This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Care should be taken in comparing the cost of projects from different times, even a few years apart due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current as of 2023 [update] .
According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people". [1]
Project | Description | Country | Location | Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion | Est. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation | Start of construction | Year of completion | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Confederation Line | Rapid transit | Canada | Ottawa | 5.1 [117] | 6 | 2013 [118] | Completed 2019 (stage 1) Expected 2026 (stage 2) | $2.1 billion + $4.66 billion CA$ [117] | |
Milan Metro Line 4 | Rapid transit | Italy | Milan | 2.24 [119] | 2.6 | 2014 [120] | Completed 2022 (Phase One) 2023 (Phase Two) Expected 2024 (Phase Three) | Roughly €1.9 billion as of April 2020 [update] . | |
Lusail Tram | Light rail | Qatar | Lusail | 2.7as of 2014 [update] [121] | 3.4 | 2016 | Completed 2022 (First part of orange line) Expected Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations | ||
Hyderabad Metro | Rapid transit | India | Hyderabad | 2.4 as of November 2017 [update] [122] | 2.9 | 2012 | Completed 2018 (First stretch) 2020 (Second stretch) Expected Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations | ||
Trans-Sumatra Toll Road | Highway | Indonesia | Sumatra | 33.2 [123] | 36.8 | Completed Several segments at varying times (2019-2022) Expected 2023, 2024 (Remaining segments) | |||
K Line | Light rail | United States | Los Angeles | 2.1 [124] | 2.3 | 2014 | Completed 2022 (first section) Expected 2024 (rest of line) | ||
WestConnex | Tunnel (road) | Australia | Sydney | 14 [125] | 17.6 | 2015 | Completed Several segments at varying times (2016-2023) Expected 2023 (Remaining segments) | ($16.8 billion AUD) | |
Skyline | Railway | United States | Oʻahu | 12.4 [126] | 13.8 | 2011 | Completed 2023 (Phase 1) Expected 2025 (Phase 2) 2031 (Phase 3) | ||
Sydney Metro | Rapid transit | Australia | Sydney | 14.2 [127] | 15.8 | 2013 | Completed 2019 (Phase 1) Expected 2030 (remaining phases) | AUD $20.5 billion (Stage 1 and 2) [127] | |
El Insurgente | Commuter rail | Mexico | State of Mexico; Mexico City | 2.8 [128] | 3.2 | 2015 | Completed 2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma) Expected 2024 (Lerma to Observatorio) | ||
Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway | Highway | Turkey | Tekirdağ to Balıkesir | 2 [129] | 2.5 | 2017 | Completed 2023 (Malkara-Lapseki) Expected 2024 (remaining phases) | ||
Lagos Rail Mass Transit | Rapid transit, Commuter rail | Nigeria | Lagos | 3.6 [130] [131] | 3.7 | 2009 | Completed 2023 (Blue Line) Expected 2024 (Red Line) | ||
A-1 motorway | Highway | Montenegro | Montenegro | 3.7 [132] [133] | 3.8 | 2015 [134] | Completed 2023 (first 43 km section) Expected | (2.77 billion €) |
Project | Description | Country | Location | Status (suspended or abandoned) | Approximate cost (in billions USD) and year of cost estimate | Start of construction | Year suspended | Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern Latitudinal Railway | Railway | Russia | Labytnangi (Obskaya) - Korotchaevo | Suspended | 3.03 (2018) [230] | 2018 | 2022 |
Project | Description | Location | Approximate cost (in billions USD) | Proposed start of construction | Proposed year of completion | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Great Istanbul Tunnel | Railway, Undersea tunnel | Istanbul, Turkey | 3.5 [231] | TBD | TBD | After Marmaray and Eurasia Tunnel's, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides. |
Arctic Railway | Railway | Finland, Norway | 3.43 [232] | TBD | TBD | A connecting line between Kirkenes port and the Finnish railway network. |
Bridge of the Horns | Bridge (rail/road) | Djibouti, Yemen | 20 | TBD | TBD | A bridge across the Red Sea. |
Crossrail 2 | Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit | Greater London, United Kingdom | 49.4 in 2014 money [233] | 2023 | 2030s[ citation needed ] | A new railway line in England, serving London, Surrey & Hertfordshire to interlink with Crossrail (above). |
Helsinki City Rail Loop | Commuter Rail | Finland | 1.77 [234] | TBD | TBD | An underground rail loop in Helsinki. |
Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel | Railway, Undersea tunnel | Finland, Estonia | 17.74 [235] | TBD | TBD | |
Irish Sea Bridge | Bridge (rail/road) | United Kingdom | 20.55 [236] | TBD | TBD | A proposed bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland, supported by the Johnson ministry. [237] |
Lentorata | Railway tunnel | Finland | 6.5 [238] | 2030 | TBD | An airport rail link for Helsinki Airport. |
Malacca Strait Bridge | Bridge (road) | Indonesia, Malaysia | 14 [239] | TBD | TBD | A proposed 48 kilometer bridge over the Strait of Malacca. |
MetroLink (Dublin) | Rapid transit | Greater Dublin Area, Ireland | 9.83 [240] | 2025 | 2031-2034 | |
Saudi–Egypt Causeway | Causeway | Saudi Arabia, Egypt | 4 | TBD | TBD | |
Strait of Messina Bridge | Bridge (rail/road) | Italy | 6.6 | TBD | TBD | |
Sunda Strait Bridge | Bridge (rail/road) | Indonesia | 18.87 [241] | TBD | TBD | The project has been indefinitely postponed. [242] |
