombard
Tyrol	Tirolo	Standard Italian
Venice	Venesia	Venetian	French name
	Venezia	Standard Italian
Vesuvius	Vesuvio	Neapolitan
		Standard Italian	Latin name

Many English exonyms were derived from the French variations, such as Rome and Venice.

Japan

  Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bonin Islands	Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)	Japanese
Iwo Jima	Iou-tou (硫黄島)	Japanese	Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks	Takeshima (竹島)	Japanese
Ryūkyū Islands	Nansei-shotou (南西諸島)	Japanese
Volcano Islands	Kazan Rettou (火山列島)	Japanese

The English name for Japan derives from the Portuguese name for the country, Japão, which was based on a Chinese transcription of Japan's endonym, Nippon or Nihon (日本). ^[16]

Laos

  Laos Lāo (ລາວ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Louangphabang	Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)	Lao	Also spelled Luangphabang
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)	Lao
Savannakhet	Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)	Lao
Viangchan [17]	Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)	Lao
Vientiane		Lao	from French
Wiangchan [18]		Lao

An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.

Latvia

  Latvia Latvija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Courland	Kurzeme	Latvian
Lettgallia	Latgale	Latvian	Dated
Semigallia	Zemgale	Latvian	Dated

Lebanon

  Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Sidon	Ṣaydā (صيدا)	Standard Arabic
Tyre	Ṣūr (صور)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic

Libya

  Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Cyrenaica	Barqah (برقة)	Standard Arabic
Fezzan	Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)	Berber
	Fizzān (فزان)	Standard Arabic
Misrata	Miṣrātah (مصراتة)	Standard Arabic
Sirte	Sirt (سرت)	Standard Arabic
Tripoli	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania	Ṭrables	Berber
	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Standard Arabic
	Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)	Maghrebi Arabic

Lithuania

  Lithuania Lietuva

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Neman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian
Nieman river	Nemunas	Lithuanian	Dated
Samogitia	Žemaitija	Lithuanian
Sudovia	Sudūva	Lithuanian
Yotvingia	Dainava	Lithuanian
Vilna or Wilna	Vilnius	Lithuanian	Obsolete

Malaysia

  Malaysia

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Malacca	Melaka	Malay
Penang Island	Pulau Pinang	Malay
Johore	Johor	Malay

Mexico

  Mexico México

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kino Bay	Hermosillo	Spanish
Rocky Point	Puerto Peñasco	Spanish	Dated

Moldova

  Moldova

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Kishinev	Chişinău	Romanian	Obsolete

Mongolia

  Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gobi Desert	Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)	Mongolian
Ulan Bator	Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)	Mongolian	Obsolete

Morocco

  Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Casablanca	Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Standard Arabic
	Kaza (كازا) [19]	Moroccan Arabic	Informal name for the city
	Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)	Berber
Fez	Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)	Berber
	Fās (فاس)	Standard Arabic
Tangier	Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)	Berber
	Ṭanjah (طنجة)	Standard Arabic

The English name for the country derives from the city name Marrakesh. ^[20] The Arabic name for the country, al-Magrib (المغرب), is Arabic for "the west".

Myanmar

  Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mekong River	Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)	Burmese
Naypyidaw	Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)	Burmese
Pagan	Bagan (ပုဂံ)	Burmese	Dated
Rangoon	Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)	Burmese	Dated
Ummerapoora	Amarapura (အမရပူရ)	Burmese	Dated

Nepal

    Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Mount Everest	Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)	Nepali

Netherlands

  Netherlands Nederland

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Brill	Brielle	Dutch	Obsolete
Dort	Dordrecht	Dutch	Obsolete
Flushing	Vlissingen	Dutch	Obsolete
Guelders	Gelderland	Dutch	Dated
Leyden	Leiden	Dutch	Dated
Meuse river	Maas	Dutch	French name
Rhine river	Rijn	Dutch
Ryswick	Rijswijk	Dutch	Obsolete
The Hague	Den Haag	Dutch

Norway

  Norway Noreg, Norge

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bear Island	Bjørnøya	Norwegian	Translation
North Cape	Davvenjárgga	Northern Sami
	Nordkapp	Norwegian
Slagen Valley	Slagndarn	Tunsbergian
	Slagendalen	Norwegian
The Southland	Sørlandet

North Korea

The inhabitants of North Korea prefer the official name of the country, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), ^[21] Chosǒn, or simply Korea.

