Uniform honeycomb

Last updated

In geometry, a uniform honeycomb or uniform tessellation or infinite uniform polytope, is a vertex-transitive honeycomb made from uniform polytope facets. All of its vertices are identical and there is the same combination and arrangement of faces at each vertex. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for an n-dimensional honeycomb.

Contents

An n-dimensional uniform honeycomb can be constructed on the surface of n-spheres, in n-dimensional Euclidean space, and n-dimensional hyperbolic space. A 2-dimensional uniform honeycomb is more often called a uniform tiling or uniform tessellation.

Nearly all uniform tessellations can be generated by a Wythoff construction, and represented by a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram. The terminology for the convex uniform polytopes used in uniform polyhedron, uniform 4-polytope, uniform 5-polytope, uniform 6-polytope, uniform tiling, and convex uniform honeycomb articles were coined by Norman Johnson.

Wythoffian tessellations can be defined by a vertex figure. For 2-dimensional tilings, they can be given by a vertex configuration listing the sequence of faces around every vertex. For example, 4.4.4.4 represents a regular tessellation, a square tiling, with 4 squares around each vertex. In general an n-dimensional uniform tessellation vertex figures are define by an (n–1)-polytope with edges labeled with integers, representing the number of sides of the polygonal face at each edge radiating from the vertex.

Examples of uniform honeycombs

2-dimensional tessellations
 SphericalEuclideanHyperbolic
 
Coxeter diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 7.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel infin.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node 1.png
Picture Uniform tiling 532-t012.png
Truncated icosidodecahedron
Uniform polyhedron-63-t012.png
Truncated trihexagonal tiling
Truncated triheptagonal tiling.svg
Truncated triheptagonal tiling
(Poincaré disk model)
H2 tiling 23i-7.png
Truncated triapeirogonal tiling
Vertex figure Great rhombicosidodecahedron vertfig.png Great rhombitrihexagonal tiling vertfig.png Great rhombitriheptagonal tiling vertfig.png
3-dimensional honeycombs
 3-spherical3-Euclidean3-hyperbolic
 and paracompact uniform honeycomb
Coxeter diagram CDel node 1.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 5.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.pngCDel node 1.pngCDel 6.pngCDel node.pngCDel 3.pngCDel node.pngCDel 4.pngCDel node.png
Picture Stereographic polytope 16cell colour.png
(Stereographic projection)
16-cell
Cubic honeycomb.png
cubic honeycomb
Hyperbolic orthogonal dodecahedral honeycomb.png
order-4 dodecahedral honeycomb
(Beltrami–Klein model)
Hyperbolic 3d order 4 hexagonal tiling.png
order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb
(Poincaré disk model)
Vertex figure 16-cell verf.svg
(Octahedron)
Cubic honeycomb verf.svg
(Octahedron)
Order-4 dodecahedral honeycomb verf.png
(Octahedron)
Order-4 hexagonal tiling honeycomb verf.png
(Octahedron)

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convex uniform honeycomb</span> Spatial tiling of convex uniform polyhedra

In geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex uniform polyhedral cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cubic honeycomb</span> Only regular space-filling tessellation of the cube

The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space made up of cubic cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its vertex figure is a regular octahedron. It is a self-dual tessellation with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. John Horton Conway called this honeycomb a cubille.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb</span> Quasiregular space-filling tesselation

The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb, alternated cubic honeycomb is a quasiregular space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of alternating regular octahedra and tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bitruncated cubic honeycomb</span>

The bitruncated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space made up of truncated octahedra. It has 4 truncated octahedra around each vertex. Being composed entirely of truncated octahedra, it is cell-transitive. It is also edge-transitive, with 2 hexagons and one square on each edge, and vertex-transitive. It is one of 28 uniform honeycombs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order-4 dodecahedral honeycomb</span> Regular tiling of hyperbolic 3-space

In hyperbolic geometry, the order-4 dodecahedral honeycomb is one of four compact regular space-filling tessellations of hyperbolic 3-space. With Schläfli symbol {5,3,4}, it has four dodecahedra around each edge, and 8 dodecahedra around each vertex in an octahedral arrangement. Its vertices are constructed from 3 orthogonal axes. Its dual is the order-5 cubic honeycomb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quarter cubic honeycomb</span>