Singapore Strait crossing | Tunnel (undersea) | Singapore, Indonesia | TBD | TBD | TBD | A proposed tunnel between Singapore and Indonesia. |
Qatar–Bahrain Causeway | Causeway | Qatar, Bahrain | 5 | TBD | TBD | |
Texas Central Railway | High-speed rail | Texas | 5.9 | TBD | TBD | Would operate between Dallas and Houston, with a stop in the Brazos Valley region |
LinkUS | Rapid transit | Columbus, Ohio | 8 [243] | 2024 | 2030 | Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050. [243] [244] |
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2 | Rapid transit | New York City | 6.39 [245] | TBD | TBD | Project was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022. [246] |
Gateway Tunnel | Tunnel (rail) | New York City to New Jersey (Hudson River) | 16.1 [247] | TBD | TBD | |
Interborough Express | Light rail | New York City | 5.5 [248] (in 2027 dollars) [249] | TBD | TBD | New light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connecting Brooklyn and Queens. Still in planning stages. |
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail Expansion | Light rail | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 3 [250] | 2023 | 2025 (at least first sections) | Would add 145.5 km (90.4 mi) to existing light rail network |
Bagamoyo Port | Seaport | Bagamoyo, Tanzania | 10 [251] | 2023 | ||
Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacement | Railway | Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile | 1.32 [252] | 2025 | 2030 | |
D2 Subway | Light rail | Dallas | 1.7-1.9 [253] | TBD | 2028 | |
City Centre–Mangere Line | Light rail | New Zealand | 8.7 [254] | TBD | TBD | In the detailed planning phase. Would connect Auckland Airport to the CBD, terminating at Wynyard Quarter |
The Mumbai Metro is a rapid transit (MRT) system serving the city of Mumbai and the wider Mumbai Metropolitan Region in Maharashtra, India.
The Kolkata Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Kolkata and the wider Kolkata Metropolitan Region in West Bengal, India. Opening in 1984, it was the first operational rapid transit system in India, beside being the second busiest and fourth-longest metro network in India. As of March 2024, it has four operational lines: the 32.13 km (19.96 mi) Line 1 from Dakshineswar to Kavi Subhash, 14.1 km (8.8 mi) Line 2 from Salt Lake Sector V to Howrah Maidan, 7.75 km (4.82 mi) Line 3 from Joka to Majerhat and 5.4 km (3.4 mi) Line 6 from Kavi Subhash to Hemanta Mukherjee for a total of 59.38 km (36.90 mi). Two other lines are in various phases of construction and planning. The system has a mix of underground, at-grade and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks. Trains operate between 06:55 and 22:30 IST and the fares range from ₹5 to ₹50.
Chennai Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, India. As of April 2024, the operational network consists of two colour-coded lines covering a length of 54.1 km (33.6 mi) making it the fifth longest metro system in India. Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a joint venture between Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu built and operates the Chennai Metro. The system uses standard gauge and has a mix of underground and elevated stations.
Washington Dulles International Airport station is a Washington Metro station at Dulles International Airport in Loudoun County, Virginia, U.S., on the Silver Line. After years of delays, the station opened on November 15, 2022. The station was originally planned to be underground but was built as an above-ground station next to daily parking garage 1.
MetroLink is a proposed metro line for the city of Dublin. It replaces an earlier proposal called Metro North which was first recommended in the then Irish Government's 2005 Transport 21 transport plan.
Delhi has significant reliance on its transport infrastructure. The city has developed a highly efficient public transport system with the introduction of the Delhi Metro, which is undergoing a rapid modernization and expansion since 2006. There are 16.6 million registered vehicles in the city as of 30 June 2014, which is the highest in the world among all cities, most of which do not follow any pollution emission norm, while the Delhi metropolitan region has 11.2 million vehicles. Delhi and NCR lose nearly 42 crore man-hours every month while commuting between home and office through public transport, due to the traffic congestion. Therefore, serious efforts, including a number of transport infrastructure projects, are under way to encourage usage of public transport in the city.
The Macau Light Rapid Transit is a mass transit system in Macau and is also the first railway system in Macau. The first phase of the project started construction in February 2012, and the first section of the Taipa line was opened to the public on 10 December 2019, followed by the Barra Station Extend Line on 8 December 2023. MTR (Macau), a wholly-owned subsidiary of MTR, was operating and maintaining the MLRT under the operations and maintenance assistance services, until it expires in December 2024. Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited (MLM) is directly responsible for the operations and maintenance assistance services of the MLRT from 1 April 2024.
