Long Walk to Freedom

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Long Walk to Freedom
Long Walk to Freedom.jpg
First edition
Author Nelson Mandela
Cover artist Allan Tannenbaum
CountrySouth Africa
LanguageEnglish
SubjectAutobiography
Publisher Little, Brown
Publication date
1994
Media typePrint (hardback and paperback)
Pages630 pp
ISBN 0-316-87496-5
OCLC 39296287

Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography by South Africa's first democratically elected President Nelson Mandela, and it was first published in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. [1] [2] The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years spent in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was regarded as a terrorist and jailed on Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed African National Congress (ANC) and its armed wing the Umkhonto We Sizwe. [3] [4] He later achieved international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregationist society. [5] The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension and his belief that the struggle still continued against apartheid in South Africa. [6]

Contents

Overview

In the first part of the life story, Mandela describes his upbringing as a child and adolescent in South Africa and being connected to the royal Thembu dynasty. His Xhosa birth name was Rolihlahla, which is loosely translated as "pulling the branch of a tree", or a euphemism for "troublemaker". [7]

Mandela describes his education at a Thembu college called Clarkebury, and later at the strict Healdtown school, where students were strictly put in routines. He mentions his education at the University of Fort Hare, and his practice of law later on. He also writes; "Democracy meant all men to be heard, and the decision was taken together as a people. Majority rule was a foreign notion. A minority was not to be clashed by a majority." (p. 29)

In the second part of the book, Mandela introduces political and social aspects of apartheid in South Africa, and the influences of politicians such as Daniel François Malan who performed the nadir of African freedoms, as he officially began the apartheid policies. Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1950 and describes his organisation of guerrilla plan and underground organisations to battle against apartheid.

In 1961, Mandela was convicted for encouraging people to strike and leaving the country without a passport and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. However, Mandela was shortly thereafter sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage in what was known as the "Rivonia Trial", by Justice Dr Quartus de Wet, instead of a possible death sentence. (p. 159)

Nelson Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island Nelson Mandela's prison cell, Robben Island, South Africa.jpg
Nelson Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island

Mandela describes prison time on Robben Island and Pollsmoor Prison. His 28-year time in prison was marked by the cruelty of Afrikaner guards, backbreaking labour, and sleeping in minuscule cells which were nearly uninhabitable. Unlike his biographer Anthony Sampson, Mandela does not accuse the guard James Gregory of fabricating a friendship with his prisoner. Gregory's book Goodbye Bafana discussed Mandela's family life and described Gregory as a close personal friend of Mandela. According to Mandela: The Authorised Biography , Gregory's position was to censor the letters delivered to the future president, and he thereby discovered the details of Mandela's personal life, which he then made money from by means of his book Goodbye Bafana. Mandela considered suing Gregory for this break of trust. [8] In Long Walk to Freedom Mandela remarks of Gregory only that 'I had not known him terribly well, but he knew us, because he had been responsible for reviewing our incoming and outgoing mail.' [9]

Later on in his sentence, Mandela met South African president, Frederik Willem de Klerk, and was released from prison in 1990. Unlike his friend Anthony Sampson's account, Mandela's book does not discuss the claimed collaboration of de Klerk in the violence of the eighties and nineties, or the role of his ex-wife Winnie Mandela in that bloodshed. Mandela became the President of South Africa in 1994.

Reception

The book won the Alan Paton Award in 1995 and has been published in many languages, including an Afrikaans translation by Antjie Krog.

Film adaptation

Long Walk to Freedom has been adapted into a film titled Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom directed by Justin Chadwick, written by William Nicholson, and produced by Anant Singh. Mandela personally awarded the film rights to the book to Singh's company some years before 2009. Singh believes that as the film is based on Mandela's writing, it will be the "definitive" biopic of him. [10] English actor Idris Elba portrays Mandela in the film. [11] The film was limited released on 29 November 2013 in the United States. The full release happened on Christmas Day 2013 in the United States. [12] When the film was shown in London for Prince William and his wife, Nelson Mandela's death was announced.

