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ASCII, an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of technical limitations of computer systems at the time it was invented, ASCII has just 128 code points, of which only 95 are printable characters, which severely limited its scope. Modern computer systems have evolved to use Unicode, which has millions of code points, but the first 128 of these are the same as the ASCII set.
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. The numerical values that make up a character encoding are known as "code points" and collectively comprise a "code space", a "code page", or a "character map".
Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form, since to do so would require writing out an inconveniently long string of digits. It may be referred to as scientific form or standard index form, or standard form in the United Kingdom. This base ten notation is commonly used by scientists, mathematicians, and engineers, in part because it can simplify certain arithmetic operations. On scientific calculators, it is usually known as "SCI" display mode.
The Multinational Character Set is a character encoding created in 1983 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for use in the popular VT220 terminal. It was an 8-bit extension of ASCII that added accented characters, currency symbols, and other character glyphs missing from 7-bit ASCII. It is only one of the code pages implemented for the VT220 National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). MCS is registered as IBM code page/CCSID 1100 since 1992. Depending on associated sorting Oracle calls it WE8DEC, N8DEC, DK8DEC, S8DEC, or SF8DEC.
The ATASCII character set, from ATARI Standard Code for Information Interchange, alternatively ATARI ASCII, is a character encoding used in the Atari 8-bit home computers. ATASCII is based on ASCII, but is not fully compatible with it.
The Sharp PC-1500 was a pocket computer produced by Sharp between 1981 and 1985. A rebadged version was also sold as the TRS-80 Pocket Computer PC-2.
Code page 437 is the character set of the original IBM PC. It is also known as CP437, OEM-US, OEM 437, PC-8, or DOS Latin US. The set includes all printable ASCII characters as well as some accented letters (diacritics), Greek letters, icons, and line-drawing symbols. It is sometimes referred to as the "OEM font" or "high ASCII", or as "extended ASCII".
The Sharp PC-E500S was a 1995 pocket computer by Sharp Corporation and was the successor to the 1989 PC-E500 model, featuring a 2.304 MHz CMOS CPU.
The National Replacement Character Set (NRCS) was a feature supported by later models of Digital's (DEC) computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983. NRCS allowed individual characters from one character set to be replaced by one from another set, allowing the construction of different character sets on the fly. It was used to customize the character set to different local languages, without having to change the terminal's ROM for different countries, or alternately, include many different sets in a larger ROM. Many 3rd party terminals and terminal emulators supporting VT200 codes also supported NRCS.
The Sharp PC-1600 was a pocket computer introduced by Sharp in 1986 as a successor to the PC-1500. The PC-1600 provided compatibility with its predecessor through the use of a slave CPU that could run assembly language programs targeting the older machine. It could also switch into a compatibility mode so that programs written for the single line display of the PC-1500 could work with the four line display of the PC-1600.
Extended ASCII is a repertoire of character encodings that include the original 96 ASCII character set, plus up to 128 additional characters. There is no formal definition of "extended ASCII", and even use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had updated its ANSI X3.4-1986 standard to include more characters, or that the term identifies a single unambiguous encoding, neither of which is the case.
The Lotus International Character Set (LICS) is a proprietary single-byte character encoding introduced in 1985 by Lotus Development Corporation. It is based on the 1983 DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS) for VT220 terminals. As such, LICS is also similar to two other descendants of MCS, the ECMA-94 character set of 1985 and the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set of 1987.
Code page 1103, also known as CP1103, or SF7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Finnish variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). The 7-bit character set was introduced for DEC's computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983, but is also used by IBM for their DEC emulation. Similar but not identical to the series of ISO 646 character sets, the character set is a close derivation from ASCII with only nine code points differing.
Code page 1106, also known as CP1106 or S7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Swedish variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). The 7-bit character set was introduced for DEC's computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983, but is also used by IBM for their DEC emulation. Similar but not identical to the series of ISO 646 character sets, the character set is a close derivation from ASCII with only ten code points differing.
Code page 1104, also known as CP1104, F7DEC, ISO-IR-025 or NF Z 62-010 (1973) is an IBM code page number assigned to the French variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). The 7-bit character set was introduced for DEC's computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983, but it is also used by IBM for their DEC emulation.
Code page 1021, also known as CP1021 or CH7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Swiss variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). The 7-bit character set was introduced for DEC's computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983, but is also used by IBM for their DEC emulation. Similar but not identical to the series of ISO 646 character sets, the character set is a close derivation from ASCII with only twelve code points differing.
