Since Connecticut became a U.S. state in 1788, [1] it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 1st United States Congress in 1789. [2] Each state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Connecticut General Assembly. [3] Each state elects varying numbers of members of the House, depending on population, to two-year terms. [4] Connecticut has sent five members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 2000 United States Census. [5]
A total of 292 unique individuals have represented Connecticut in Congress; Connecticut has had 57 senators and 259 representatives, and 24 have served in both the House and the Senate. Nine women from Connecticut have served in the House, the first being Clare Booth Luce, [6] while none have served in the Senate. [7] Two African-Americans from Connecticut, Gary Franks and Jahana Hayes, have served in the House. [8]
The current dean, or longest serving member, of the Connecticut delegation is Representative Rosa DeLauro of the 3rd district , who has served in the House since 1991. She is the longest-serving House member in Connecticut history, and the second longest-serving member of Congress from Connecticut, behind Chris Dodd, who served 36 years combined in the House and Senate. [9] Dodd is also Connecticut's longest-serving senator. [10]
Connecticut
| Class I senator | Class III senator | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Chris Murphy (Junior senator) | Richard Blumenthal (Senior senator) | |||
Party | Democratic | Democratic | ||
Incumbent since | January 3, 2013 | January 3, 2011 |
Connecticut's current congressional delegation in the 118th Congress consists of its two senators and its five representatives, all of whom are Democrats. [12] Connecticut has not had a Republican member of Congress for more than a decade, [13] since Republican representative Chris Shays lost his race against Democrat Jim Himes in the state's 4th congressional district in 2008. [14]
The current dean, or longest serving member, of the Connecticut delegation is Representative Rosa DeLauro of the 3rd district , who has served in the House since 1991. She is the longest-serving House member in Connecticut history, and the second longest-serving member of Congress from Connecticut, behind Chris Dodd, who served 36 years in total. [9]
As of August 2023, the Cook Partisan Voting Index, a determination of how strongly partisan a state is, [15] ranked all districts and senate races in Connecticut as solidly Democratic, except for the 5th House district, currently represented by Jahana Hayes, which was ranked as leaning Republican. [14]
District | Member (Residence) [16] | Party | Incumbent since | CPVI (2022) [17] | District map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | John B. Larson (East Hartford) | Democratic | January 3, 1999 | D+12 | |
2nd | Joe Courtney (Vernon) | Democratic | January 3, 2007 | D+3 | |
3rd | Rosa DeLauro (New Haven) | Democratic | January 3, 1991 | D+7 | |
4th | Jim Himes (Cos Cob) | Democratic | January 3, 2009 | D+13 | |
5th | Jahana Hayes (Wolcott) | Democratic | January 3, 2019 | D+3 |
Senators Oliver Ellsworth, William S. Johnson, and Roger Sherman were Founding Fathers. [18] Ellsworth helped write the Judiciary Act of 1789, and later served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. [19] Uriah Tracy served as president pro tempore of the Senate from May 1800 to November 1800, James Hillhouse served as president pro tempore from February 1801 to December 1801, Lafayette Sabine Foster served as president pro tempore from March 1865 to March 1867, and Frank Brandegee served as president pro tempore from May 1912 to March 1913. [20] Senator Orville Platt, along with Nelson Aldrich, William Allison, and John Coit Spooner, formed "The Senate Four", a group of powerful legislators who controlled much of the Senate's operations. [21] Platt also helped draft the Platt Amendment. [22] Senator Joseph Lieberman was the Democratic nominee for vice president in 2000. [23] [24]
Senators are elected every six years depending on their class, with each senator serving a six-year term, and elections for senators occurring every two years, rotating through each class such that each election, around one-third of the seats in the Senate are up for election. [25] Connecticut's senators are elected in classes I and III. [26] Currently, Connecticut is represented in the Senate by Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy. [27]