  North Korea Chosǒn (조선)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Diamond Mountain	Kǔmkang-san (금강산)	Korean	English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Paektu Mountain	Paektu-san (백두산)	Korean
Tumen River	Tuman-kang (두만강)	Korean	Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River	Amnok-kang (압록강)	Korean	Mandarin name, as the river borders China

Palestine

  Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bethlehem	Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Levantine Arabic
	Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)	Standard Arabic
Gaza City	Ġazzah (غَزَّة)	Standard Arabic
Hebron	Al-Ḵalīl (الخليل)	Standard Arabic
Jericho	Arīḥā (أريحا)	Standard Arabic
Jerusalem	Al-Quds (القُدس)	Standard Arabic	Latin name
Jordan River	Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)	Standard Arabic

Philippines

  Philippines Pilipinas

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Caloocan	Kalookan	Tagalog
Cebu	Sugbo	Cebuano
Davao	Dabaw	Cebuano
Manila	Maynila	Tagalog

Poland

  Poland Polska

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Auschwitz	Oświęcim	Polish	Dated, German name
Breslau	Wrocław	Polish	Dated, German name
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty	Polish
Cracow	Kraków	Polish
Danzig	Gdańsk	Polish	Dated, German name
Galicia	Galicja	Polish
Giant Mountains	Karkonosze	Polish
Kashubia	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
	Kaszuby	Polish
Kuyavia	Kujawy	Polish
Mazovia	Mazowsze	Polish
Mazuria	Mazury	Polish
Oder river	Odra	Polish
Pomerania	Pomorze	Polish
Subcarpathia	Podkarpacie	Polish
Sudetes, Sudeten, Sudeten Mountains	Sudety	Polish
Silesia	Śląsk	Polish
	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Vistula river	Wisła	Polish
Warsaw	Warszawa	Polish

Portugal

  Portugal

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Azores	Açores	Portuguese	Spanish name
Braganza	Bragança	Portuguese	Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon	Lisboa	Portuguese
Oporto	Porto	Portuguese	Obsolete
Tagus river	Tejo	Portuguese	Latin name

Romania

  Romania România

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bucharest	București	Romanian
Carpathian Mountains	Carpați	Romanian
Danube River	Dunărea	Romanian
Jassy	Iași [22]	Romanian	Obsolete
Northern Dobruja	Dobrogea	Romanian	Romanian half of former Dobruja region
Transylvania	Transilvania	Romanian
Wallachia	Țara Românească, Valahia	Romanian

Russia

  Russia Rossiya (Россия)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Archangel	Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)	Russian	Dated
Black Sea	Chernoje (Черное)	Russian
Caucasus	Kavkaz (Кавказ)	Russian
Caspian Sea	Kaspijskoje more (Каспийское море)	Russian
Grozny	Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)	Chechen
	Groznyj (Грозный)	Russian
Moscow	Moskva (Москва)	Russian
Orel	Oryol (Орёл)	Russian	Obsolete
Pacific Ocean	Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан)	Russian
Plescow	Pskov (Псков)	Russian	Obsolete
Saint Petersburg	Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)	Russian
Siberia	Sibir' (Сибирь)	Russian

Saudi Arabia

  Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Arabian Sea	Al-Baḥr al-'Arabī (البحر العربي)	Standard Arabic
Empty Quarter	Rub' al Khali (ٱلرُّبْع ٱلْخَالِي)	Standard Arabic
Gulf of Aden	Ḫalīǧ ʻAdan (خليج عدن)	Standard Arabic
Jeddah	Jiddah (جِدَّة)	Standard Arabic
Mecca	Makkah (مکة)	Standard Arabic
Medina	Al-Madīnah (المدينة)	Standard Arabic
Persian Gulf	Xalij-e fârs (خلیج فارس)	Farsi
	Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī (اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ)	Standard Arabic
Red Sea	Al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar (البحر الأحمر)	Standard Arabic
Riyadh	Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Najdi Arabic
	Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)	Standard Arabic

Serbia

  Serbia Srbija (Србија)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Balkan Mountains	Stara Planina (Стара Планина)	Serbian
Belgrade	Beograd (Београд)	Serbian	French name
Danube river	Dunav (Дунав)	Serbian

