Sant'Agostino, Rome

Last updated
The Basilica of Saint Augustine of Hippo in Camp Martius
Latin: Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio
Italian: Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio
Sant Agostino Fassade.jpg
Façade from the Piazza di Sant’Agostino
Sant'Agostino, Rome
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°54′3″N12°28′27″E / 41.90083°N 12.47417°E / 41.90083; 12.47417
Location80 Via della Scrofa (parish office), Rome
Country Italy
Denomination Catholic
Religious institute Order of Saint Augustine
Website www.agostiniani.it
History
Status Minor basilica
Founder(s) Pope Boniface VIII
Guillaume d'Estouteville
Dedication Augustine of Hippo
Tryphon
Cult(s) presentSaint Augustine
Saint Monica
Madonna del Parto
Relics heldSaint Monica
Saint Tryphon
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s) Giacomo di Pietrasanta
Francesco Borromini
Baccio Pontelli
Luigi Vanvitelli
Carlo Murena
Style Roman renaissance
Administration
Diocese Diocese of Rome
Clergy
Cardinal protector Jean-Pierre Ricard
Priest in charge Felice Perrino

The Basilica of Saint Augustine in Camp Martius (Italian : Basilica di Sant'Agostino in Campo Marzio; Latin : Basilica Sancti Augustini in Campo Martio), commonly known as Basilica of Saint Augustine is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Rome. The titular church is dedicated to Saint Augustine of Hippo and serves as the motherhouse of the Augustinian Order.

Contents

First conceived in 1286, the current basilica (completed in 1483) is known for its Renaissance architecture style; housing artwork by Roman artisans Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, and Giovanni Francesco Barbieri. It is also the burial site of Saint Monica, the mother of Augustine.

Pope John Paul II raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via decree on 29 October 1999.

History

The former parish of Saint Tryphon in Posterula Church was built at this site in 700 A.D. and was originally dedicated to the martyr Saint Tryphon of Campsada. The Order of Saint Augustine was founded at the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome in 1244. The Augustinian friars soon desired to have their main monastery and church closer to Vatican City. [1] The Roman nobleman Egidio Lufredi donated land near here in Campo Marzio to the Augustinian friars in 1286. On 20 February 1287 Pope Honorius IV granted the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church to the Augustinian friars.

The first building structure was commissioned by Pope Boniface VIII, was built here by the Augustinian friars in 1296-1446 right next to the St. Tryphon in Posterula Church. The construction of the second (current) basilica began in 1479. It was commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV; designed by architect Baccio Pontelli (who also designed the Sistine Chapel); and funded by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville. [2] Its construction was completed in 1483. Giacomo di Pietrasanta (?-1495) built its façade by using travertine salvaged from the ruins of the Colosseum. Its façade reads the following:

Guillermus de Estoutevilla, Episcopus Ostiensis, Cardinalis Rothomagensis, Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ, Camerarius, Fecit MCCCCLXXXIII


English: William of Stateville, the Bishop of Ostia, Cardinal of Rouen of the Holy Roman Church, Camerlengo, built this in the Year 1483.

Its first restoration was completed in 1763 by Luigi Vanvitelli; [3] its second restoration was completed in 1870; and its most recent restoration occurred in 1998–2000.

The title of Sant'Agostino has been held by Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard since 2006. It is the station church of the first Saturday in Lent.

Catholic Mass

Internal Nave and High Altar. Sant'Agostino (Rome) - Interior HDR.jpg
Internal Nave and High Altar.

The basilica is open to the general public with some restrictions:

Artwork

The 1606 painting Madonna of Loreto (also known as the Madonna of the Pilgrims) by Caravaggio is located in the first chapel on the left. [4] The heirs of Ermete Cavalletti (?-1602) bought the Pieta Chapel on 4 September 1603 and soon commissioned Caravaggio to paint the Madonna for their family's chapel. It was hung in 1606 at the altar in the Cavalletti Chapel (former Pieta Chapel) in place of a Pieta that was sold to Pope Paul V (formerly Cardinal Camillo Borghese).

The 1512 fresco Prophet Isaiah by Raphael is located on the third pilaster of the left nave. [5] It was part of the funerary monument of Johannes Goritz (1455-1527; also known as Janus Corycius). Isaiah holds a Hebrew scroll stating: "Open the doors, so that the people who believe may enter." (Isaiah 26:2–3) The statue Saint Anne and Virgin with Child (1512) by Andrea Sansovino is located below Raphael's Isaiah.

The 1521 sculpture Madonna del Parto (Our Lady of Childbirth) by Jacopo Sansovino is based, according to a legend, on an ancient statue of Agrippina holding Nero in her arms, is reputed by tradition to work miracles in childbirth. It is located in a niche to the right of the entrance and is surrounded by thank-offerings of flowers and candles.

The 1588 frescoes of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist by Avanzino Nucci are also here.