Connecticut for Lieberman (CfL) Democratic (D) Democratic-Republican (DR) Federalist (F) Free Soil (FS) Jacksonian (J) Liberal Republican (LR) National Republican (NR) Opposition (O) Pro-Administration (PA) Republican (R) Whig (W)
Class I senator | Congress | Class III senator | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Oliver Ellsworth (PA) | 1st (1789–1791) | William Samuel Johnson (PA) [lower-alpha 1] | ||
2nd (1791–1793) | ||||
Roger Sherman (PA) [lower-alpha 2] | ||||
3rd (1793–1795) | ||||
Stephen Mix Mitchell (PA) | ||||
Oliver Ellsworth (F) [lower-alpha 3] | 4th (1795–1797) | Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (F) [lower-alpha 4] | ||
James Hillhouse (F) [lower-alpha 5] | Uriah Tracy (F) [lower-alpha 6] | |||
5th (1797–1799) | ||||
6th (1799–1801) | ||||
7th (1801–1803) | ||||
8th (1803–1805) | ||||
9th (1805–1807) | ||||
10th (1807–1809) | ||||
Chauncey Goodrich (F) [lower-alpha 7] | ||||
11th (1809–1811) | ||||
Samuel W. Dana (F) | ||||
12th (1811–1813) | ||||
13th (1813–1815) | ||||
David Daggett (F) | ||||
14th (1815–1817) | ||||
15th (1817–1819) | ||||
16th (1819–1821) | James Lanman (DR) | |||
Elijah Boardman (DR) [lower-alpha 8] | 17th (1821–1823) | |||
18th (1823–1825) | ||||
Henry W. Edwards (DR) | ||||
Henry W. Edwards (J) | 19th (1825–1827) | Calvin Willey (NR) | ||
Samuel A. Foot (NR) | 20th (1827–1829) | |||
21st (1829–1831) | ||||
22nd (1831–1833) | Gideon Tomlinson (NR) | |||
Nathan Smith (NR) [lower-alpha 9] | 23rd (1833–1835) | |||
24th (1835–1837) | ||||
John Milton Niles (J) | ||||
John Milton Niles (D) | 25th (1837–1839) | Perry Smith (D) | ||
Thaddeus Betts (W) [lower-alpha 10] | 26th (1839–1841) | |||
Jabez W. Huntington (W) [lower-alpha 11] | ||||
27th (1841–1843) | ||||
28th (1843–1845) | John Milton Niles (D) | |||
29th (1845–1847) | ||||
30th (1847–1849) | ||||
Roger Sherman Baldwin (W) | ||||
31st (1849–1851) | Truman Smith (W) [lower-alpha 12] | |||
Isaac Toucey (D) | 32nd (1851–1853) | |||
33rd (1853–1855) | ||||
Francis Gillette (FS) | ||||
34th (1855–1857) | Lafayette S. Foster (O) | |||
James Dixon (R) | 35th (1857–1859) | |||
36th (1859–1861) | ||||
37th (1861–1863) | Lafayette S. Foster (R) | |||
38th (1863–1865) | ||||
39th (1865–1867) | ||||
40th (1867–1869) | Orris S. Ferry (R) | |||
William A. Buckingham (R) [lower-alpha 13] | 41st (1869–1871) | |||
42nd (1871–1873) | ||||
43rd (1873–1875) | Orris S. Ferry (LR) | |||
William W. Eaton (D) | ||||
44th (1875–1877) | Orris S. Ferry (R) | |||
James E. English (D) | ||||
William Barnum (D) | ||||
45th (1877–1879) | ||||
46th (1879–1881) | Orville H. Platt (R) [lower-alpha 14] | |||
Joseph R. Hawley (R) | 47th (1881–1883) | |||
48th (1883–1885) | ||||
49th (1885–1887) | ||||
50th (1887–1889) | ||||
51st (1889–1891) | ||||
52nd (1891–1893) | ||||
53rd (1893–1895) | ||||
54th (1895–1897) | ||||
55th (1897–1899) | ||||
56th (1899–1901) | ||||
57th (1901–1903) | ||||
58th (1903–1905) | ||||
Morgan Bulkeley (R) | 59th (1905–1907) | Frank B. Brandegee (R) [lower-alpha 15] | ||
60th (1907–1909) | ||||
61st (1909–1911) | ||||
George P. McLean (R) | 62nd (1911–1913) | |||
63rd (1913–1915) | ||||
64th (1915–1917) | ||||
65th (1917–1919) | ||||
66th (1919–1921) | ||||
67th (1921–1923) | ||||
68th (1923–1925) | ||||
Hiram Bingham III (R) | ||||
69th (1925–1927) | ||||
70th (1927–1929) | ||||
Frederic C. Walcott (R) | 71st (1929–1931) | |||
72nd (1931–1933) | ||||
73rd (1933–1935) | Augustine Lonergan (D) | |||
Francis T. Maloney (D) [lower-alpha 16] | 74th (1935–1937) | |||
75th (1937–1939) | ||||
76th (1939–1941) | John A. Danaher (R) | |||
77th (1941–1943) | ||||
78th (1943–1945) | ||||
79th (1945–1947) | Brien McMahon (D) [lower-alpha 17] | |||
Thomas C. Hart (R) | ||||
Raymond E. Baldwin (R) [lower-alpha 18] | ||||
80th (1947–1949) | ||||
81st (1949–1951) | ||||
William Benton (D) | ||||
82nd (1951–1953) | ||||
William A. Purtell (R) | ||||
Prescott Bush (R) | ||||
William A. Purtell (R) | 83rd (1953–1955) | |||
84th (1955–1957) | ||||
85th (1957–1959) | ||||
Thomas J. Dodd (D) | 86th (1959–1961) | |||
87th (1961–1963) | ||||
88th (1963–1965) | Abraham Ribicoff (D) | |||