Slovakia

  Slovakia Slovensko

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carpathian Mountains	Karpaty	Slovak
Cassovia	Košice	Slovak	Latin name
Danube river	Dunaj	Slovak
Gerlach Peak	Gerlachovský štít	Slovak
Maple Mountains	Javorníky	Slovak
Slovak Ore Mountains	Slovenské rudohorie	Slovak

Slovenia

  Slovenia Slovenija

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Carinthia	Koroška	Slovene
Inner Carniola	Notranjska	Slovene
Karawanks	Karavanke	Slovene
Karst	Kras	Slovene
Lower Carniola	Dolenjska	Slovene
Slovene Littoral	Primorska	Slovene
Styria	Štajerska	Slovene
Upper Carniola	Gorenjska	Slovene

Somalia

  Somalia Soomaaliya

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Baidoa	Baydhabo	Somali
Chisimaio	Kismaayo	Somali	Obsolete
Mogadishu	Muqdisho	Somali
Villabruzzi	Jowhaar	Somali	Dated

South Africa

Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.

  South Africa

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aliwal North	Maletswai	Sotho
Cape Town	ǁHui!gaeb	Khoekhoe
	Kaapstad	Afrikaans
	iKapa	Xhosa
Fish Hoek	Vishoek	Afrikaans
Grahamstown	Grahamstad	Afrikaans	Dated in Afrikaans and English
	iRhini	Xhosa
Makhanda	iRhini	Xhosa
Queenstown	Komani	Sotho
Simon's Town	Simonstad	Afrikaans

South Korea

  South Korea Hanguk (한국)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Liancourt Rocks	Dokdo (독도)	Korean
Port Hamilton	Geomundo (거문도)	Korean
Pusan	Busan (부산시)	Korean	Dated
Quelpart	Jeju (제주도)	Korean	Obsolete

Spain

English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.

  Spain España

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Andalusia	Andalucía	Spanish
Basque Country	País Vasco	Spanish
	Euskadi	Basque
Biscay	Bizkaia	Basque
	Vizcaya	Spanish
Castile	Castilla	Spanish
Catalonia	Catalunya	Catalan	Latin name
Corunna	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Douro	Duero	Spanish	Portuguese name
Majorca	Mallorca	Catalan	Dated
Minorca	Menorca	Catalan	Dated
Navarre	Nafarroa	Basque
Pampeluna	Pamplona	Spanish	Dated
Saragossa	Zaragoza	Spanish	Dated
Seville	Sevilla	Spanish
Tagus	Tajo	Spanish	Latin name
Teneriffe	Tenerife	Spanish	Obsolete, French name
The Groyne	A Coruña	Galician	Obsolete
Vittoria	Vitoria-Gasteiz	Compound of the Spanish and Basque names (often used separately)	Dated
	Vitorixe	Basque form of Spanish name

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.

  Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adam's Peak	Civaṉoḷipātam (சிவனொளிபாதம்) Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்)	Tamil
	Śrī Pāda (ශ්‍රී පාද)	Sinhala
Batticaloa	Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)	Tamil
	Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)	Sinhala
Chilaw	Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)	Tamil
	Halawta (හලාවත)	Sinhala
Colombo	Kolamba (කොළඹ)	Sinhala
	Kolumpu (கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Delft	Neṭuntīvu (நெடுந்தீவு)	Tamil
	Ḍelfṭ (ඩෙල්ෆ්ට්)	Sinhala
Galle	Galla (ගාල්ල)	Sinhala
	Kāli (காலி)	Tamil
Jaffna	Yāḻppāṇam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)	Tamil
	Yāpanaya (යාපනය)	Sinhala
Kandy	Kaṇṭi (கண்டி)	Tamil
	Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)	Sinhala
Kayts	Ūrkāvaṟtuṟai (ஊர்காவற்துறை)	Tamil
	Kayiṭs (කයිට්ස්)	Sinhala
Mutwal	Modara (මෝදර)	Sinhala
	Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)	Tamil
Negombo	Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)	Sinhala
	Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)	Tamil
Point Pedro	Paruttittuṟai (பருத்தித்துறை)	Tamil
	Pēduru Tuḍuva (පේදුරු තුඩුව)	Sinhala
Trincomalee	Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)	Tamil
	Thrikunamalaya (ත්‍රිකුණාමළය)	Sinhala