The 1616 ceiling fresco Assumption of Mary and three paintings by Giovanni Lanfranco are located in the Buongiovanni Chapel (in the left transept).

The 1600s painting Saints Augustine, John the Evangelist and Jerome by Guercino is also here.

The sculpture St. Thomas of Villanova Distributing Alms by Melchiorre Cafà and completed by his mentor Ercole Ferrata is located in the St. Thomas of Villanova Chapel (left end of transept). The etching Charity of St Thomas of Villanova by Cafà himself illustrates this same sculpture. [6]

The 1628 High Altar was designed by Orazio Turriani. It was previously (but erroneously) thought that Gian Lorenzo Bernini had designed it.

Its nave ceiling fresco was completed in 1868 by Pietro Gagliardi; who also made the 5 prophet pillar frescoes (including Ezekiel), 6 Old Testament women & 12 scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary.

Tombs

St. Tryphon of Campsada died in AD 250 and is located under the High Altar.

Saint Monica died in 387. Her tomb was transferred here from the Santa Aurea Church in Ostia Antica, Italy on 11 April 1424. Her sarcophagus was designed by Isaia da Pisa (1410-1464) in 1455, and is now located in the Chapel of Saint Monica (left of the apse).

Norways's Archbishop Olav Trondsson died on 25 November 1474. His tombstone reads: "CVI DEDERAT SACRAM MERITO NORVEGIA SEDEM HIC TEGIT OLAVI FRIGIDVS OSSA LAPIS" (Here a cold stone covers the bones of Olav, to whom Norway rightly gave the holy chair). [7]

Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville died on 22 January 1483.

Cardinal Giuseppe Renato Imperiali died on 18 February 1737. Pietro Bracci designed and sculpted his polychrome tomb in 1741. [8]

The inscriptions found in the basilica have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella. [9]

List of Cardinal—Protectors

Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) established the titular church of a cardinal priest in April 1587.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benozzo Gozzoli</span> Italian painter (c. 1421–1497)

Benozzo Gozzoli was an Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. A pupil of Fra Angelico, Gozzoli is best known for a series of murals in the Magi Chapel of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, depicting festive, vibrant processions with fine attention to detail and a pronounced International Gothic influence. The chapel's fresco cycle reveals a new Renaissance interest in nature with its realistic depiction of landscapes and vivid human portraits. Gozzoli is considered one of the most prolific fresco painters of his generation. While he was mainly active in Tuscany, he also worked in Umbria and Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sant'Andrea della Valle</span> Roman Catholic basilica, a landmark of Rome, Italy

Sant'Andrea della Valle is a minor basilica in the rione of Sant'Eustachio of the city of Rome, Italy. The basilica is the general seat for the religious order of the Theatines. It is located at Piazza Vidoni, at the intersection of Corso Vittorio Emanuele and Corso Rinascimento.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</span> Catholic church of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual in Assisi

The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Order of Friars Minor Conventual in Assisi, a town in the Umbria region in central Italy, where Saint Francis was born and died. It is a papal minor basilica and one of the most important places of Christian pilgrimage in Italy. With its accompanying friary, Sacro Convento, the basilica is a distinctive landmark to those approaching Assisi. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Maria del Popolo</span> Church in Rome, Italy

The Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo is a titular church and a minor basilica in Rome run by the Augustinian order. It stands on the north side of Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares in the city. The church is hemmed in between the Pincian Hill and Porta del Popolo, one of the gates in the Aurelian Wall as well as the starting point of Via Flaminia, the most important route from the north. Its location made the basilica the first church for the majority of travellers entering the city. The church contains works by several famous artists, such as Raphael, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio, Alessandro Algardi, Pinturicchio, Andrea Bregno, Guillaume de Marcillat and Donato Bramante.

<i>Madonna di Loreto</i> (Caravaggio) Painting by Caravaggio

The Madonna of Loreto or Pilgrim's Madonna is a painting (1604–1606) by the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio, located in the Cavalletti Chapel of the church of Sant'Agostino, just northeast of the Piazza Navona in Rome. It depicts the barefoot Virgin holding her naked child in a doorway before two kneeling peasants on a pilgrimage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Marcello al Corso</span> Church in Rome, Italy

San Marcello al Corso, a church in Rome, Italy, is a cardinalitial titular church whose cardinal-protector is normally of the order of cardinal priests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerasi Chapel</span> Side chapel of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome

The Cerasi Chapel or Chapel of the Assumption is one of the side chapels in the left transept of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. It contains significant paintings by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio and Annibale Carracci, two of the most important masters of Italian Baroque art, dating from 1600 to 1601.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Lorenzo in Damaso</span> Roman Catholic basilica, a landmark of Rome, Italy

The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence in Damaso or simply San Lorenzo in Damaso is a parish and titular church in central Rome, Italy that is dedicated to St. Lawrence, deacon and martyr. It is incorporated into the Palazzo della Cancelleria, which enjoys the extraterritoriality of the Holy See.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sant'Andrea delle Fratte</span> Roman Catholic basilica, a landmark of Rome, Italy