89th (1965–1967) | ||||
90th (1967–1969) | ||||
91st (1969–1971) | ||||
Lowell Weicker (R) | 92nd (1971–1973) | |||
93rd (1973–1975) | ||||
94th (1975–1977) | ||||
95th (1977–1979) | ||||
96th (1979–1981) | ||||
97th (1981–1983) | Chris Dodd (D) | |||
98th (1983–1985) | ||||
99th (1985–1987) | ||||
100th (1987–1989) | ||||
Joe Lieberman (D) | 101st (1989–1991) | |||
102nd (1991–1993) | ||||
103rd (1993–1995) | ||||
104th (1995–1997) | ||||
105th (1997–1999) | ||||
106th (1999–2001) | ||||
107th (2001–2003) | ||||
108th (2003–2005) | ||||
109th (2005–2007) | ||||
Joe Lieberman (CfL) | 110th (2007–2009) | |||
111th (2009–2011) | ||||
112th (2011–2013) | Richard Blumenthal (D) | |||
Chris Murphy (D) | 113th (2013–2015) | |||
114th (2015–2017) | ||||
115th (2017–2019) | ||||
116th (2019–2021) | ||||
117th (2021–2023) | ||||
117th (2023–2025) |
John Q. Tilson served as the House Majority Leader for the Republican party from 1925 to 1931. [51] Barbara Kennelly was the first woman to become the Democratic chief deputy whip. Ella T. Grasso later became the first female governor elected in the United States. [6]
From 1789 to 1837, representatives from Connecticut were elected from Connecticut's at-large congressional district, which was subsequently replaced with Connecticut's congressional districts. [52] Connecticut has sent five members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 2000 United States Census. [5] One member of the House of Representatives is sent from each district via a popular vote. [53] Districts are redrawn every ten years, after data from the US Census is collected. [54]
Connecticut was granted five seats in the House until the first US census in 1790.
Pro-Administration (PA)
Congress | Elected statewide on a general ticket from Connecticut's at-large district | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st seat | 2nd seat | 3rd seat | 4th seat | 5th seat | |
1st (1789–1791) | Benjamin Huntington (PA) | Roger Sherman (PA) | Jonathan Sturges (PA) | Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (PA) | Jeremiah Wadsworth (PA) |
2nd (1791–1793) | James Hillhouse (PA) | Amasa Learned (PA) |
Following the 1790 census, Connecticut was apportioned seven seats.
Democratic-Republican (DR) Federalist (F) Pro-Administration (PA)
Following the 1820 census, Connecticut was apportioned six seats.
Democratic (D) Democratic-Republican (DR) Jacksonian (J) National Republican (NR) Whig (W)
Following the 1840 census, Connecticut was apportioned four seats.
Democratic (D) Free Soil (FS) Know Nothing (KN) Republican (R) Whig (W)
Following the 1900 census, Connecticut was apportioned five seats. The fifth seat was established at-large from 1901 [76] to 1911, when it was converted into a fifth district via a redistricting plan. [77]
Democratic (D) Republican (R)
Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | At-large |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
58th (1903–1905) | E. Stevens Henry (R) | Nehemiah D. Sperry (R) | Frank B. Brandegee (R) [lower-alpha 41] | Ebenezer J. Hill (R) | George L. Lilley (R) [lower-alpha 42] |
59th (1905–1907) | |||||
Edwin W. Higgins (R) | |||||
60th (1907–1909) | |||||
61st (1909–1911) | John Q. Tilson (R) | ||||
62nd (1911–1913) | Thomas L. Reilly (D) | ||||
63rd (1913–1915) | Augustine Lonergan (D) | Bryan F. Mahan (D) | Thomas L. Reilly (D) | Jeremiah Donovan (D) | 5th district |
William Kennedy (D) | |||||
64th (1915–1917) | P. Davis Oakey (R) | Richard P. Freeman (R) | John Q. Tilson (R) [lower-alpha 43] | Ebenezer J. Hill (R) | James P. Glynn (R) |
65th (1917–1919) | Augustine Lonergan (D) | ||||
Schuyler Merritt (R) | |||||
66th (1919–1921) | |||||
67th (1921–1923) | E. Hart Fenn (R) | ||||
68th (1923–1925) | Patrick B. O'Sullivan (D) | ||||
69th (1925–1927) | James P. Glynn (R) [lower-alpha 44] | ||||
70th (1927–1929) | |||||
71st (1929–1931) | |||||
Edward W. Goss (R) | |||||
72nd (1931–1933) | Augustine Lonergan (D) | William L. Tierney (D) |
Following the 1930 census, Connecticut was apportioned six seats. The sixth seat was established at-large from 1931 [82] to 1964, when it was converted into a sixth district via a reapportioning plan. [83]
Democratic (D) Republican (R)
Following the 2000 census, Connecticut was apportioned five seats.