Sudan

  Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Khartoum	Al-Ḵurṭūm (الخَرطوم)	Standard Arabic
	El-Ḵortūm (الخَرطوم)	Sudanese Arabic
Nile River	An-Nīl (النيل)	Standard Arabic
	En-Nīl (النيل)	Sudanese Arabic
Omdurman	Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)	Sudanese Arabic
	Umm Durmān (أُم درمان)	Standard Arabic
Port Sudan	Burtusudan (بورتسودان)	Standard Arabic
	Bar'uut	Beja

Sweden

  Sweden Sverige

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Dalecarlia	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Latin name; Swedish name also used
		Swedish
Gothenburg	Göteborg	Swedish
North Bothnia	Norrbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used
Scania	Skåne	Swedish	Latin name
The Dales	Dalarna	Elfdalian	Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
		Swedish
West Bothnia	Västerbotten	Swedish	Swedish name also used in English

Switzerland

See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms

Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places. ^[23]

   Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Basle	Basel	Standard German	Obsolete
Berne	Bern	Standard German	Obsolete
Geneva	Genève	French
	Genf	Standard German
Lucerne	Luzern	Standard German
Rhine River	Rhein	Standard German
Valais	Wallis	Standard German

Syria

  Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aleppo	Ḥalab (حَلَب)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Damascus	Dimašq (دِمَشْق)	Standard Arabic
	Dimaš' (دِمَشْق)	Levantine Arabic
Euphrates River	Al-Furat (الفرات)	Standard Arabic
Homs	Ḥimṣ (حِمْص)	Standard Arabic
	Ḥumṣ (حُمْص)	Levantine Arabic
Palmyra	Tadmur (تَدْمُر)	Standard Arabic
		Levantine Arabic
Latakia	Al-Lāḏiqīyah (اللاذقية)	Standard Arabic
	El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)	Levantine Arabic

Thailand

Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.

  Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Bangkok	Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)	Thai	Bangkok was the name of a village built on the west bank of the Chao Phraya river before it grew and became the new capital of Siam, after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767. [24] The city is called Krung Thep among Thai citizens, but Bangkok among non-Thai citizens. The Thai government has attempted to change the official English name to Krung Thep, but the unofficial name of Bangkok remains in common use.
Mekong River	Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง)	Thai
Singora	Songkhla (สงขลา)	Thai	Obsolete

Taiwan

The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters. As mentioned above in the China section, many place names in Taiwan use either pinyin or Wade-Giles.

See also: Chinese language romanization in Taiwan

  Taiwan (臺灣)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Pehoe	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
Pescadores	Phîⁿ-ô͘	Hokkien
	Penghu (澎湖)	Mandarin	Dated, Portuguese name
Quemoy	Kimoi	Hokkien
	Kinmen (金門)	Mandarin	Possibly a Spanish or Portuguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi [25]

Tunisia

  Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Gabès	Gābes (قابس)	Maghrebi Arabic	Pronounced similar to English name
	Qābis (قابس)	Standard Arabic
Sfax	Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)	Berber
	Ṣfāqes (صفاقس)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Ṣafaqus (صفاقس)	Standard Arabic
Sousse	Susa	Berber
	Sūseh (سوسة)	Maghrebi Arabic
	Sūsah (سوسة)	Standard Arabic

Turkey

  Turkey Türkiye

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Adalia	Antalya	Turkish	Dated
Adrianople	Edirne	Turkish	Dated
Alexandretta	İskenderun	Turkish	Dated
Anemurium	Anamur	Turkish	Dated
Antioch	Antakya	Turkish	Dated
Bosphorus	Boǧaziçi	Turkish
Byzantium	İstanbul	Turkish	Obsolete
Caeserea	Kayseri	Turkish	Dated
Cappadocia	Kapadokya	Turkish
Claudiopolis	Mut	Turkish	Dated
Constantinople	İstanbul	Turkish	Dated
Dardanelles	Çanakkale Boǧazı	Turkish
Edessa	(Sanlı)urfa	Turkish	Dated
Ephesus	Efes	Turkish	Dated
Euphrates River	Fırat	Turkish
Gallipoli	Gelibolu	Turkish	Dated
Halicarnassus	Bodrum	Turkish	Dated
Heraclea Pontica	Karadeniz Ereǧli	Turkish	Dated
Iconium	Konya	Turkish	Dated
Imbros	Gökçeada	Turkish	Greek name
Istanbul	İstanbul	Turkish	Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul. [26] Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it. [27]
Kerasous	Giresun	Turkish	Dated
Laranda	Karaman	Turkish	Dated
Magnesia ad Sipylum	Manisa	Turkish	Dated
Nicaea	Iznik	Turkish	Dated
Nicomedia	Izmit	Turkish	Dated
Pergamon	Bergama	Turkish	Dated
Philadelphia	Alaşehir	Turkish	Dated
Prusa	Bursa	Turkish	Dated
Scutari	Üsküdar	Turkish	Dated [28]
Seleucia	Silifke	Turkish	Dated
Smyrna	İzmir	Turkish	Dated
Tenedos	Bozcaada	Turkish	Greek name
Thrace	Trakya	Turkish
Tigris River	Dicle	Turkish
Tralles	Aydın	Turkish	Dated
Trebizond	Trabzon	Turkish	Dated