Ghost writer and second memoir

In an obituary of Mandela, The Times of London reported that the latter chapters of Long Walk to Freedom had been "ghosted by a skilful US journalist", and that Mandela had later started work on a second set of memoirs without a ghost writer. [13]

A follow-up memoir was published in 2017, compiled by Mandla Langa from Mandela's handwritten notes and unfinished draft, together with archive material and with a prologue by Graça Machel: entitled Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years, this volume took its title from the closing sentence of Long Walk to Freedom: "But I can only rest for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not ended." [14] [15] [16]

Related Research Articles

Pollsmoor Prison, officially known as Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison, is located in the Cape Town suburb of Tokai in South Africa. Pollsmoor is a maximum security penal facility that continues to hold some of South Africa's most dangerous criminals. Although the prison was designed with a maximum capacity of 4,336 offenders attended by a staff of 1,278, the current inmate population is over 7,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drakenstein Correctional Centre</span> Prison in South Africa

Drakenstein Correctional Centre is a low-security prison between Paarl and Franschhoek, on the R301 road 5 km from the R45 Huguenot Road, in the valley of the Dwars River in the Western Cape of South Africa. The prison is the location where Nelson Mandela spent the last part of his imprisonment for campaigning against apartheid.

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<i>Goodbye Bafana</i> 2007 film by Bille August

Goodbye Bafana, or The Color of Freedom (US), is a 2007 drama film, directed by Bille August, about the relationship between Nelson Mandela and James Gregory, his censor officer and prison guard, based on Gregory's book Goodbye Bafana: Nelson Mandela, My Prisoner, My Friend. The film also explores the relationship of James Gregory and his wife as their life changes while Mandela is under Gregory's watch.

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There is a wide range of ways in which people have represented apartheid in popular culture. During (1948–1994) and following the apartheid era in South Africa, apartheid has been referenced in many books, films, and other forms of art and literature.

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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.

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Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom is a 2013 biographical film directed by Justin Chadwick from a script written by William Nicholson and starring Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. The film is based on the 1994 autobiographical book Long Walk to Freedom by anti-apartheid revolutionary and former South African President Nelson Mandela.

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<i>Dare Not Linger</i> 2017 book by Nelson Mandela and Mandla Langa

Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years is a book by Nelson Mandela and Mandla Langa describing Mandela's term as President of South Africa. It was published in 2017, four years after Mandela's death, and is based on an unfinished memoir that Mandela had worked on after his term as president, as well as archive material and interviews, and has a prologue by Graça Machel. The book's title comes from the closing sentence of Mandela's previous autobiography Long Walk to Freedom: "But I can only rest for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended."

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References

  1. Long walk to freedom : the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (first ed.). Philadelphia: Little, Brown. 7 February 1994. ISBN   978-0316545853. OCLC   31530423 . Retrieved 21 January 2017.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. "Penryn to build access road for a 'long walk to freedom'". Lowvelder. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  3. "11 of the best autobiographies you must read to expand your horizons". Lifestyle Asia Hong Kong. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  4. "CBSE Class 10 English MCQs for Chapter 2 - Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (Published by CBSE)". Jagranjosh.com. 19 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  5. Spencer, Clare. "The pitfalls of naming places after famous people". BBC News. 29 July 2011.
  6. "On Nelson Mandela International Day, recalling Mandela's life and legacy". TheLeaflet. 18 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  7. Trapido, Anna (16 July 2021). "HUNGER FOR FREEDOM: The Making of Mandela Day". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  8. Mandela: The Authorised Biography , p. 217.
  9. Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, p. 614.
  10. Staff (13 March 2009). "Mandela's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom to be adapted into film". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
  11. Jefferson, Lucette (22 February 2012). "Confirmed! Idris Elba set to play Nelson Mandela in Biopic". Huffington Post. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  12. "Nelson Mandela and Saths Cooper spent Christmas in prison together". UPI.com. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
  13. "The Times Obituary: Nelson Mandela". The Times. London: Times Newspapers Ltd. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  14. Naidoo, Prakash, "BOOKS: Mandla Langa completes Madiba’s work", Financial Mail, Business Live, 17 October 2017.
  15. "Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years". Pan MacMillan. 19 October 2017.
  16. Mandla Langa, "Book Extract: The Presidency and the Constitution, from Mandla Langa’s Dare Not Linger", Daily Maverick , 27 October 2017.

Further reading