The quarter cubic honeycomb, quarter cubic cellulation or bitruncated alternated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of tetrahedra and truncated tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:1. It is called "quarter-cubic" because its symmetry unit – the minimal block from which the pattern is developed by reflections – is four times that of the cubic honeycomb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triangular prismatic honeycomb</span>

The triangular prismatic honeycomb or triangular prismatic cellulation is a space-filling tessellation in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed entirely of triangular prisms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tesseractic honeycomb</span>

In four-dimensional euclidean geometry, the tesseractic honeycomb is one of the three regular space-filling tessellations, represented by Schläfli symbol {4,3,3,4}, and constructed by a 4-dimensional packing of tesseract facets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">16-cell honeycomb</span>

In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 16-cell honeycomb is one of the three regular space-filling tessellations, represented by Schläfli symbol {3,3,4,3}, and constructed by a 4-dimensional packing of 16-cell facets, three around every face.

In geometry, a uniform tiling is a tessellation of the plane by regular polygon faces with the restriction of being vertex-transitive.

In geometry an omnitruncated simplectic honeycomb or omnitruncated n-simplex honeycomb is an n-dimensional uniform tessellation, based on the symmetry of the affine Coxeter group. Each is composed of omnitruncated simplex facets. The vertex figure for each is an irregular n-simplex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Architectonic and catoptric tessellation</span> Uniform Euclidean 3D tessellations and their duals

In geometry, John Horton Conway defines architectonic and catoptric tessellations as the uniform tessellations of Euclidean 3-space with prime space groups and their duals, as three-dimensional analogue of the Platonic, Archimedean, and Catalan tiling of the plane. The singular vertex figure of an architectonic tessellation is the dual of the cell of the corresponding catoptric tessellation, and vice versa. The cubille is the only Platonic (regular) tessellation of 3-space, and is self-dual. There are other uniform honeycombs constructed as gyrations or prismatic stacks which are excluded from these categories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order-6 dodecahedral honeycomb</span> Regular geometrical object in hyperbolic space

The order-6 dodecahedral honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular honeycombs in hyperbolic 3-space. It is paracompact because it has vertex figures composed of an infinite number of faces, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. It has Schläfli symbol {5,3,6}, with six ideal dodecahedral cells surrounding each edge of the honeycomb. Each vertex is ideal, and surrounded by infinitely many dodecahedra. The honeycomb has a triangular tiling vertex figure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triangular tiling honeycomb</span>

The triangular tiling honeycomb is one of 11 paracompact regular space-filling tessellations in hyperbolic 3-space. It is called paracompact because it has infinite cells and vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. It has Schläfli symbol {3,6,3}, being composed of triangular tiling cells. Each edge of the honeycomb is surrounded by three cells, and each vertex is ideal with infinitely many cells meeting there. Its vertex figure is a hexagonal tiling.

In three-dimensional hyperbolic geometry, the alternated hexagonal tiling honeycomb, h{6,3,3}, or , is a semiregular tessellation with tetrahedron and triangular tiling cells arranged in an octahedron vertex figure. It is named after its construction, as an alteration of a hexagonal tiling honeycomb.

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the tetrahedral-icosahedral honeycomb is a compact uniform honeycomb, constructed from icosahedron, tetrahedron, and octahedron cells, in an icosidodecahedron vertex figure. It has a single-ring Coxeter diagram , and is named by its two regular cells.

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the tetrahedral-triangular tiling honeycomb is a paracompact uniform honeycomb, constructed from triangular tiling, tetrahedron, and octahedron cells, in an icosidodecahedron vertex figure. It has a single-ring Coxeter diagram, , and is named by its two regular cells.

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the cubic-square tiling honeycomb is a paracompact uniform honeycomb, constructed from cube and square tiling cells, in a rhombicuboctahedron vertex figure. It has a single-ring Coxeter diagram, , and is named by its two regular cells.

References