In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government. ^[29] However, the majority of English speakers still refer to the country as Turkey in daily use.

Ukraine

  Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Black Sea	Chorne (Чорне)	Ukrainian
Carpathian Ruthenia	Karpatska Rus' (Карпатська Русь)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Carpathian Ukraine	Karpatska Ukrayina (Карпатська Україна)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Chernobyl	Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)	Ukrainian	Russian name
Crimea	Krym (Крим)	Ukrainian	Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia [30]
Danube River	Dunai (Дунай)	Ukrainian
Galicia	Halychyna (Галичина)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Gorlovka	Horlivka (Горлівка)	Ukrainian	Archaic, Russian name
Kharkov	Kharkiv (Харків)	Ukrainian	Archaic, Russian name
Kiev	Kyiv (Київ)	Ukrainian	Russian name; though the Russian endonym Kiev prevailed after the Soviet Union ended in 1991, in the late 2010s media outlets and governments began using Kyiv at the request of the Ukrainian government.
Krivoy Rog	Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)	Ukrainian	Archaic, Russian name
Podolia	Podillia (Поділля)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Subcarpathia	Pidkarpattia (Підкарпаття)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus	Pidkarpatska Rus' (Підкарпатська Русь)	Ukrainian	Historic region
Transcarpathia	Zakarpattia (Закарпаття)	Ukrainian
Transcarpathian Ukraine	Zakarpatska Ukrayina (Закарпатська Україна)	Ukrainian
Volhynia	Volyn' (Волинь)	Ukrainian	Historic region

United Kingdom

The places listed are where non-English local languages are mainly used or where the non-English names do not regularly correspond to the English one.

