The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a right-wing conservative Indian political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded on 15 May 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 19 Indian states and one Union territory.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer and politician,who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She was the second person to complete a 5-year term as the Minister of External Affairs,after Jawaharlal Nehru. A senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),Swaraj was the second woman to hold the office of Minister of External Affairs,after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977,she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.
Jual Oram is an Indian Politician who serving as Minister of Tribal Affairs since 2024. He also Member of the 17th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Sundargarh constituency of Odisha. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Virendra Kumar Khatik is an Indian politician serving as the 29th Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment since 2024. He is a Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Tikamgarh.
Gowdara Mallikarjunappa Siddeshwara is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Lok Sabha,the lower House of the Indian Parliament,representing Davangere of Karnataka since 2004. Siddeshwara served as the Union Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises and prior to that,as Minister of State for Civil Aviation,till he resigned from the Ministry after a few days of cabinet reshuffle in July 2016.
Sarbananda Sonowal is an Indian politician of Bharatiya Janata Party from Assam who serving as 9th Minister of Ports,Shipping and Waterways since 2024. He also the Member of the Rajya Sabha representing Assam since 2021 and also a member of the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs since 2021. He is the 14th Chief Minister of Assam from 2016 to 2021 and the former of Assam Legislative Assembly from Majuli from 2016 until he resigned in 2021 and from Moran constituency from 2001 to 2004. Sonowal earlier served as the Assam state unit President of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2012 to 2014 and again from 2015 to 2016. He has also served as the Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs,Government of India,from 2014 to 2016 and the Minister of State for Entrepreneurship and Skill Development from 2014 to 2014 and the member of the Lok Sabha from Lakhimpur from 2014 to 2016 and from Dibrugarh from 2004 to 2009. He was also the member of the Asom Gana Parishad from 2001 to 2011.
General elections were held in India on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the ninth Lok Sabha. The incumbent Indian National Congress (Indira) government under the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi lost its mandate,even though it was still the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. V. P. Singh,the leader of the second largest party Janata Dal was invited by the President of India to form the government. The government was formed with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Communist parties led by CPI(M). V. P. Singh was sworn in as the seventh Prime Minister of India on 2 December 1989.
Prahlad Singh Mulayam Singh Patel is an Indian politician. He is the former Minister of State for Food Processing Industries and Jal Shakti of India from 7 July 2021 till 3 December 2023. He is a Member of Parliament from Damoh Loksabha Constituency in Madhya Pradesh. He was minister of state for coal in Third Vajpayee Ministry. He was first elected to 9th Lok Sabha in 1989 and again re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha in 1996,13th Lok Sabha in 1999 from Balaghat,16th Lok Sabha in 2014 and 17th Lok Sabha in 2019 from Damoh. He was born in Narsinghpur and is an advocate by profession. He is a graduate of the Government Science College,Jabalpur.
Jitendra Singh is an Indian physician and politician who serving as 18th Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences since 2024. For Prime Minister's Office;Personnel,Public Grievances and Pensions;Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Space. He was elected to 18th Lok Sabha from Udhampur with the majority of 1,24,373 votes.
Giriraj Singh is an Indian politician who serving as the 21th Minister of Textiles since 2024. He is the Member of Parliament from the Begusarai Loksabha constituency in the 17th Lok Sabha. He has also formerly served as Minister of Cooperative,Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Resources Development in the Government of Bihar.
Janardhan Singh Sigriwal is an Indian politician of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a member of the 17th Lok Sabha representing Maharajganj. Earlier He won Bihar assembly elections in 2000,Feb-2005,October 2005 from Jalalpur. He represented Chapra seat since 2010 in Bihar assembly. He was also Minister of Labour Resources. He was a sports and youth minister in Nitish Kumar cabinet.
Mahendra Nath Pandey is an Indian politician who was Minister of Heavy Industries and Minister for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship of India and Member of Lok Sabha for Chandauli from 2014 to 2024. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party and was the president of the party's Uttar Pradesh unit. He has also served as Union Minister of State for Ministry of Human Resource Development between 2016 and 2017. He is a member of Modi's second ministry. On 30 May 2019,he was appointed as Cabinet minister for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship,Government of India.
The North-East Democratic Alliance is a political coalition that was formed on May 24,2016,by Bharatiya Janata Party. The motive of the new political front was to protect the interest of the people of the region as well as uniting non-Congress parties in Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma was appointed as the convenor of the front.
Elections in the Republic of India in 2018 included by-elections to the Lok Sabha,elections to the Rajya Sabha,elections to of eight states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies,councils and local bodies.
Annpurna Devi Yadav is an Indian politician who serving as 5th Minister of Women and Child Development since 2024. She is also a Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha from Kodarma,Jharkhand in which she won the 2019 Indian general election as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She is also one of the National Vice Presidents of BJP. Previously,she was elected to the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly,from Kodarma as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal.
Abbaiah Narayanaswamy is an Indian politician. He was Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment of India in the Second Modi ministry from 7 July 2021 to 11 June 2024. He is also a member of the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Chitradurga,Karnataka as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. It became a controversy when he was denied entry into village of Pemmanahalli Gollarahatti in Pavagada taluk of Tumakuru district in his own constituency as he belongs to Madiga community.
Nisith Pramanik is an Indian politician from West Bengal who has served as the Union Minister of State,Ministry of Home Affairs and Union Minister of State,Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports from 2021 to 2024 and a member of the Lok Sabha represented Cooch Behar,West Bengal from 2021 to 2024 as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 2021 until 2021 from Dinhata Assembly constituency. He was a member of the Trinamool Congress until 2019.
Subhas Sarkar is an Indian gynecologist and politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Bankura,West Bengal in the 2019 Indian general election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served the constituency from 2019 to 2024. He has already served as the Union Minister of State in the Ministry of Education (India) in the Second Modi ministry.
The Thirteenth Tripura Assembly was formed after 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election. Elections were held in 60 constituencies on 16 February 2023. Votes were counted on 2 March 2023.