The John Holland Group is an infrastructure, building, rail and transport business operating in Australia and New Zealand. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a subsidiary of China Communications Construction.
The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway is a railway line in Israel connecting the cities of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. The line serves as the main rail link between the two cities, complementing the old Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. As such, the railway is often referred to in Israel as the high-speed railway to Jerusalem to distinguish it from the older, longer and slower line. In spite of that name, the line is not high-speed under the definition used by the International Union of Railways: both its design speed of 200 km/h (125 mph) and its current operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) are below the 250 km/h (155 mph) threshold used by the UIC to define high-speed railways, and it is traversed by IR's regular rolling stock instead of the UIC requirement for specially-designed high-speed trains.
Cross River Rail is an underground heavy rail project currently under construction in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The project will see the development of a new rail line underneath Brisbane River, alongside the redevelopment of a number of stations in the Brisbane central business district and along the Beenleigh railway line. The business case for the project was released in August 2017, with construction work officially beginning in September that year. The project replaced the planned 2013 BaT Tunnel, which in turn had replaced the original 2010 Cross River Rail proposal. It is the largest infrastructure megaproject ever undertaken in Queensland.
The Dhaka Metro Rail, or simply the Dhaka Metro, is a mass rapid transit system serving Dhaka, the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is owned and operated by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL). Together with the under construction Dhaka BRT, proposed Dhaka Subway and Dhaka suburban circular rail, it is expected to reduce traffic congestion in the city. The metro rail network has five planned lines which are the MRT Line 6, the only operational line, MRT Line 1 and MRT line 5, which are under construction, and MRT Line 2 and MRT Line 4, which are in the planning stages. It is part of the Strategic Transport Plan outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA).
The Doha Metro is a rapid transit system in the Doha Metropolitan Area of Qatar's capital city Doha, which became operational on 8 May 2019. It has three lines with an approximate overall length of 76 km (47 mi) and 37 stations. It is an integral component of the larger Qatar Rail network, which will include a long-distance rail for passengers and freight, linking Qatar to the GCC, and the Lusail LRT. Capable of reaching 100 km/h (62 mph), the Doha Metro has one of the fastest driverless trains in the world.
Sydney Metro is a fully automated rapid transit system in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The first component, the Metro North West Line, opened on 26 May 2019, running between Tallawong and Chatswood. It currently consists of 13 stations and 36 km (22.4 mi) of twin tracks, mostly underground. Work is progressing to extend this line from Chatswood to Bankstown as part of the City & Southwest project, which will run under Sydney Harbour and the Sydney Central Business District (CBD), with a scheduled 2025 completion. When completed, the entire line from Tallawong to Bankstown will have 66 km (41.0 mi) of twin tracks and 31 stations.
The Réseau express métropolitain is a light metro rapid transit system in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It currently consists of five stations and connects Downtown Montreal with the suburb of Brossard. Extensions to the western Montreal suburbs and Montréal–Trudeau International Airport are under construction and will open in two stages in 2025 and 2027. A portion of the route was taken over from the Exo commuter rail Deux-Montagnes line and is being converted to light metro standards.
Between 2015 and 2023, Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, considered introducing light rail lines to replace some of its most heavily used bus routes. Many of these new light rail lines would have reused the routes of Auckland's former tram system. Light rail systems have been proposed in Auckland throughout the late-20th and early 21st centuries following the closure of the tram system in the 1950s.
The Airport line is a suburban railway line and service in Perth, Western Australia, operated by the Public Transport Authority as part of the Transperth system. The Airport line is a branch of the Midland line and runs underground between Bayswater and High Wycombe via Perth Airport. The Airport line branch is 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) long and has three stations: Redcliffe, Airport Central, and High Wycombe stations. Airport line services continue west of Bayswater along the Midland and Fremantle lines via Perth station to terminate at Claremont station.
Sydney Metro City & Southwest is a 30-kilometre (19 mi) rapid transit project currently under-construction in Sydney, Australia. The project will extend the Metro North West Line from Chatswood on the North Shore, to Bankstown in the city's south-west via the Sydney central business district.
The Metro Manila Subway, formerly known as the Mega Manila Subway (MMS), is an under-construction underground rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The 33-kilometer (21 mi) line, which will run north–south between Valenzuela, Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque and Pasay, consists of 17 stations between the East Valenzuela and Bicutan stations. It will become the country's second direct airport rail link after the North–South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, previously known as Sydney Metro Greater West, is a rapid transit rail project currently under-construction in Greater Western Sydney. The project involves the construction of a 23-kilometre (14 mi) line as part of the Sydney Metro system. The line will operate between St Marys, where the line will connect to the Main Western railway line, and Badgerys Creek Aerotropolis via the Western Sydney Airport. It is intended to provide public transport for the upcoming Western Sydney Airport. Construction of the line started in December 2022 and is expected to be completed in late 2026 in time for the opening of the airport.
The LAX Automated People Mover is an under construction automated people mover (APM) system that will serve the area around Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)Work performed as part of the $2.1 billion RPM Phase One project will make commuting better for all CTA riders with improved service and modern rail stations that are fully accessible to people with disabilities.