  United Kingdom

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Aberdovey	Aberdyfi	Welsh	Dated
Abergavenny	Y Fenni	Welsh
Achmore	An t-Acha Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Aird of Sleat	Àird Shlèite	Scottish Gaelic
Alexandria	Magh Leamhna	Scottish Gaelic
Ammanford	Rhydaman	Welsh
Anglesey	Ynys Môn	Welsh
Applecross	A'Chomraich	Scottish Gaelic
Ardvasar	Àird a Bhàsair	Scottish Gaelic
Arinagour	Àirigh na Gobhar	Scottish Gaelic
Bala Lake	Llyn Tegid	Welsh
Balivanich	Baile a Mhanaich	Scottish Gaelic
Ballygrant	Baile a Ghràna	Scottish Gaelic
Bardsey Island	Ynys Enlli	Welsh
Barmouth	Abermaw or Y Bermo	Welsh
Barra	Barraigh	Scottish Gaelic
Barvas	Barabhas	Scottish Gaelic
Bayble	Pabail	Scottish Gaelic
Bearsden	Cille Phàdraig Ùr	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kilpatrick
Beauly	A'Mhanachainn	Scottish Gaelic
Beaumaris	Biwmaris	Welsh
Benbecula	Beinn na Fadhla	Scottish Gaelic
Bernisdale	Beàrnasdal	Scottish Gaelic
Bishopbriggs	Coille Dobhair	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Cadder
Bonvilston	Tresimwn	Welsh
Borrowstounness (Bo'ness)	Ceann an Fhàil	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kinneil
Bowmore	Bogh Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Bracadale	Bracadal	Scottish Gaelic
Brecknockshire nowadays usually Breconshire	Brycheiniog	Welsh
Brecon	Aberhonddu	Welsh
Brecon Beacons	Bannau Brycheiniog	Welsh
Bridgend (Scotland)	Beul an Àtha	Scottish Gaelic
Bridgend (Wales)	Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr	Welsh
Breasclete	Breascleit	Scottish Gaelic
Broadford	An t-Àth Leathann	Scottish Gaelic
Buckley	Bwcle	Welsh
Builth Wells	Llanfair-ym-Muallt	Welsh
Caerleon	Caerllion	Welsh
Ca(e)rnavon	Caernarfon	Welsh	Dated
Cairngorms	Am Monadh Ruadh	Scottish Gaelic
Cairnryan	Machair An Sgithich, Cairn Rioghainne	Scottish Gaelic
Callinish	Calanais	Scottish Gaelic
Caldey Island	Ynys Bŷr	Welsh
Calgary	Calgarraidh	Scottish Gaelic
Camastianavaig	Camas Dìonabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Campbeltown	Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran	Scottish Gaelic
Cardiff	Caerdydd	Welsh
Cardigan	Aberteifi	Welsh
Carinish	Càirinis	Scottish Gaelic
Carloway	Càrlabhag	Scottish Gaelic
Carmarthen	Caerfyrddin	Welsh
Castlebay	Bàgh a Chaisteal	Scottish Gaelic
Cardiganshire	Ceredigion	Welsh	Dated
Chepstow	Cas-gwent	Welsh
Chirk	Y Waun	Welsh
Cleadale	Clèadail	Scottish Gaelic
Coll	Cola	Scottish Gaelic
Colonsay	Colbhasa	Scottish Gaelic
Conway	Conwy	Welsh	Dated
Cowbridge	Y Bont-faen	Welsh
Craighouse	Taigh na Creige	Scottish Gaelic
Craignure	Craig an Iobhar	Scottish Gaelic
Daliburgh	Dalabrog	Scottish Gaelic
Denbigh	Dinbych	Welsh
Devil's Bridge	Pontarfynach	Welsh
Dingwall	Inbhir Pheofharain	Scottish Gaelic
Dolgelley	Dolgellau	Welsh	Dated
Dufftown	Baile Bhainidh	Scottish Gaelic
Dunvegan	Dùn Bheagain	Scottish Gaelic
Ebbw Vale	Glyn Ebwy	Welsh
Edinbane	An t-Aodann Bàn	Scottish Gaelic
Eigg	Eige	Scottish Gaelic
Elgol	Ealaghol	Scottish Gaelic
Eriskay	Èirisgeigh	Scottish Gaelic
Fishguard	Abergwaun	Welsh
Flint	Y Fflint	Welsh
Flowerdale	Am Baile Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Fort Augustus	Cille Chuimein	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Kilwhimin
Fort William	An Gearasdan	Scottish Gaelic
Fortrose	A' Chananaich	Scottish Gaelic
Glamorgan	Morgannwg	Welsh
Goodwick	Wdig	Welsh
Gower Peninsula	Gŵyr	Welsh
Great Orme	Y Gogarth	Welsh
Harlosh	Hèarrlois	Scottish Gaelic
Harris	Na Hearadh	Scottish Gaelic
Haverfordwest	Hwlffordd	Welsh
Hawarden	Penarlâg	Welsh
Hay-on-Wye	Y Gelli Gandryll informally Y Gelli	Welsh
Holyhead	Caergybi	Welsh
Holywell	Treffynnon	Welsh
Holywood, Dumfriesshire	Doire Chonaill	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Dercongal
Howmore	Tobha Mòr	Scottish Gaelic
Iona	Ì Chaluim Chille	Scottish Gaelic