Code page 1023, also known as CP1023 or E7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Spanish variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS). The 7-bit character set was introduced for DEC's computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983, but is also used by IBM for their DEC emulation. Similar but not identical to the series of ISO 646 character sets, the character set is a close derivation from ASCII with only eight code points differing.
BraSCII is an encoded repertoire of characters that was used in Brazil. It was used in the 1980s on several printers, in applications like Carta Certa, in video boards and it was the standard character set in the Brazilian line of MSX computers. This code page is known by Star printers as Code page 3847.
DEC Special Graphics is a 7-bit character set developed by Digital Equipment Corporation. This was used very often to draw boxes on the VT100 video terminal and the many emulators, and used by bulletin board software. The designation escape sequence ESC ( 0 switched the codes for lower-case ASCII letters to draw this set, and the sequence ESC ( B switched back. IBM calls it Code page 1090.
Sharp MZ character sets are character sets made by Sharp Corporation for Sharp MZ computers. The European and Japanese versions of the software use different character sets.
References
- 1 2 "Anhang B: ASCII-Code Tabelle" [Appendix B: ASCII code table]. SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1403 Bedienungsanleitung [SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1403 Operation Manual](PDF) (in German). Hamburg, Germany: Sharp Electronics / Sharp Corporation. 1986. pp. 201–202. 8D11.5T(TINSG1067ECZZ)4.
- 1 2 "Anhang B: Zeichencode Tabelle" [Appendix B: Character code table]. SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1475 Bedienungsanleitung [SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1475 Operation Manual](PDF) (in German). Sharp Corporation. 1987. pp. 366–367. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sharp PC-1261 Pocket Computer - A Wider-perspective Pocket Computer with 24-digit Dual Line Display, Enlarged Memory, and Built-in Instant Software (PDF), Sharp Electronics Corporation, 1984, 4Y15E, archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-02, retrieved 2017-03-02
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Germann, Stephan; Jörg, Matthias; Waldvogel, Daniel. Das große Pocket-Computer Buch - Sharp PC-1260, PC-1261, PC-1401, PC-1402, PC-1421, PC-1350[The huge pocket computer book - Sharp PC-1260, PC-1261, PC-1401, PC-1402, PC-1421, PC-1350] (in German). Data Becker. p. 39-42, 412.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sharp Taschencomputer Modell PC-1421 Bedienungsanleitung [Sharp Pocket Computer PC-1421 Instruction Manual](PDF) (in German). Osaka, Japan: Sharp Corporation. 1984. 4K3T(TINSG4280C...). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- ↑ Flores, Christof (April 1986). "Sharp PC-12xx und PC-140x mit Drucker CE-126P - Sonderzeichen aufs Papier" [Sharp PC-12xx and PC-140x with printer CE-126P - Special characters onto paper]. CHIP (in German): 186.
- ↑ "Appendix B: ASCII Character Code Chart; Reference 3: Printout of special characters". Sharp Pocket Computer Model PC-1251 Instruction Manual (PDF). Osaka, Japan: Sharp Corporation. 1983. pp. 156–157, 221–225. 3F4.3T(TINSE3732CCZZ). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- 1 2 "Anhang A: ASCII-Code Tabelle" [Appendix A: Character code table]. SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1500A Bedienungsanleitung [SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1500A Operation Manual](PDF) (in German). pp. 148–149. 4LQ.3T(TINSG3993CCZZ)5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
- ↑ "Teil 5, Anhang C: Tabellen der Zeichen-Codes" [Part 5, Appendix C: Tables of character codes]. SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1600 Bedienungsanleitung [SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1600 Operation Manual](PDF) (in German). Osaka, Japan: Sharp Corporation. pp. A-4–A-5. TINSG1031ECZZ. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ↑ "Sharp PC-E220 character set". Archived from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
- 1 2 "Part 5 Appendices, B Character code chart". SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500 Operation Manual. Sharp Corporation. 1989. pp. 342–343. 9G1KS(TINSE1189ECZZ).
- 1 2 "Anhang B: Tabelle der Zeichencodes" [Appendix B: Character code table]. SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-E500S Bedienungsanleitung [SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500S Operation Manual](PDF) (in German). Sharp Corporation. 1995. pp. 328–329. 6J3KS(TINSG1223ECZZ). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
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