Democratic (D) Republican (R)
Congress | 1st district | 2nd district | 3rd district | 4th district | 5th district |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
108th (2003–2005) | John B. Larson (D) | Rob Simmons (R) | Rosa DeLauro (D) | Chris Shays (R) | Nancy Johnson (R) |
109th (2005–2007) | |||||
110th (2007–2009) | Joe Courtney (D) | Chris Murphy (D) | |||
111th (2009–2011) | Jim Himes (D) | ||||
112th (2011–2013) | |||||
113th (2013–2015) | Elizabeth Esty (D) | ||||
114th (2015–2017) | |||||
115th (2017–2019) | |||||
116th (2019–2021) | Jahana Hayes (D) | ||||
117th (2021–2023) | |||||
118th (2023–2025) |
Since Hawaii became a state in 1959, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from each of Hawaii's congressional districts. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Hawaii elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1900 to 1958.
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
Sander Martin Levin is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 2019, representing Michigan's 9th congressional district. Levin, a member of the Democratic Party from Michigan, is a former ranking member on the House Ways and Means Committee; he was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee from 2010 to 2011. He was the older brother of former U.S. Senator Carl Levin, and is the father of former Congressman Andy Levin, his successor.
Henry Clarence Dworshak Jr. was a United States Senator and Congressman from Idaho. Originally from Minnesota, he was a Republican from Burley, and served over 22 years in the House and Senate.
Hugh Doggett Scott Jr. was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1941 to 1945 and from 1947 to 1959 and in the U.S. Senate, from 1959 to 1977. He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977.
Since Utah became a U.S. state in 1896, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Before the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Utah State Legislature. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from each of Utah's four congressional districts. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Utah elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1850 to 1896.
These are tables of congressional delegations from Indiana to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
Eugene Hale was a Republican United States Senator from Maine.
Charles Ellsworth Goodell Jr. was an American politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1968 and the United States Senate from 1968 to 1971. In both cases, he took office following the deaths of his predecessors, first in a special election and second as a temporary appointee succeeding Robert F. Kennedy.
Edward Zorinsky was an American politician who served as a Democrat in the U.S. Senate from 1976 until his death in 1987. He represented Nebraska and had previously served as mayor of Omaha, elected as a Republican. He was the first Jew elected to statewide office in Nebraska.
The 1792–93 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 27, 1792, and September 6, 1793. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 3rd United States Congress convened on December 2, 1793. With the addition of the new state of Kentucky's representatives, and the congressional reapportionment based on the 1790 United States census, the size of the House increased to 105 seats.
Michael Leib was an American physician and politician from Philadelphia. He served as a surgeon in the Philadelphia Militia during the American Revolutionary War. He served as a Democratic-Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives three times; from 1795 to 1798, 1806 to 1808 and 1817 to 1818. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district from 1799 to 1803 and for Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district from 1803 to 1806. He served as a member of the United States Senate for Pennsylvania from 1809 to 1814. He also served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 1st district from 1818 to 1821.
Thaddeus Laddins Betts was the 32nd and 34th lieutenant governor of the state of Connecticut from 1832 to 1833 and from 1834 to 1835, and a United States Senator from Connecticut from 1839 to 1840. He had previously served in the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District and Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk, Connecticut.
James Dixon was a United States representative and Senator from Connecticut.
Thomas Ellsworth Martin was an American politician who served as a United States representative and Senator from Iowa. Martin, a Republican, served in Congress for 22 consecutive years, from January 1939 to January 1961.
In U.S. politics, an independent Democrat is an individual who loosely identifies with the ideals of the Democratic Party but chooses not to be a formal member of the party or is denied the Democratic nomination in a caucus or primary election. Independent Democrat is not a political party. Several elected officials, including members of Congress, have identified as independent Democrats.
The 115th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census.
The 116th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 census.
The 118th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, during the third and fourth years of President Joe Biden's term in office.
Charles Marion Edwards is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 11th congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the 48th district in the North Carolina Senate from 2016 to 2023.
He died in office in 1952.
...Chauncey Goodrich, who had resigned to become lieutenant-governor of the state.