Islay	Ìle	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Lewis	Leodhas	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Mull	Muile	Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Skye	Sgitheneach	Scottish Gaelic
Isleornsay	Eilean Iarmain	Scottish Gaelic
Jura	Diùra	Scottish Gaelic
Kincardineshire	A' Mhaorainn	Scottish Gaelic	Sometimes called The Mearns
Knighton	Tref-y-clawdd	Welsh
Kyleakin	Caol Àcain	Scottish Gaelic
Kylerhea	Caol Reatha	Scottish Gaelic
Lampeter	Llanbedr Pont Steffan	Welsh
Laurencekirk	Coinmheadh	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Conveth
Laxdale	Lacadal	Scottish Gaelic
Leurbost	Liùrbost	Scottish Gaelic
Leverburgh	An t-Òbh	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Obbe
Linlithgow	Gleann Iucha	Scottish Gaelic
Llandovery	Llanymddyfri	Welsh
Llantwit Major	Llanilltud Fawr	Welsh
Lochboisdale	Loch Baghasdail	Scottish Gaelic
Lochmaddy	Loch nam Madadh	Scottish Gaelic
Lochnagar	Beinn Chìochan	Scottish Gaelic
Menai Bridge	Porthaethwy	Welsh
Menai Strait	Afon Menai	Welsh	Welsh name means "River Menai"
Merionethshire	Meirionydd	Welsh
Milford Haven	Aberdaugleddau	Welsh
Milovaig	Miolabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Mold	Yr Wyddgrug	Welsh
Monmouth	Trefynwy	Welsh
Monmouthshire	Sir Fynwy	Welsh
Montgomeryshire	Trefaldwyn	Welsh
Mountain Ash	Aberpennar	Welsh
Muck	Muc	Scottish Gaelic
Neath	Castell-nedd	Welsh
Newbridge	Trecelyn	Welsh
Newport	Casnewydd	Welsh
Newtonferry	Port nan Long	Scottish Gaelic
Newtown	Y Drenewydd	Welsh
Northop	Llaneurgain	Welsh
Orsay	Orasaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Pembrokeshire	Penfro	Welsh
Pont Neath Vaughan	Pontneddfechan	Welsh	Dated
Port Askaig	Port Asgaig	Scottish Gaelic
Port Charlotte	Port Sgioba	Scottish Gaelic
Port Dinorwic	Y Felinheli	Welsh	Dated
Port Ellen	Port Ìlain	Scottish Gaelic
Port of Ness	Port Nis	Scottish Gaelic
Portmadoc	Porthmadog	Welsh	Dated
Portnaguran	Port nan Giùran	Scottish Gaelic
Portnahaven	Port na-hAbhainn	Scottish Gaelic
Portree	Port Righ	Scottish Gaelic
Presteigne	Llanadras	Welsh
Puffin Island	Ynys Seiriol	Welsh
Raasay	Ratharsair	Scottish Gaelic
Radnor; Radnorshire	Maesyfed; Sir Maesyfed	Welsh
Rhymney	Rhymni	Welsh
River Forth	An Abhainn Dubh	Scottish Gaelic
River Severn	Hafren	Welsh
River Towy	Afon Tywi	Welsh
River Usk	Afon Wysg	Welsh
River Wye	Afon Gwy	Welsh
Rodel	Roghadal	Scottish Gaelic
Rothesay	Baile Bhòid	Scottish Gaelic
Saint Asaph	Llanelwy	Welsh
Saint David's	Tyddewi	Welsh
Saint Kilda	Hiort	Scottish Gaelic	Main island called Hirta
Salen	An t-Sàilean	Scottish Gaelic
Scalpay	Sgalpaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Scarinish	Sgarainis	Scottish Gaelic
Scotland	Alba	Scottish Gaelic
Skigersta	Sgiogarstaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Snowdon	Yr Wyddfa	Welsh
Snowdonia	Eryri	Welsh
Soay	Sòdhaigh	Scottish Gaelic
South Queensferry	Cas Chaolais	Scottish Gaelic	Formerly Caschillis
Staffa	Stafa	Scottish Gaelic
Stein	Steinn	Scottish Gaelic
Stoneybridge	Staoinebrig	Scottish Gaelic
Stornoway	Steòrnabhagh	Scottish Gaelic
Swansea	Abertawe	Welsh
Tain	Baile Dubhthaich	Scottish Gaelic
Tarbert	Tairbeart	Scottish Gaelic
Tarskavaig	Tarsgabhaig	Scottish Gaelic
Tenby	Dynbich-y-pysgod	Welsh
The Cobbler	Beinn Artair	Scottish Gaelic	Also called Ben Arthur
Tigharry	Taigh a'Gherraidh	Scottish Gaelic
Tintern	Dindyrn	Welsh
Tiree	Tiriodh	Scottish Gaelic
Tobermory	Tobar Mhoire	Scottish Gaelic
Torrin	Na Torrain	Scottish Gaelic
Troon	An Truthail	Scottish Gaelic
Towyn	Tywyn	Welsh	Dated
Uist	Uibhist	Scottish Gaelic
Ulva	Ulbha	Scottish Gaelic
Usk	Brynbuga	Welsh
Vale of Glamorgan	Bro Morgannwg	Welsh
Vatersay	Bhatarsaigh	Scottish Gaelic
Wishaw	Camasneachdain	Scottish Gaelic
Wales	Cymru	Welsh
Welshpool	Y Trallwng	Welsh
Whitland	Hendy-gwyn	Welsh
Wrexham	Wrecsam	Welsh