Sant'Andrea delle Fratte is a 17th-century basilica church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to St. Andrew. The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Andreae Apostoli de Hortis is Ennio Antonelli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Our Lady of Good Counsel</span> Miraculous painting

Our Lady of Good Counsel is a title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary, after a painting said to be miraculous, now found in the thirteenth century Augustinian church at Genazzano, near Rome, Italy. Measuring 40 to 45 centimetres the image is a fresco executed on a thin layer of plaster no thicker than an egg shell. Over the centuries, devotions to Our Lady of the Good Counsel grew among saints and Popes, to the extent that a reference to it was added to the Litany of Loreto and the devotion spread throughout the world. Her feast day is 26 April.

<i>San Silvestro al Quirinale</i> Church in Rome, Italy

San Silvestro al Quirinale is a historic church in central Rome, Italy. It is located near Via XXIV Maggio corner with Via Mazzarino, a few blocks south of the Piazza del Quirinale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Nicola da Tolentino agli Orti Sallustiani</span> Church in Rome, Italy

San Nicola da Tolentino agli Orti Sallustiani is a church in Rome. It is referred to in both Melchiori's and Venuti's guides as San Niccolò di Tolentino, and in the latter it adds the suffix a Capo le Case. It is one of the two Roman national churches of Armenia. The church was built for the Discalced Augustinians in 1599, and originally dedicated to the 13th century Augustinian friar Saint Nicholas of Tolentino.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino</span> Church in Tolentino, Marche, Italy

The Basilica of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica that is part of the Augustinian monastery in the hill-town of Tolentino, province of Macerata, Marche, central Italy. The church is a former cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tolentino, suppressed in 1586.

<i>The Prophet Isaiah</i> (Raphael) Fresco by Raphael

The Prophet Isaiah is a fresco located in Basilica di Sant'Agostino, an early Renaissance church in Rome. It is an Italian Renaissance painting, influenced by Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Lucia in Selci</span> Ancient Roman Catholic church in Rome, Italy

The Church of Saint Lucy in Selci is an ancient Roman Catholic church, located in Rome, dedicated to Saint Lucy, a 4th-century virgin and martyr.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacopo Zoboli</span> Italian painter

Jacopo Zoboli was an Italian painter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Aurea</span>

The Basilica of Santa Aurea is a church situated in the Ostia Antica district of Ostia, Italy. Ostia became an episcopal see as early as the 3rd century AD. The present-day church, completed in 1483, is the cathedral of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santi Apostoli, Rome</span> Roman Catholic basilica, a landmark of Rome, Italy


Santi Dodici Apostoli, commonly known simply as Santi Apostoli, is a 6th-century Roman Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated originally to St. James and St. Philip, whose remains are kept here, and later to all Apostles. Today, the basilica is under the care of the Conventual Franciscans, whose headquarters in Rome is in the adjacent building. It is the Station church for Friday, the first week of Lent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basso della Rovere Chapel (Santa Maria del Popolo)</span> Chapel with frescoes by Pinturicchio and his workshop

The Basso Della Rovere or Saint Augustine Chapel is located in the south aisle of the basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. This is the third side chapel from the counterfaçade and was dedicated to St. Augustine. The cycle of beautiful quattrocento frescoes was executed by Pinturicchio and his workshop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Trifone in Posterula</span>

San Trifone in Posterula was an ancient titular church of Rome, now lost. It was located at the corner of Via dei Portoghesi and Via della Scrofa, in the Campo Marzio rione of the city.

References

  1. "Rome - Sant'Agostino Church". Augnet. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  2. S. Miranda, list of Cardinal Chamberlains of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved: 2016-03-21.
  3. New Guide of Rome, Naples and Their Environs, By Mariano Vasi and Antonio Nibby, page 105.
  4. John Varriano, Caravaggio: The Art of Realism (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2010), pp. 44-46. John T. Spike, Caravaggio: Catalogue of Paintings (New York-London: Abbeville Press, 2010), pp. 148-150.
  5. Restored by Daniele da Volterra, as quoted in A Handbook of Rome (1871), page 128.
  6. "Charity of St Thomas of Villanova". Europeana. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  7. Fjellbu, A., et al. (eds.) (1955). Nidaros erkebispestol og bispesete 1153 - 1953. Oslo, Land og kirke. Forcella, p. 15, no. 31.
  8. Forcella, p. 103, no. 307.
  9. V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chiese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume V (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1875), pp. 1-112. [in Italian and Latin]

Bibliography

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Sant'Agostino (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Sant'Agnese fuori le mura
Landmarks of Rome
Sant'Agostino
Succeeded by
Sant'Anastasia al Palatino

41°54′03″N12°28′27″E / 41.90083°N 12.47417°E / 41.90083; 12.47417