United States

Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.

  United States

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Allegheny River	Ohi:'i:o	Seneca
Mount McKinley	Denali	Koyukon	See Denali-Mount McKinley naming dispute
Mount Rainier	Tacoma	Salish
Red House	Joë'hesta	Seneca

Vietnam

All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics; names without them are not listed here.

  Vietnam Việt Nam

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Annamite Range	Dãy Trường Sơn	Vietnamese
Black River	Sông Đà	Vietnamese
Faifo [31]	Hội An	Vietnamese	Obsolete
Fansipan	Phan Xi Păng	Vietnamese
Ha Long Bay	Vịnh Hạ Long	Vietnamese
Ho Chi Minh City	Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh	Vietnamese
Marble Mountains	Ngũ Hành Sơn	Vietnamese	Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Mekong River	Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long	Vietnamese
Perfume River	Sông Hương	Vietnamese	Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
Red River	Sông Hồng	Vietnamese
West Lake	Hồ Tây	Vietnamese

Yemen

  Yemen al-Yaman (ٱلْيَمَنْ)

English name	Endonym		Notes
	Name	Language
Socotra	Suquṭrā (سُقُطْرَىٰ)	Standard Arabic
	Saqatri (ساقطري)	Soqotri

See also

• List of European exonyms
• List of European regions with alternative names
• List of European rivers with alternative names
• List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
• List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance

References

1. Peeter Päll, Estonia, "Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?" UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Group on Romanization Systems (2002)
2. Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman - 2007- Page 16 "2.2.11 This brings us on to the question of romanization. Does the application of a romanization system turn an endonym into an exonym? In his GeoNames 2000 paper Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?, Peeter Päll argued convincingly.."
3. M. B. Hooker Laws of South-East Asia: The pre-modern texts 1986 - Page 23 "Place names such as Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Moulmein have been left in the English form which is familiar to the non-Burmese reader. Personal names also have been left in the old romanization which seems to be familiar to.."
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5. Utrata Fachwörterbuch: Geographie - Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch by Jürgen Utrata (2014). Retrieved 10 Apr 2014.
6. Worsch, Wolfgang (2004). Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch , Langenscheidt KG, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, New York, pp. 1269-1272. ISBN   3-468-02126-7.
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9. Kaske, Elisabeth (2008). "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education". Brill. p. 52. ISBN   978-9004163676.
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11. Chew, Phillis Ghim-Lian (2013). Emergent Lingua Francas and World Orders: The Politics and Place of English as a World Language. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN   978-1135235567.
12. Forêt, Philippe (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. University of Hawaii Press. p. xv. ISBN   9780824822934.
13. Webb, Adrian. The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. 2008.
14. "egypt | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
15. Dorit Diskin Ravid Spelling Morphology 2012- Page 10 "For example, in the Hebraist tradition, current v would be transcribed as either w or b following Hebrew graphemes – so that official place names on road signs in Israel can be quite misleading to non-Hebrew readers traveling around Israel."
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21. York, Rob (2014-02-07). "Why is North Korea called the DPRK? | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
22. Robert D. Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. 1993. (Picador, 2014.) p. 119. ISBN   9781466868304
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27. Lonely Planet Turkey ed. Verity Campbell 2007 Page 233 "There are also flights between İzmir and Europe on various European airlines (see p672). With the launch of İzmir Airlines, direct flights to Europe will greatly increase, and İzmir is billed to become one of Turkey's biggest hubs." and Page 291 "Original İznik tiles are antiquities and cannot be exported from Turkey, but new tiles make great, if not particularly cheap, souvenirs."
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31. Jean-Pierre Duteil Alexandre de Rhodes' Histoire du royaume du Tonkin 1999 Page 37 "Tourane se développe aux dépends de Faifo à la fin du XVIfle siècle, et l'éclipsé à peu près complètement au XTXe. "Faifo" doit son nom au "marché" (phô) de Hôi an (Hôi-an phô). "Tourane" correspondrait à la pronunciation chinoise de .."